European Directors Research Articles

Implementation of COVID-19 vaccination services in prison in six European countries: translating emergency intervention into routine life-course vaccination.

Evidence has shown that the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is much higher in prisons than in the community. The release of the COVID-19 vaccine and the recommendation by WHO to include prisons among priority settings have led to the inclusion of prisons in national COVID-19 vaccination strategies. Evidence on prison health and healthcare services provision is limited and often focuses on a single country or institution due to the multiple challenges of conducting research in prison settings. The present study was done in the framework of the EU-founded project RISE-Vac. It aimed to analyse the best practices and challenges applied in implementing COVID-19 universal vaccination services during the pandemic to support future expansion of routine life course vaccination services for people living in prison (PLP). Two online cross-sectional surveys were designed and piloted: survey1 on prison characteristics and (non-COVID-19) immunisation practices; survey2 on the implementation and coverage of COVID-19 vaccination with open-ended questions for thematic analysis. Each RISE-Vac project partner distributed the questionnaire to one or two prisons in their country. Answers were collected from eight European prisons' directors or medical directors between November 2021-May 2022. According to our findings, the implementation modalities of COVID-19 vaccination services in the surveyed prisons were effective in improving PLP vaccination coverage. Strategies for optimal management of the vaccination campaign included: periodic time slot for PLP vaccination; new staff recruitment and task shifting; distribution of informational material both to PLP and prison staff. Key challenges included continuity of care after release, immunisation information system, and vaccine hesitancy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing the implementation of COVID-19 vaccination services in European prisons, suggesting that the expansion of vaccination provision in prison is possible. There is no unique solution that will fit every country but commonalities likely to be important in the design and implementation of future vaccination campaigns targeting PLP emerged. Increased availability of vaccination services in prison is not only possible, but feasible and highly desirable, and can contribute to the reduction of health inequalities.

«Запечатленный кризис»: кинематограф К. Рейгадаса на стыке культурных парадигм

This article examines the work of the Mexican filmmaker Carlos Reygadas. The representative of the new auteur cinema, the developing direction of “slow cinema”, he is the exponent of those social and cultural problems on which the attention of European directors of the first third of the 21st century is focused. The example of Reygadas’ films shows the changes that society has undergone in recent decades in the transition from the postmodern to the metamodern culture. The interdisciplinary approach to the study of his work is designed to more fully reveal the ideological and thematic orientation of the films and to illuminate the cultural and historical process of the first decades of the 21st century, which will constitute the novelty of the study. Based on the ideas of T. Vermeulen and R. van den Akker that the metamodern seeks to remove the contradictions between different art movements, past and present cultures, the author of the article attempts to demonstrate how this trend manifested itself in the work of Reygadas. At the same time, the reference to the mythology of Mesoamerica and the “philosophy of liberation” of Latin America shows that Vermeulen and van den Akker’s concept of culture transformation through the resolution of contradictions reflects the situation of a crisis in which modern society is involved. In the director’s films, this is reflected in the inability of the individual to make contact with the Other and the reality around them. Moreover, the films of the 2000s showed an attempt to get out of the former social and cultural paradigm, but by the end of the 2010s, the problem of interpersonal relations was not resolved, and reality acquired the status of “elusive”. This allows us to draw a preliminary conclusion that society is still in a state of a crisis, experiencing a change of cultural formations, and the transition from postmodernism to metamodernism cannot be considered a completed process.

