Euromed Project Research Articles

España desde Europa: percepciones y relaciones (1982-2004)

En este trabajo se estudia la relación entre España y las políticas europeas en el periodo 1982- 2004, utilizando como enfoque la historia de las relaciones internacionales. En el periodo examinado aquí, el sistema internacional se caracterizó por grandes cambios, pasando de la “segunda guerra fría” de los años ochenta a las nuevas dinámicas de la posguerra fría en los años noventa y luego en 2001-2003; cambios que han involucrado a Europa en general (transición de la CEE a la UE, políticas de ampliación, proyecto Euro-Med, UEM, etc.) y a España en particular. La trayectoria histórica de la relación entre España y Europa es analizada en esa compleja fase de transformación del sistema internacional. Las percepciones que los europeos han tenido de España también se examinan con respecto a los diferentes Gobiernos que se sucedieron en Madrid desde el periodo de transición hasta 2004. Se dedica atención a los principales protagonistas de los eventos analizados, en particular por su papel en la política internacional.

The Euro+Med treatment ofCichorieae (Compositae)— generic concepts and required new names

Greuter, W.: The Euro Med treatment of Cichorieae (Compositae) — generic concepts and required new names. — Willdenowia 33: 229–238. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2003 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem.A synonymic survey of Cichorieae genera accepted for the purpose of the Euro Med Project is presented. Combinations that are required in the genera Andryala, Crepis, Helminthotheca, Lactuca, Leontodon, Scorzonera, Sonchus and Tragopogon, but do not so far exist, are validated. Nomenclatural considerations are offered with regard to four taxa, the correct names of which are Crepis pontana, Leontodon saxatilis subsp. rothii, Picris rhagadioloides and Reichardia dichotoma.

The Euro+Med treatment ofSenecioneaeand the minorCompositaetribes — generic concepts and required new names, with an addendum toCardueae

Greuter, W.: The Euro Med treatment Senecioneae and the minor Compositae tribes — generic concepts and required new names, with an addendum to Cardueae. — Willdenowia 33: 245–250. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2003 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem.A synonymic survey of genera in the Senecioneae accepted for the purposes of the Euro Med Project is presented, and new combinations that are required in the genera Adenostyles, Doronicum, Senecio and Tephroseris (including a new subspecies), as well as Xanthium in the Heliantheae, are validated. Five validations concerning Cardueae taxa, three in Centaurea, one in Psephellus, and one in Rhaponticum, are appended. A synopsis of accepted genera (including many exotic aliens) in nine minor tribes (Arctoteae, Calenduleae, Eupatorieae, Gundelieae, Helenieae, Heliantheae, Mutisieae, Plucheeae, Vernonieae) completes the generic survey of European and Mediterranean Compositae.

The Euro+Med treatment ofAstereae (Compositae)— generic concepts and required new names

Greuter, W.: The Euro Med treatment of Astereae (Compositae) — generic concepts and required new names. — Willdenowia 33: 45–47. 2003. — ISSN 0511-9618; © 2003 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem.A synonymic survey of Astereae genera accepted for the purpose of the Euro Med Project is presented. As a consequence of shifts in generic circumscription, or reassessment of accepted specific and subspecific taxa, combinations that are required in the genera Erigeron, Eurybia, Galatella, Symphyotrichum and Tripolium, but do not so far exist, are validated. In one case (Erigeron alpinus subsp. intermedius) the validity of a previous combination, even though it was rather irregularly proposed, is confirmed.

The creation of a 21st century telemedical information society

Healthcare is a major candidate for improvement in any vision of the kinds of “information highways” and “information societies” that are now being visualised. The concept of telemedicine captures much of what is developing in terms of technology implementations, especially if it is combined with the growth of the Internet and World Wide Web (WWW). It is foreseen that the WWW will become the most important communication medium of any future information society. If the development of such a society is to be on a global scale, it should not be allowed to develop in an ad hoc manner. For this reason, the EC ISIS'95 supported Euromed project has identified 20 building blocks resulting in 39 steps requiring multi-disciplinary collaborations. Since, the organisation of information is critical especially when concerning healthcare the Euromed project has also introduced a new (global) standard called “Virtual Medical Worlds” which provides the potential to organize existing medical information and provide the foundations for its integration into future forms of medical information systems. Virtual Medical Worlds, based on 3D reconstructed medical models, utilises the WWW as a navigational medium to remotely access multi-media medical information systems. The visualisation and manipulation of hyper-graphical 3D “body/organ” templates and patient-specific 3D/4D/and VR models is an attempt to define an information infrastructure in an emerging WWW-based telemedical information society.

Virtual Medical Worlds Magazine — A Euromed on-line information building block for HPCN related telemedicine

Telemedicine is a new keyword entering the medical vocabulary. The concept is dealing with the implementation of high performance computing and networking in the field of health care. The Euromed project is largely contributing to the structural organising of the 21st century telemedical information society in the creation of 20 building blocks resulting in 39 concrete steps. One of these initiatives is Virtual Medical Worlds Magazine, a monthly news site on the world wide web to disseminate telemedical information to a broad audience. It uses new Internet based technology. The magazine, its organisation and technical implementation are discussed.

TeleEEG: A telemedical software package for EEG

This paper describes TeleEEG, a telemedical software application for EEG running on a Windows 95 platform; it has been developed under the Euromed project. EEG medical data are related to brain electrical activity; they consist in signals coming from electrodes typically placed on the scalp of the patient, and they are used to detect episodic brain disorders. TeleEEG can file, manage and visualise EEG data captured by digital EEG machines from different vendors. Moreover it incorporates telemedical facilities to allow remote data access and transfer among different medical centres by means of the Internet www as well as by common telephone lines.

The Creation of a global telemedical information society

Healthcare is a major candidate for improvement in any vision of the kinds of ‘information highways’ and ‘information societies’ that are now being visualized. The medical information management market is one of the largest and fastest growing segments of the healthcare device industry. The expected revenue by the year 2000 is US$21 billion. Telemedicine currently accounts for only a small segment but is expanding rapidly. In the USA more than 60% of federal telemedicine projects were initiated in the last 2 years. The concept of telemedicine captures much of what is developing in terms of technology implementations, especially if it is combined with the growth of the Internet and World Wide Web (WWW). It is foreseen that the World Wide Web (WWW) will become the most important communication medium of any future information society. If the development of such a society is to be on a global scale it should not be allowed to develop in an ad hoc manner. For this reason, the Euromed Project has identified 20 building blocks resulting in 39 steps requiring multi-disciplinary collaborations. Since, the organization of information is therefore critical especially when concerning healthcare the Euromed Project has also introduced a new (global) standard called ‘Virtual Medical Worlds’ which provides the potential to organize existing medical information and provide the foundations for its integration into future forms of medical information systems. Virtual Medical Worlds, based on 3D reconstructed medical models, utilizes the WWW as a navigational medium to remotely access multi-media medical information systems. The visualization and manipulation of hyper-graphical 3D ‘body/organ’ templates and patient-specific 3D/4D/and VR models is an attempt to define an information infrastructure in an emerging WWW-based telemedical information society.