European Journals Research Articles

Persistent ethnic disparities in authorship within top European and North American medical journals: a serial cross-sectional analysis

We examined the ethnic origin of authors who published research articles in leading medical journals over the past two decades. We carried out a serial cross-sectional analysis of first and last authors who published original research articles in the British Medical Journal, Lancet, Journal of American Medical Association, and New England Journal of Medicine in 2002, 2012, and 2022. The main outcome was the change in proportion of authors over time according to ethnic origin (Anglo, North/West European, South/West European, Asian, Arab and Middle Eastern, African), gender (male, female), and institutional affiliation in percentage points. Most authors were of Anglo descent (44%), although the proportion of non-European authors grew between 2002 and 2022. East Asian, South Asian, and Arab & Middle Eastern last authors accounted for a greater proportion of authors over time, gaining between 3 to 6 percentage points, while African authors made no gains. Gains were gender-specific, with non-European men gaining 8 points as first and last authors, but non-European women gaining 5 points as last authors only. Most non-European authors were affiliated with North American (42.9%) or European (22.4%) institutions, while non-European authors from other institutions did not make meaningful gains over time. Ethnic diversity of authors in leading medical journals has increased somewhat over time, but non-European men account for most of the gains. Non-European women have yet to make comparable advancement as authors.

Bibliometric Analysis of Publications on Action Recognition; Convolutional Neural Network; Video Surveillance During 2011-2021

Action recognition based on convolutional neural networks (AR-CNN) has been developing rapidly in recent years. It is of great significance to conduct a deep analysis to understand the recent development of AR-CNN. However, a limited study examining the research status of this field could be found. Therefore, this study aims to quantitatively assess the publications related to the SciVal topic "Action Recognition; Convolutional Neural Network; Video Surveillance (T.561)" in computer vision research. This study focused on six aspects: literature distribution characteristics analysis, the development trend, citation analysis, collaborative analysis, keyword analysis and thematic evolution, using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. The relevant publications were retrieved from Scopus in the period 2012–2021. A total of 6633 publications were identified by 9088 different authors, 62% were conference papers, and 35% were research articles. China and the USA contributed 39.7 % and 17.9 % of the total publications, respectively. The authors' production according to Price's Law was inconsistent but consistent according to Lotka's Law. Ling Shao was the most productive author, with 48 papers (%0.7). Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most productive affiliation, with 259 papers (%3.9). The first Bradford site consisted of Computer Science Lecture Notes with 617 publications. A moderately significant correlation was revealed between the country's publications and GDP per capita. The overall results show that the number of AR-CNN-related documents has increased significantly in recent years, with rapid growth from 2016. Although publications on AR-CNN were published mainly in European journals, China led the scientific production.

The Gender Gap and Academic Publishing in Political Science: Evidence from Canada

ABSTRACT The underrepresentation of women-authored scholarship in political science journals remains a persistent issue. Studies confirm that a gender gap exists in many leading American and European journals and that a key contributing factor is the lack of supply from women authors. To what extent is this gap present in the Canadian Journal of Political Science (CJPS), given the Canadian Political Science Association’s efforts to promote gender equality? To answer this question, we analyze an original dataset of CJPS submissions from 2008 to 2022. We find that a modest gender gap does exist; women tend to submit fewer manuscripts and publish fewer articles in the CJPS relative to men. On the other hand, we find no evidence of bias against women authors during the review process. In fact, they fare as well or better than men across editorial teams and regardless of the handling editor’s gender.

Gender authorship in major American and European gastroenterology journals: the gap is still unfilled.