The Great European Stage Directors, Volume 1: Antoine, Stanislavski, Saint-Denis ed. by Peta Tait, and: The Great European Stage Directors, Volume 2: Meyerhold, Piscator, Brecht ed. by David Barnett, and: The Great European Stage Directors, Volume 3: Copeau, Komisarjevsky, Guthrie ed. by Jonathan Pitches, and: The Great European Stage Directors, Volume 4: Reinhardt, Jessner, Barker ed. by Michael Patterson (review)

The Great European Stage Directors, Volume 1: Antoine, Stanislavski, Saint-Denis ed. by Peta Tait, and: The Great European Stage Directors, Volume 2: Meyerhold, Piscator, Brecht ed. by David Barnett, and: The Great European Stage Directors, Volume 3: Copeau, Komisarjevsky, Guthrie ed. by Jonathan Pitches, and: The Great European Stage Directors, Volume 4: Reinhardt, Jessner, Barker ed. by Michael Patterson (review)

Laboratory and field characterisations of fibre-reinforced porous asphalt: a Dutch case study

A European research project named FIBRA (2017-2021) has been conducted under the Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR) on fostering the implementation of fibre-reinforced asphalt mixtures by ensuring its safe, optimised and cost-efficient use. This paper presents a Dutch case study on demonstration of a fibre-reinforced PA 8, top layers of two layer porous asphalt, on Dutch motorway A73. The results indicate that PA 8 can be reinforced using both polyacrylonitrile and aramid fibres instead of polymer modification through evaluation of lab performance, production process and initial pavement performance. The addition of fibres may contribute positively to the strength of the mixture, the stiffness and possibly aging resistance of the mortar. The workability of fibre-reinforced PA 8 is better than that with polymer modification. The accelerated load testing results indicate that the PA 8 with fibre reinforcement has an expected service life similar to that with polymer modification.

Символика волчка: звуковая деталь в пьесе А. П. Чехова «Три сестры»

The article deals with the study of the sound features of Chekhov’s creative legacy, and in particular, with the analysis and interpretation of the place and role of the sound detail of the spinning top in the play by A. P. Chekhov The Three Sisters, which has not been previously conducted by researchers. The analysis involves stage readings of the drama by major Russian and European directors of the 20–21st centuries – K. S. Stanislavsky, Vl. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, A. V. Efros, P. Stein, E. Nyakroshus, P. N. Fomenko, L. A. Dodin, who show that for most of them the ‘amazing sound’ of the spinning top plays an important symbolic role in Chekhov’s play, and for its interpreters the character of this sound is important – instilling anxiety into the upcoming action, as well as foreshadowing the direction of its development and even the finale. The ‘amazing sound’ of the spinning top, according to the concept of parallelism of the first and fourth acts proposed by G. I. Tamarli, is projected onto the sound of the shot that struck Tuzenbach at the end of the play. The conclusions drawn will help future drama directors in theater and cinema to pay more attention to Chekhov’s sound details and see the symbolism in seemingly everyday objects introduced into the plot.

SAFEPATH: Safely increasing capacity on highways

The aim of the SAFE caPAciTy Highways (SAFEPATH) project, funded by the Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR), is to provide National Road Authorities (NRAs) with information and methodologies to support the selection of measures to safely increase highway capacity.It is critical to understand the performance of a measure before implementation. SAFEPATH used a systems analysis approach to examine the problem of increasing highway capacity, which involved the development of models known as means-ends, objective tree, and causal relations. A systematic approach involving literature reviews, interviews, and workshops was followed.The result is a systems diagram for highway capacity and road safety to link different means for increasing highway capacity to measurable criteria. This will help NRAs to make informed decisions and provides the foundation of a good practice guide.

"Our Faunal Defense in Africa": Imperial Survivalism, Anglo-American Conservation, and African Independence in the Twentieth Century

