Context Of European History Research Articles

Themes of Chronicle Drama

Chronicle drama occupies a central position in modern literature which represents a field for interaction of ideas and actions, as it works as storage for historical and human experience. It records a sequence for the history. This study aims to examine the main themes of chronicle drama. Thus, it tracks the history of modern literature as a wide source for this literary genre. The study adopts a historical and analytical methodology in order to clarify the broader dimensions related to chronicle drama and its sources. Historically, chronicle drama was used to dramatize the facts and work as an expression of factory life of kings. That’s why King John of Shakespeare in 1553 was the first one of this genre. The study concludes that chronicle drama mirrored surrounding circumstances of the facts since its early times. So, it was effected by the historical conditions. This is clearly appeared in the early works like Henry the Fifths, Tragedy of Richard III The life and Death of Jaike Strew and so, the previously mentioned "The King John". So it was affected politically and socially by the European historical context. The research also indicates that the Elizabethan Dramatists put the basics of the later stage of literature development especially on the level of techniques. This appears in Shakespeare’s works who used to end the drama with restoration and disordering which still exists in postmodern literature.

Constitutionalism and Political Culture in Imperial Russia (Late 19th – Early 20th Century)

This article analyzes the possibility of development of liberal constitutionalism in the Russian Empire during the post-reform period in the late 19th – early 20th century within the context of European history, of which Russia was an integral component. It argues that the Russian autocracy had the potential to transform itself into a constitutional monarchy during the period that followed the Great Reforms of the 1860s (1861–1881) and, second, during the Revolution of 1905–1906 and in its aftermath. This promising evolutionary process was cut short by World War I and rejected by the Soviet period of Russian history that followed. Obstacles to constitutional government were mostly objective in character, but perhaps the most significant problem was the fragmentation and insufficient development of Russian political culture, or better said, cultures that failed to produce the consensus required for effective creation and functioning of a constitutional regime. This failure was further exacerbated by an evolutionary radicalization of revolutions in modern European history that culminated in October 1917. The author concludes that the events of the late 1980s and the Revolution of 1991 changed the character of the Russian historical landscape and provided the potential for renewed development of a pluralistic political system and a strong civil society that is its precondition.

Patrick Grainville's Black African World: Dismantling or Bolstering Cultural Binarisms?

This article examines the cross-cultural perspective offered by the metropolitan French author Patrick Grainville in his novels Les Flamboyants and Le Tyran éternel, set each in a fictional post-1960 independent black African state. In doing so, it identifies an inherent contradiction in the vision and argues that, while setting out to celebrate cultural difference, Grainville ends up paradoxically, if perhaps unwittingly, reasserting the supremacy of the cultural self. The article does not seek to discredit entirely Grainville's cross-cultural endeavour, but does not attempt to overrate it either. Rather it shows how, writing in a post-imperial European historical context of the mid-1970s and the late 1990s, Grainville breaks with colonial modes of cross-cultural perception but only to restate in certain respects the cultural assumptions that tend to underpin those modes of apprehending cultural difference.

Is It Hop? Identifying Hop Fibres in a European Historical Context

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is an ancient perennial crop plant, native to the Northern Hemisphere. The archaeological evidence dates back to at least the sixth century ad in Europe. Hop has been used for beer brewing, in sleeping draughts, as bedding and for antibacterial purposes. Less known is that hop fibres have also been used for textiles and paper. However, it is difficult to distinguish hop from other bast fibres. Here, we present a set of fibre features, which, when found together in an archaeological/historical material within a European context, provide a strong indication that the fibres are hop.

Періодизація природничої музеології у контексті історії природознавства Європи

Періодизація природничої музеології у контексті історії природознавства Європи

Pilgrimage route recovery in an industrial landscape

Pilgrimage is an activity having a long tradition within the European historical context, and it has contributed to the overall spiritual aspect of European landscapes. Since the nineteenth century, however, the mining industry has strongly transformed many of those landscapes. The intangible cultural and spiritual values have been neglected in the process of mine rehabilitation. The aim of the present paper is to introduce a methodological approach to recovering the pilgrimage tradition in a post-mining landscape. The approach was developed in a case study regarding recovery of the Czech Republic's Osek–Mariánské Radšice pilgrimage route. Applying the principles of preservation, paraphrasing, evocation, and a new structure, the methodological framework for pilgrimage route recovery was designed and a variety of methodological issues regarding conflict between industrialism and the holy spirit of the original landscape were addressed.

Pedagogical Implications of the Concepts of the Classroom in Europe: The Key Historical Layers, Tendencies and Influential Lines

Viewed historically, for a thorough understanding of the development of pedagogical concepts it is necessary to study all important contextual elements that have contributed to the achievement of certain conditions under which educational work with students occurred, and to study all the qualitative components that lie at the essence of this pedagogical process.This paper examines the interdependence of pedagogical movements and classroom environment for the elementary education in the European historical context. The authors′ analysis of historical trends in the development of pedagogical ideas and movements has identified two influential currents, in which implications related to the origins and final form of the highlighted school architecture in Europe have been analyzed.The key finding of this study is that, given the different socio-cultural circumstances, the level of development of the classroom in Europe is conditioned primarily by the continuity and quality of perception of pedagogical movements, as related to the appropriate environment in which the pedagogical process is to be implemented.