The gender gap in the authorship of scientific research may affect career advancement. Our aim was to assess the potential gender gap in gastrointestinal (GI) journals. A systematic review was performed of the GI literature and ongoing research in the period 2020-2022. A total 10 GI journals and ongoing research on clinicaltrials.gov were selected for review. The gender gap in first and senior authorship was evaluated for each article and ongoing research project. Associations between the gender gap and possible predictors were measured and results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95%CI. The number of first female authors (FFAs) and senior female authors (SFAs) in published articles were 1408/4207 (33.5%) and 911/4207 (21.7%), respectively. There were 781/2654 (29.4%) female principal investigators (PI)s for the ongoing research. On comparison of non-endoscopic vs. endoscopic topics, the latter were associated with the gender gap (hepatology, OR 2.15 [95%CI 1.83-2.55]; inflammatory bowel disease, OR 2.12 [95%CI 1.60-2.45]; upper and lower GI, OR 1.31 [95%CI 1.18-1.73]); as well as the type of article (original article vs. editorial, OR 1.92 [95%CI 1.58-2.33]). The type of research was also associated with the gender gap (clinical vs. preclinical studies, OR 0.88 [95%CI 0.66-0.91]). Our results demonstrated a correlation between the gender gap and the design and topic of the research. Future strategies for improving equity in career development in GI endoscopy should focus on closing the gender gap in equity of authorship.

Bibliometric Analysis of Research Interest in Rural Tourism

Rural tourism is a form of tourism that takes place in non-urban areas and is characterized by traditional lifestyle, rural culture, and nature-based activities. Over time, its features drew attention not only to more and more visitors, but also to researchers, transforming it into one of the most active fields of scientific study. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the evolution of academic work in rural tourism and the main trends in this domain. Using VOS Viewer, we processed a number of 6,656 studies published between 1964 and 2022 and indexed by Scopus, the world’s largest database for academic journals. Results showed a growing interest in rural tourism, with almost 800 articles published each year over the last couple of years. Different European organizations (e.g. British universities) and scientific journals (e.g. Tourism Management) proved to be highly influential, and through most cited authors and documents have shaped the perspective of academic communities on rural tourism. Finally, the cluster analysis of documents, countries, and word frequency in abstracts, titles, and keywords, based on relevance scores and term frequencies, allowed the mapping of bibliometric networks. Consequently, links and interrelations between all these elements were highlighted, as well as specific timelines showing the exact year when researchers, from different parts of the world, decided to focus on certain issues related to rural tourism and thus, managed to convert them into popular subject areas of study.

Surviving in a male academia: gender gap, publication strategies and career stage in South European political science journals

Women’s underrepresentation in top political science journals has been a central concern of both the American Political Science Association and the European Consortium of Political Research, which have promoted studies to assess the extent and features of the gender gap. However, so far in Southern Europe, research on this topic has been scarce. Our work adds to the literature by presenting new data on three journals: the Italian Political Science Review, the Spanish Political Science Review and South European Society and Politics. The research has three main goals: to gauge the gender gap in the three journals; to examine whether gender influences publication preferences; and to investigate how career intersects with gendered publication strategies. The analysis is built on a database of almost 800 articles and about 1400 authors, published in these three journals in 2011–2022. Our main findings are that South European journals reveal a gender gap similar to other international journals, where just one-third of authors are women; that this publication gap is accompanied by gendered publication strategies; and that the routes men and women follow to succeed in academic publishing diverge at every career stage. Finally, we argue that women's preferred strategies may not offer the optimum path to career success.