"Our Faunal Defense in Africa":Imperial Survivalism, Anglo-American Conservation, and African Independence in the Twentieth Century John M. Kinder In December 1948, journalist Charles V. Murphy published a lengthy report on the state of European zoos in Life Magazine. Just one of a number of similar articles released in the aftermath of World War II, Murphy's piece described his recent encounter with Walter Van den bergh, director of the Antwerp Zoo and inventor of a new barless birdcage. Van den bergh's tale of wartime hardship mirrored that of zoo professionals throughout Nazi-occupied Europe. During the war's first winter, the zoo's stock of "meat-eating animals—lions, tigers, bears, and pumas—60 in all, were shot at the request of Antwerp authorities." By the war's end, Antwerp's once-impressive animal collection had been reduced, in Van den bergh's words, to "a few monkeys and chimpanzees, a few dozen different kinds of birds and a pair of long-horned African Watussi." And yet, like many European zoo directors at the time, he remained optimistic that the industry could recover quickly. Already, the zoo had been partially repopulated with exotic water buffalo, okapi, and other large mammals—"gifts," Van den bergh explained to the American reporter, "of the administration in the Belgian Congo." In fact, he added, "two gorillas are at this moment en route to us by airplane from Stanleyville."2 That Van den bergh would point to colonial Africa as a bountiful resource for zoo animals is no surprise.3 In Western eyes, Africa was one of the few zoological bright spots of the postwar era. Not only had it largely escaped the environmental devastation of the war years, but in 1948, most of the continent remained under the dominion of European colonial powers. Much to the dismay of First World zoo professionals, however, early optimism proved to be short-lived, soon to be replaced by paranoid fears of political upheaval and mass extinction. Even as large regions of the Communist world, including much of Eastern Europe and Asia, were cut off from Western animal dealers, a rising tide of anticolonial movements across Africa threatened to dissolve the centuries-old network of imperial exploitation and exchange that had long served as the zoo industry's invisible backbone. Indeed, from the perspective of Western zoo leaders and conservationists, both in Europe and the United States, African political independence threatened not only the future of zoos but also the species health of the entire planet. Building upon the work of Renato Renaldo, Melani McAlister and others, this article examines how British and American conservationists understood and sought to exploit a perceived animal crisis that first emerged in the early decades of the twentieth century and culminated during African decolonization. My goal is not to recount the long and unwieldy history of Anglo-American interventions in African wildlife policy. Nor is it to evaluate the relative success or failure of native Africans' own efforts to conserve their local wildlife and ecosystems. Rather, I chart the development of a discourse I call imperial survivalism.4 Born of a stew of political anxiety and race science, imperial survivalism described a two-pronged effort to prolong the survival of imperial institutions and to use the language of threat to justify the claims of empire in a post-imperial world. As it applied to African wildlife, imperial survivalism associated animal extinction with the rise of Indigenous sovereignty. It figured zoos and in situ animal parks as both metaphorical arks and as embodiments of racist (and genocidal) fantasies of an Africa without Africans. As it evolved from the 1910s to the late 1960s, imperial survivalism sought not only to "save" African animals but also to ensure that colonial-era authority survived the turmoil of independence. In tracing the development of these ideas, I use as touchstones the writing and public rhetoric of three prominent figures in Anglo-American conservation history: taxidermist and zoo advocate, William Temple Hornaday (1854-1937); biogeographer and writer, Georg Treichel (1931-2008); and conservationist and former head of the London Zoological Society, Julian Sorell Huxley (1887-1975). While all three were keenly aware of the environmental...

THE LOST MEMORY OF INDUSTRIAL PLACES: THE IPANEMA BLAST FURNACE

Abstract. This contribution is based on a joint research project developed by the University of Ferrara, Department of Architecture (Italy) and the Escola Politecnica USP of São Paulo (Brazil) by the which it was possible to scan the interior and exterior surfaces of the ancient blast furnaces of São João do Ipanema, an extraordinary example of industry of cast iron production of the XIX century.The research was aimed at investigating the evolution of the blast furnace technique exploring a surprisingly rich Brazilian technical literature, with description records and drawings dated between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Beside historical documentation it was also implemented on site a 3D survey campaign of the furnaces to understand how the profiles were modified along the time.The first outputs of the project were thus focused on the evaluation of the transformation of the equipment in terms of more efficient shapes able to enhance the relationship between blast furnace profile fuel consumption and productivity.The use of accurate digital technology, the following CAD elaboration of the chimney, the 3d model and the comparison with XIX century technical drawings confirmed that European directors of the plant were familiar with the most advance technical and scientific procedures and brought to the site a great technological improvement by an innovative know-how.