Challenges of adolescent psychology in the European identity context.

In Europe, the question of identity and youth civic engagement constitutes a challenge both for the European Union (EU) and for research on adolescent psychology. In this article, we discuss the European historical context and the current initiatives from the EU that aim to encourage civic engagement among young people. Then, we suggest some research directions in youth civic engagement and identity formation, which could contribute to the facilitation of the initiative drawn by the EU. These directions include (a) understanding the role and the dynamics of the sense of belonging to the different levels of social communities into sociocultural contexts (such as continental, national), and (b) the development of civic engagement during adolescence integrating the various components of civic engagement and identity formation processes. Finally, (c) the specificities of sociocultural contexts and the diversity of multifaceted identity with regard to cultural, social, and ethnic groups should be taken into account.

La capacidad infractora de personas físicas y jurídicas en el ordenamiento jurídico tributario (I) = Legal and Physical Persons as possible subjects of tax infringements (Part One)

According to the tax legislation, physical disabled person and minor, only when acting with civil capacity to act can be held responsible, and of his own, offenders of the tax system. This administrative capacity, however, is not exportable to the scope of the criminal code, where the minority of age excludes the possibility of be attributable, although tehy may be responsible for the Act that regulates the criminal responsibility of the child. Moreover, the condition of offender of legal persons must be applied differently than individuals, so, in the absence of the volitional element in the sense that has been demanding in the criminal theory, you should be required so almost objective through accountability in eligendo or in vigilando. Then, after a brief overview of the national and European historical context which is included our Spanich criminal liability of legal persons, we observe that it is booked now because in watching or for the actions of its representation and administration staff, provided that it has reported some advantage, following the model of responsibility by allocation or by transfer of the physical persons that compose it. The performance of the legal person «in the name or on behalf of», cannot mean nothing more than a performance that takes the guidelines of behavior of the legal person, who is not opposed to its standards of conduct or compliance protocols. We warn that the criminal liability of corporate persons model seems to be cumulative, which brings the prejudice of that it infringes the principle of non bis in idem. However, it is clear, in our view, this personification can not serve to hide or to move to the offending physical person who is behind that one.

The Integration of Mission Theology and Practice: Zinzendorf and the Early Moravians

AbstractThis paper explores the key characteristics of Count Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf's mission theology that influenced the early Moravian missional practice. After discussing the early eighteenth century European historical context and the Spirit-renewal of the Herrnhut community, the paper considers Zinzendorf's theology on the death of Christ, the prominent role of the Holy Spirit, and harvesting the "first fruits." These theological distinctives contributed in determining the motivation and message of these pioneer Protestant missionaries. It then takes into account some of the subsequent methods such as working with the marginalized, practicing the love of Christ in cultural humility, and preaching the gospel in the vernacular. The main contributions of the early Moravians to mission were that they brought an understanding that spiritual renewal preceded mission renewal, the atoning death of Christ is central to mission theology, and a Protestant recognition that it had an obligation to do mission. On the other hand, the foremost negative aspects of Moravian mission were their obsession with the physical death of Christ and an ignorance of the broader social issues that at times resulted in a lack of contextualization, religious syncretism, indifference to social justice, and extreme subjectivism.

‘Tonality, Clarity, Strength’: Gesture, Form, and Nordic Identity in Carl Nielsen’s Piano Music

Identifying elements of a Nordic subjectivity in the music of Carl Nielsen is a complex exercise. As Naomi Cumming has observed, we construct musical subjectivity in multiple ways, some of which we perceive as a 'composer's voice'. But musical identity is properly a tension between compositional process, reception, and historical context. Carl Nielsen's piano music has been less widely acknowledged outside Denmark than his symphonies, but offers a compelling case study in the formation of musical subjectivity. His piano works employ a diverse range of different compositional strategies, from stylized neo-Baroque textures to angular modernist dissonance and the carnivalesque juxtaposition of different musical characters or voices. The critical reception of his piano music reveals interesting trends in the construction of a Danish musical style. This essay presents a general survey of his major piano works, from the Symphonic Suite to the posthumous Three Piano Pieces, and seeks to place them in their European historical context.

The Ecology of Collective Action and Regional Representation in the European Union

The authors examine the emergence of regional information offices representing (subnational) regions of Europe near the administrative headquarters of the European Union in Brussels. Regional offices are viewed as instances of a new form of organization, and as indicating collective action on the basis of regional boundaries. They develop a theoretical model of regional collective action from which they derive a number of hypotheses relating characteristics of a region to the likelihood of regional collective action, as manifested by the opening of an office in Brussels. Logistic regression analyses of the presence or absence of representation for 183 regions yield results largely consistent with the theoretical model. Significant effects on the likelihood of representation are found for the following variables (directions) : absolute size of the region (positive), size relative to the embedding country (negative), percentage of the labour force in industry (positive), share of Structural Funds per capita (negative), labour force diversity (negative), strength of subnational identification (positive), and regional autonomy (positive). The empirical results are interpreted in the context of the theoretical model of regional collective action, and within the broad European historical context