Creative heritage of Dimitry Dan and its international perception

Dimitriy Dan (1856–1927) was a priest, ethnographer, historian, publicist, member of the Romanian Academy of Sciences. Thanks to his publications in German, his works became available to scientists of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and other countries. His works have been included in bibliographic indexes during his life, reviews of them have been published in leading scientific journals of that time. The purpose of this article is to outline the main directions of D. Dan's research and to make a classification of his works, as well as a generalization of the international perception of his creative heritage. Source base. The work is based on search work in museum institutions, archives, libraries of Chernivtsi (Ukraine), Chisinau (Republic of Moldova), Suceava (Romania), the use of special information and search systems on the Internet (including the use of online archives of European journals , almanacs, societies, libraries, etc.). This made it possible to analyze leading magazines in the field of history and ethnography, Bulletins of National Libraries, Materials of International Congresses and Conferences, albums of the period 1890-1918 of such European countries as France, Poland, Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, Russia, Hungary, Great Britain and USA in the period 1890–1927. Secondly, to analyze the international perception of D. Dan's scientific works among scientists in Europe and the USA in the period after D. Dan's death (1927) until the present day. Methodology: bibliographic analysis, use of special information and search systems on the Internet. The research is relevant for the comparative determination of the importance of the researches of different scientists. A more in-depth classification of D. Dan's works (Appendix No. 1), an analysis of international significance, and the use of special search engines on the Internet confirm the novelty of the proposed article. Conclusions. A detailed study of D. Dan's creative heritage allows us to classify his works into the following categories: historical works; “monographs of villages”; description of different ethnic groups of Bukovyna; ethnography and folklore; sermons and articles devoted to spiritual and church matters; museology, protection of historical monuments and paleography; toponymy and natural history of Bukovyna; journalistic works; translations of works; memoirs, reviews and obituaries. The analysis of leading magazines and yearbooks, Bulletins of National Libraries, materials of International Congresses and Conferences, albums, bibliographic and scientific works gives us grounds to state the wide lifelong recognition of the importance of D. Dan's works in Bukovina, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as well as in such countries as Germany, Great Britain, USA, France, Poland, Russia, Bulgaria, Hungary; as well as in the period after his death among scientists in Europe and the United States. This testifies to the recognition of the value of his works by the international scientific community. His works devoted to ethnic groups of Bukovyna became the most famous, mainly those published in German. The analysis showed that the works of D. Dan, as one of the first and authoritative researchers of ethnic groups of Bukovyna, are still referred to in Europe and the USA.

Gender representation amongst orthodontic editorial boards: trends over time.

To assess trends in gender representation within editorial boards of European and North American orthodontic journals from 2000 to 2023. Retrospective cross-sectional study of editorial boards of orthodontic journals. The first issue of volumes of identified journals from the years 2000, 2010 and 2023 were investigated to demonstrate trends over time. Eight journals were included. Across the period investigated, a total of 810 editorial board positions were identified with most positions held by men (657/810; 81.1%). The proportion of female editorial board members increased from 14.7% (36/245) in 2000 to 24.5% (73/298) in 2023. The number of female Editor-in-Chief increased from zero in 2000 to two in 2023. Three journals demonstrated a reduction in female representation from 2000 to 2023. Females remain underrepresented within editorial boards of orthodontic journals which is a key metric of presence and leadership in orthodontic academia.

THE ARCHITECTURAL GEOMETRY OF THE CHURCH OF CRISTO OBRERO Y NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LOURDES

Abstract. The object of study of this paper is the Church of Cristo Obrero y Nuestra Señora de Lourdes, in the city of Atlántida, Uruguay, designed and built by Uruguayan engineer Eladio Dieste between 1956 and 1960, and proclaimed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021. Furthermore, the object of study is the outset of Eladio Dieste’s experimentations with reinforced brickwork, which resulted in innovative thin-shell structural typologies. Hence, the objective of this article is to verify the geometrical relationships within the continuous gaussian vaults of the Cristo Obrero’ roof and the ruled surfaces of its lateral walls. The proposed methodological procedures for this research were the in situ visitation of the object of study, followed by the consultation of original construction drawings, as well as the exploratory parametric modeling and polynomial regression of the architectural geometry of the Church of Cristo Obrero. Amongst the expected contributions for this research reside the dissemination of Latin-American modern architectural heritage sites within European academic journals, digital design technologies within Latin-American research centres, as well as the fostering of the comprehension of the design and construction process of the Uruguayan engineer Eladio Dieste.