Performing a Version of Themselves: A Comparative Analysis of Želimir Žilnik’s Work with Nonprofessional Actors

Želimir Žilnik’s films are marked by the director’s work with nonprofessional actors who come from the social periphery or marginalized communities and offer unconventional perspectives about social conditions and history. As the title of Žilnik’s recent retrospective exhibition ‘Shadow citizens’ indicates, his films present individuals who embody alternatives to their time’s ruling ideology. These characters include homeless men in communist-era Novi Sad, guest workers in Germany, drag queens in nationalist-dominated Belgrade, immigrants trying to enter Europe and laid-off industrial workers in post-Yugoslav Serbia. Following the long legacy of filming amateur actors, Žilnik cuts a distinct path in using nonprofessionals. This essay comparatively analyzes his Kenedi trilogy and The Old School of Capitalism (2009) with other recent films of social concern from Eastern European directors to place in relief how Žilnik’s films define the socially marginalized and historically determined position of their subjects. This article argues that Žilnik’s films present a critical development in the cinematic practice of reenactment and the use of nonprofessional actors since the director makes it possible for his amateurs to simulate and critically revise their reality on the film screen.

Specifics of interpretation of traditional eastern practices in European acting training

The purpose of the article is to identify the features of adaptation of oriental theatrical, physical, and spiritual practices by representatives of the European theater in the process of developing methods of actor training based on the analysis of acting training of leading directors of the twentieth century. - K. Stanislavsky, E. Grotovsky, E. Barba. Methodology. A typological method was used (to determine the specifics of acting training methods by K. Stanislavsky, E. Grotovsky, and E. Barba; interpretive method and method of comparative analysis (to identify common and different aspects of interpretation of Eastern practices by European directors); phenomenological method (to identify features of Eastern and spiritual practices and their adaptation to acting training), etc. Scientific novelty The specifics of borrowing and interpretation of traditional in East, Southeast, and Central Asia elements of actor training by Russian and European theater directors of the twentieth century are considered. K. Stanislavsky, E. Grotovsky, and E. Barba and revealed the peculiarities of adaptation by theater directors and teachers of elements of hatha yoga and Raja Yoga in accordance with their own understanding of the purpose of training in the art of acting. Conclusions. Various elements of traditional Western and Eastern cultural practices have been the focus of twentieth-century theater directors. in the process of developing innovative methods and techniques of educating the actor. Their research of local theatrical cultures contributed to the search for universal laws of stage conventionality, new acting methods of self-knowledge, and the disclosure of their own creative potential. In their own search for methods of educating the actor theater directors of the twentieth century. turn to the Eastern worldview, because the extraordinary method and a special view of the nature of consciousness and its functioning in the world contributes to the creation of training to solve a number of applied problems in the context of the specifics of acting. Translating material (Eastern practices) into a Western conceptual structure or any kind of synthesis of Eastern and Western concepts, simplifying, does not reveal the full depth of Eastern practices and religious orientations, but contributes to the actor's mastery of innovative methodological approaches, including intuitive insights, contemplation, contemplation. etc.

Board directors' home regions and CSR disclosure: evidence from France

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine the impact of directors' home regions on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure. Specifically, the authors aim to determine whether Anglo-American, European, French, other European and other regional directors' presence affects CSR disclosure differently.Design/methodology/approachThis empirical study uses panel data analysis of all listed firms on the SBF 120 from 2008 to 2019. The environmental, social and governance (ESG) scores are collected from the Bloomberg database and indicate the extent of CSR information disclosure by French companies. The paper is based on a dynamic generalized method of moments panel estimator that makes it possible to control for unobservable heterogeneity and endogeneity and reduces estimation bias.FindingsThe findings of this study provide evidence that home region diversity and the presence of Anglo-Americans on a board are positively and significantly associated with ESG disclosure and environmental disclosure, whereas they are negatively associated with social and governance disclosure. Surprisingly, when directors come from European countries, they disclose less ESG and environmental information. Nevertheless, when only French directors are present, the company tends to divulge all dimensions of CSR. Indeed, while there is a significant positive influence of French directors on ESG disclosure, the presence of other European directors displays negative and statistically significant regression coefficients.Research limitations/implicationsThis study may be interesting the French policy makers who can now pay more appropriate attention to directors' nationality or region. Thus, firms should identify the foreign directors who can support their strategy with relevant experience in terms of CSR. This could help to change the opinion of some companies that consider the internalization of the board as a constraint rather than an opportunity. These results will be useful for French-listed companies in setting the criteria for the appointment of foreign directors. It may be interesting to recruit directors across European boundaries.Practical implicationsThis paper attempts to provide a better understanding of the effects of the home regions of directors on CSR disclosure in order to enlighten corporate managers whose companies operate in different cultures given that they have to deal with this aspect. In this international business environment, CEOs should increasingly consider the international CSR experience of directors to be a resource. In addition, this study may be of relevance to French market authorities, which constantly encourage firms to diversify the profiles of directors on their boards and recruit more international members.Originality/valueThis study is the first to evince that the disclosure of each CSR disclosure score differs depending on the directors' home regions. Unlike previous studies, the authors focused simultaneously on the resource-based view (RBV) and institutional theory.

Innovation in European Academic Libraries – Leadership Perspective

Academic libraries are considered static organizations that are not eager to innovate because of the lack of innovative culture; however, the current study demonstrated that innovation in academic libraries is not as rare as expected. This study analyzed data from nine semi-structured interviews with European academic library directors. The study’s goal is to map respondents’ approach toward innovation: how innovation is seen and managed in libraries. The findings show that all study libraries are involved in innovative activities, and their leaders are encouraging innovation through empowering their staff. Library directors consider innovation as part of their library’s strategy.

Этнические миры в прозе Е.В. Рудашевского

The article deals with the research of Russian and American so called ethnic worlds (cultural backgrounds) in the novel «Bessonitsa» (“Insomnia”) by E.V. Rudashevsky. The other of the novel is a representative of YA literature in modern Russian literature. The relevance of the research is due to the investigating a possible links between American and European cultures in the novel, and the comparison of the American and Russian value systems. The article examines the genetic links between “Insomnia” and new journalism, a popular trend in the US press in the 1970s, as well as American cinema and the work of European writers, artists, and film Directors. Much attention is paid to the generic nature of the novel, the form of the narrative, the problems and images of the characters. The research results make the following conclusions: the idea to describe and compare different ethnic and cultural worlds is characteristic of Rudashevsky’s novel; the depth of Den's inner world disclosure makes the work an important event in modern Russian prose; the poetics of “Insomnia” is largely based on the thematic and aesthetic settings of the American new journalism.

Shades of Power: Network Links with Gender Quotas and Corporate Governance Codes

AbstractThis study analyses the impact of political and regulatory pressures to increase the influence of women within the European board of directors’ network. To accomplish this, we used a longitudinal approach, tracking two centrality measures of a European directors’ network from 1999 to 2014. The network comprised publicly listed firms in 37 European countries, resulting in an extensive sample of 71,300 directors, of which around 10% were women. Governments promoting gender diversity in leadership positions have focused on two solutions: a slow track using voluntary approaches versus a fast track pushing for binding legislation. The panel data analysis shows how voluntary approaches to promote gender diversity, as implemented through corporate governance codes, have a positive and significant relationship with the ‘closeness’ of women to other directors in the network (i.e. their access to information). In contrast, binding legislation, such as gender quotas, increases women's role as unique ‘bridges’ between sub‐networks – a result that serves to heighten their ‘betweenness’ centrality (i.e. their control over information).