“We Witches.” Knowledge Wars, Experience and Spirituality in the Women’s Movement During the 1970s

During the 1970s, feminist activists reappropriated the figure of the witch in various ways as a symbol of alterity, political radicalism, feminist revolt or victimhood, or the presentation of subversive (healing or bodily) knowledge. The article investigates these witch constructions with a focus on its experiential foundations drawing on appropriations in Western Germany within a larger transatlantic history. First, it provides a brief overview of witch discourses in the 1970s, highlighting radical feminist, health-political and artistic milieus, based on representative Western European journals and movement literature. The article emphasizes the variety of witch images and its epistemic foci, showing that however different these approaches may appear, they all created women’s alterity. Second, the article examines alternative practices of knowledge production, focusing on health guides and advice literature, as well as on approaches to experience in consciousness-raising groups. This section demonstrates how witch discourses both enabled the movement’s knowledge empowerment, but were also part of complex boundary work within the milieus, such as in the debates about the relationship between experiential knowledge and theory. The last section shows how closely and in what ways spiritualist approaches were linked to this boundary work. The article argues that feminist milieus constituted themselves within the framework of feminist epistemologies against and within established knowledge cultures, thereby drawing further boundaries within the movement. In analyzing the “evidence of experience” (Scott) produced by witch discourses its overarching aim is to demonstrate that their historical relevance initially laid in its standpoint-creating character.

How Race, Ethnicity, and Social Determinants of Health Are Reported in Three European Pediatric Journals

To evaluate how geography, ethnicity, ancestry, and race or religion (GEAR) and social determinants of health (SDOH) data are reported and discussed in 3 European pediatric journals and to compare practices between European and American journals. A retrospective analysis of all original articles that enrolled children (<18years old) published from January through June 2021 in 3 European pediatric journals: Archives of Disease in Childhood, European Journal of Pediatrics, and Acta Paediatrica. We categorized SDOH using the 5 domains as outlined by the US Healthy People 2030 framework. For each article, we recorded whether GEAR and SDOH were reported in the results and interpreted in the discussion sections. We then compared these European data by χ2 tests with data from 3 US pediatric journals. Of the 320 studied articles, 64 (20%) and 80 (25%) reported GEAR and SDOH data in the results sections, respectively. Of those articles, 32 (50%) and 53 (66.3%) studies interpreted the GEAR and SDOH data in their discussion sections, respectively. On average, articles reported factors from 1.2 GEAR and 1.9 SDOH categories with great variability in the variables collected and data groupings. Articles published in European journals were less likely to report GEAR and SDOH than articles published in US journals (P<.001 for both). Articles published in European pediatric journals did not commonly report either GEAR or SDOH, and there was wide variation in how data were collected and reported. Harmonization of categories will allow for more accurate interstudy comparisons.

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE PUBLICATION PROCESS IN THE ARTS AND HUMANITIES REFEREED JOURNALS IN EASTERN EUROPE

The aim of the paper is to present the author’s observations on the publication process of the Eastern European journals on Arts and Humanities and Social Sciences indexed in international databases. As this kind of publication is a relatively new practice in this part of Europe and a lot of researchers are not well prepared for how long-lasting and time-consuming the publication process of the Scopus and Web of Science journals may be, the common steps are presented, starting with the specifics of the e-platforms used by most of the publishers. The importance of meeting the technical requirements of the particular journal is also discussed as well as the place and the role of the peer-review process in the whole procedure. The most frequent problems and challenges that editors and journals face when this step has to be completed are reported and the reasons for the current situation are presented. As peer reviewing is a crucial part of the publication process, it is analyzed in detail. Special attention is paid to the importance of the final editing and proofreading of the manuscript. Apart from all these phases of the publishing process in the prestigious journals, some other questions concerning the use of specific languages, the accessibility of the published work, and the evaluation of the academic achievements are discussed. The paper also addresses the importance of free access to resources and of the freedom to disseminate intellectual work.