Does boardroom nationality affect the performance of UK insurers?

Drawing on the board capital literature, we use a panel data design to investigate the effect of boardroom nationality on the profitability and solvency of property-casualty insurers operating in the United Kingdom (UK). We find that boardroom nationality influences corporate outcomes depending on the financial aspects being measured. For example, North American directors are linked with profitable outcomes, while European directors tend to be associated with better solvency. This reflects differences between the shareholder value corporate culture in North America and stakeholder approaches more common in Europe. Our results could help insurers, regulators, and others (e.g., investors) to better understand the potential performance implications of the appointment of directors of different nationality.

Shakespearean Performance in Catalan: Adrià Gual and the Emergence of the Theatre Director (1903–1940)

ABSTRACT From 1898, the year of the foundation of the theatre company Intimate Theatre, to his work at the New Company of Catalan Theatre around the 1910s, to his last stagings as head of the Catalan School of Drama in the early 1930s, Adrià Gual is recognized as a pioneer of Spanish and Catalan theatre direction. In this period of over thirty years, Gual produced dozens of shows that ranged from the classical plays of Greek theatre to the latest texts from European, Spanish and Catalan playwrights. And among these, strategically translated into Catalan, a few of Shakespeare’s dramas helped Gual to develop his project to renovate the Barcelona stage and provide a theatrical model that would encourage the development of Catalan culture. This article analyses the way Gual’s Shakespearean productions were intimately connected at the local level with the educated Catalan elites and the establishment of their cultural identity while, connected to a larger continental perspective, Shakespeare’s plays functioned within Intimate Theatre, New Company of Catalan Theatre and the Catalan School of Drama as an instrument to renovate theatrical practice by resorting to the models provided by European stage directors.

‘Small Forms’ and Large: the Russian Case at the Golden Mask, 2019

Every year at the Golden Mask National Theatre Award and Festival in Moscow, the Russian Case has its special characteristics, and 2019 clearly reflected the selection made by the many critics who travel far and wide across Russia to choose shows for the Festival. In this overview Maria Shevtsova gives some idea of the work in the category generally described as ‘small forms’, which dominated the Russian Case, and breaks the category down into the different genres gathered under its name. She also refers to several productions that are ‘large forms’, notably those directed by Konstantin Bogomolov and Yury Butusov, who are major directors in the field acclaimed nationally and internationally. Shevtsova's The Cambridge Introduction to Theatre Directing (2014, co-authored) is a landmark in research on European directors and her Rediscovering Stanislavsky is forthcoming (2019). She is co-editor of New Theatre Quarterly.

From the Western Front to the East Coast: Barker's The Trojan Women in the USA

When Harley Granville Barker was invited to stage a theatre season in New York following the outbreak of the First World War, senior figures within British politics seized on it as an opportunity to promote the British war effort in the United States. It was, however, Barker's impromptu decision to extend his stay and tour Euripides’ The Trojan Women to major colleges on the East Coast that saw him come close to realizing this goal. Through an examination of the production, the discourse that surrounded it, and the changing diplomatic relations between Britain and the USA, Philippa Burt explores in this article the extent to which Barker used Euripides as a propaganda tool through which to engage and educate the largely isolationist North American public. At the same time, she argues that Barker challenged the propaganda machine by refusing to perpetuate the dominant nationalistic and xenophobic narratives and, instead, intended a condemnation of all war. Philippa Burt is a lecturer in the Department of Theatre and Performance at Goldsmiths, University of London. Her previous publications include numerous articles and a chapter on Barker's work with choruses in the forthcoming The Great European Stage Directors, Vol. 4: Reinhardt, Jessner, Barker (Bloomsbury Methuen).