European scholarly journals from small- and mid-size publishers: mapping journals and public funding mechanisms

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between scholarly journal publishing and public funding, specifically concerning the context of small- and mid-sized journal publishers in European countries. As part of the movement towards open science, an increasing number of journals globally are free to both read and publish in, which increases the need for journals to seek other resources instead of subscription income. The study includes two separate components, collecting data separately for each European country (including transcontinental states): (1) the volume and key bibliometric characteristics of small- and mid-sized journal publishers and (2) information about country-level public funding mechanisms for scholarly journals. The study found that there are 16,387 journals from small- and mid-sized publishers being published in European countries, of which 36 per cent are already publishing open access. There is a large diversity in how countries reserve and distribute funds to journals, ranging from continuous inclusive subsidies to competitive grant funding or nothing at all.

European scholarly journals from small- and mid-size publishers: Mapping journals and public funding mechanisms

European scholarly journals from small- and mid-size publishers: Mapping journals and public funding mechanisms

Digital Archiving Policies of Central European Journals Registered in the Directory of Open Access Journals

Abstract This paper examines digital archiving policies of open access (OA) electronic scholarly journals in Central Europe. The research sample consists of 1589 journals from nine Central European countries registered in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). Results show that of the 1589 journals, 69% of them have an archiving policy. In terms of the number of indexed journals, Poland ranks first with 592 journals. Switzerland is at the forefront of digital archiving with 89% of archived journals. It was also found that Portico and national libraries are the most widely used archives, and that 19% of the preserved journals are archived in more than one archive. A preliminary analysis was also conducted to investigate the possible existence of a relationship between journal rank and digital archiving. The results show a higher number of JCR indexed titles, as well as a higher ranking, among archived journals. The paper also compares the status of archiving policies among Asian and Central European countries. The results reveal that archived journals are significantly more represented in Central European countries.

The effect of the pandemic on European narratives on smart cities and surveillance.

This article presents an analysis of European smart city narratives and how they evolved under the pressure of the COVID-19 pandemic. We start with Joss et al.'s observation that the smart-city discourse is presently in flux, engaged in intensive boundary-work and struggling to gain wider support. We approach this process from the critical perspective of surveillance capitalism, as proposed by Zuboff, to highlight the growing privacy concerns related to technological development. Our results are based on analysing 184 articles regarding smart-city solutions, published on social media by five European journals between 2017 and 2021. We adopted both human and machine coding processes for qualitative and quantitative analysis of our data. As a result, we identified the main actors and four dominant narratives: regulation of artificial intelligence and facial recognition, technological fight with the climate emergency, contact tracing apps and the potential of 5G technology to boost the digitalisation processes. Our analysis shows the growing number of positive narratives underlining the importance of technology in fighting the pandemic and mitigating the climate emergency, but the latter is often mentioned in a tokenistic fashion. Right to privacy considerations are central for two out of four discovered topics. We found that the main rationale for the development of surveillance technologies relates to the competitiveness of the EU in the global technological rivalry, while ambitions like increasing societal well-being or safeguarding the transparency of new policies are nearly non-existent.

Happy 25th Anniversary, EurJOC!

Happy 25th Anniversary, EurJOC!

Bibliometric Analysis of 6 Major European Neurosurgical Publications from 2011-2020 (part 3): a Comparative Metrics Review.

We previously conducted bibliometric analysis of 6 North American neurosurgical journals. To perform a bibliometric analysis of 6 European neurosurgical journals to build on our previous studies. We searched Web of Science for articles published in Acta Neurochirurgica, British Journal of Neurosurgery, Child's Nervous System, Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery, Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences, and Neurosurgical Review between 2011 and 2020. We analyzed bibliometric parameters related to total annual document distribution, author metrics, journal metrics, country and continental distribution, institution, keywords, and journal impact. European countries provided the greatest contributions. Acta Neurochirurgica followed by Child's Nervous System published the greatest number of articles and had the highest h-index and number of citations. From 2018 to 2020, total documents increased 79.6%, original articles increased 86.5%, review articles increased 103.6%, citations increased 79.6%, number of publishing authors increased 72.1%, number of authors in multi-author documents increased 72.4%, and author's keywords and keywords plus increased 72.4% and 27.0%, respectively. The collaboration index decreased 5.3% from 4.49 to 4.25. Annual published documents and citations were lower for European journals versus North American journals. Several parameters of the European journals increased by 2020. One interesting finding is that growth for the 6 journals dramatically increased in the 2 years prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. While neurosurgeon free time during lockdowns may account for much of the increase in 2020, the trend began before this. Our analysis did not identify a cause for the pre-COVID increases.

Видання Наукового товариства імені Шевченка в оцінці європейських наукових журналів: комунікаційний аспект

The article examines reviews dedicated to the works of the Shevchenko Scientific Society published in scientific journals in Vienna, Berlin, Budapest, Prague, Warsaw, Lviv, and others. The collected empirical material is analyzed in terms of the issues surrounding the history of communication among scholars within the broader European intellectual space from the late 19th to the early 20th century. To address the research question, the article formulates the concept of scientific communication, characterizes general features of the development of scientific communication in Europe as a whole, and outlines the peculiarities of historical socio-political circumstances against which the formation of Ukrainian scientific culture took place. The historical circumstances of the initiation of scientific activities by the Shevchenko Scientific Society are depicted, including the reasons and prerequisites for the Society’s foundation, its functioning at the initial stages, and the names and orientations of the main publications and journals under the auspices of the Society. A brief description of the journals containing reviews were included: «Kievskaia Staryna», «Etnograficheskoe Obozrenie», «Lud», «Kwartalnik historyczny», «Wisła», «Biblioteka Warszawska», «Národopisný Sborník Českoslovanský», «Századok», «Zeitschrift des Vereins für Volkskunde», «Archiv für slavische Philologie», «Zeitschrift für österreichische Volkskunde» etc have been given. A number of facts from the biographies of some authors have been revealed, among them prominent European historians, ethnologists, philologists, literary experts, linguists, and lawyers. The trends in the assessment were analyzed, the features of rhetoric were revealed, the attitude of the authors of the researched publications to the publications of the National Academy of Sciences was revealed, and their thematic spectrum has been determined. Keywords: Shevchenko Scientific Society, scientific commu­nication, scientific journals, review.

Female author representation differs between journals from the United States of America, Europe, and Asia: a 10-year comparison of five medical disciplines

To provide information for targeted support of female scientists, the objective of this study was to evaluate how female authors are represented in journals of five medical disciplines with varying rates of female physicians from the United States of America (USA), Europe, and Asia. For this retrospective bibliometric study 15 representative gynecologic, pediatric, radiologic, urologic, and surgical journals from the USA, Europe, and Asia were selected from the Web of Science database. From these, all n = 24182 publications of the years 2007/2008 and 2017/2018 were included. Gender and affiliations were assigned to first and senior authors using a software (Gender API, Passau, Germany), native speakers, and a web-based search. For statistics mixed logistic and multinomial logistic regression were applied. In pediatrics, radiology, and urology, highest female first and senior author shares were consistently found in journals from the USA. In European journals proportions across all disciplines tripled (odds ratio 2.96 [95% CI 2.60–3.37], P < .0001). Asian journals showed three-times fewer female authorships than journals from the USA or Europe and the smallest increase (1.36 [1.11–1.66], P = .0026). Compared to the proportion of female physicians within each specialty, female first authors remained underrepresented in Asian journals and female senior authors in journals of all regions. In journals from the USA most female authors originated from institutes within the USA (36.2%), in European journals from the USA (21.1%) or Europe (21.7%). Women from Asian institutes were worst represented in journals of all regions with lowest rates in Asian journals (9.4%). In conclusion female first authors remained underrepresented in Asian journals, female senior authors and women from Asian institutes in journals from all regions. Programs for gender equality in science are thus particularly necessary to support female senior authors, for Asian journals, and women from Asian institutes.