European Academic Libraries Offer or Plan to Offer Research Data Services

A Review of:
 Tenopir, C., Talja, S., Horstmann, W., Late, E., Hughes, D., Pollock, D., … Allard, S. (2017). Research data services in European academic research libraries. LIBER Quarterly, 27(1), 23-44. https://doi.org/10.18352/lq.10180
 Abstract
 Objective – To investigate the current state of research data services (RDS) in European academic libraries by determining the types of RDS being currently implemented and planned by these institutions.
 Design – Email survey.
 Setting – European academic research libraries.
 Subjects – 333 directors of the Association of European Research Libraries (LIBER) academic member libraries.
 Methods – The researchers revised a survey instrument previously used for the DataONE survey of North American research libraries and conducted pilot testing with European academic library directors. The survey instrument was created using the Qualtrics software. The revised survey was distributed by email to LIBER institutions identified as academic libraries by the researchers and remained open for 6 weeks. Question topics included demographics, RDS currently offered, RDS planned, staffing considerations, and the director’s opinions on RDS. Libraries from 22 countries participated and libraries were grouped into 4 regions in order to compare regional differences. Data analysis was conducted using Excel, SPSS or R software University of Tennessee, University of Tampere, and University of Göttingen.
 Main Results – 119 library directors responded to more than one question beyond basic demographics, for a response rate of 35.7%. Among the libraries surveyed, more libraries offer consultative services than offered technical support for RDS, although a majority planned to offer technical services in the future. Geographically, libraries in western Europe offer more RDS compared with other regions. More libraries have reassigned or plan to reassign current staff to support RDS services, rather than hire new staff for these roles. Regardless of whether or not they currently offer RDS, library directors surveyed strongly agree that libraries need to offer RDS to remain relevant.
 Conclusion – The authors determine that a majority of library directors recognize that data management is increasingly important and many libraries are responding to this by implementing RDS and collaborating across their institutions and beyond to help meet these needs. Future research is suggested to track how these services develop over time, how libraries respond to the staffing challenges of RDS, and whether consultative rather than technical services continue to be primary forms of RDS offered.

Recent Trends in Publications of US and European Directors in Vascular Surgery

We hypothesized that there may be significant differences between academic productivity of the vascular training programs in the United States (US) and Europe. In an effort to explore this theory, we reviewed the number of vascular publications listed in PubMed from 2010 to 2015 for US and European directors in vascular surgery. The list of program directors from the Association of Program Directors in Vascular Surgery (APDVS) and the European Union of Medical Specialists (EUMS) were queried for the names of the directors of vascular surgical training programs at the end of 2015. PubMed listed 5,474 citations published from 2010 to 2015. Three thousand five hundred sixty-one were from Europe while 1,912 were from the US. UK and German programs did not list their directors' names in the EUMS website and were thus not included in the European data. The average number of citations in PubMed per program director was 2.36 per year. In Europe, each of the 273 program directors averaged 2.17 publications per year, whereas each of the 114 US program directors averaged 2.80 publications per year (P=0.37). Journal of Vascular Surgery (JVS) publications made up 24.0% (12.7% in Europe and 45.0% in the US). In the US, the top third produced 69% of the publications and 77% of the JVS publications, whereas in Europe, the top third produced 87% of the publications and 98% of the JVS publications. In the US, 5 program directors (4.4%) had no publications and 21 (18.4%) had no JVS publications. In Europe, 82 program directors (30.0%) had no publications, whereas 180 (65.9%) had no JVS publications. Abstracts were categorized by topic for comparison. In both Europe and the US, the top third produced more than two-thirds of the publications, with the disparity being even more pronounced in Europe where the top third produced almost 90% of the total publications. Comparing the topics of the publications from Europe and the US, it was found that the US program directors published a great deal more on Endovenous Lower Extremity, Open Lower Extremity, Education, thoracic endovascular aortic repair, Open Carotid, and Endo Venous, whereas their European counterparts published more in the areas of Vascular Medicine, Replies, and Not Vascular.