Eurasian Economic Integration Research Articles

The Place of World Economy Research in the Heterodox Analytics of Eurasian Integration

Aim. The article shows the increased productivity of heterodox approaches in the part of economics that studies the problems of the world economy, including regional integration.Methods. Illustrations of the apparent paradoxicity (for representatives of the economic mainstream) of geopolitical and world economic dynamics after 2022 are used to explain the importance of analyzing economic processes in the world economy, taking into account approaches of related social disciplines. The connection of some important scientific results of Russian scholars in the field of economics with the achievements of historians, orientalists and cultural scientists, representatives of economic and political geography and studies of international relations is shown.Results. The article describes the boundaries of the mathematization of the considered segment of heterodox analysis related to the unreliability of world economic statistics, with examples of the successful application of approximate (in a broad sense relative to mathematical terminology) calculations to assess shifts in foreign trade and foreign direct investment in contemporary Russia. The author demonstrates that the heterodox approach reveals the absence of contradiction between Russia’s intensification of Eurasian economic integration (including within the narrow limits of the EAEU) and our country’s efforts to build a more equitable polycentric world order, including strengthening the BRICS format. Greater interdisciplinary transparency for heterodox economists against the background of representatives of the mainstream, among other things, makes it possible to intensify fruitful cooperation between scientists and practical analysts representing analytical centers — think tanks of the post-Soviet space and neighboring countries in the interests of developing integration projects.Conclusions. The proposed methodological framework can enhance the effectiveness of the work of the analytical community of Russia and its friendly countries in obtaining new applied conclusions in the economic sphere, especially in terms of enhancing the effectiveness of integration efforts in Greater Eurasia. At the same time, heterodox economists are more receptive to cooperation with historians, political scientists and other analysts who have focused on Eurasian economic integration.

Assessing the Impact of New Silk Road Initiatives on Kazakhstan's Business Environment

This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of four major regional economic integration initiatives along the New Silk Road in Eurasia: The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB), the New Silk Road (NSR), and the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) program. By employing an expert-based analysis method, the research assesses the initiatives from the perspective of the Kazakhstani business environment, identifying critical criteria for successful economic integration, including intra-union trade, market expansion, supply chain optimization, regulatory harmonization, and access to financing. Drawing parallels with the historical Silk Road's focus on trade and economic prosperity, this research employs an expert-based analysis method to assess these modern initiatives from the perspective of the Kazakhstani business environment. Through structured expert panel assessments and statistical analysis, the study determines which initiatives offer the most tangible benefits to businesses in Kazakhstan and the broader region. The findings indicate that the SREB initiative scored highest overall, particularly in fostering regional economic development and business growth, with a total score of 197, followed by the EAEU with 181. The findings reveal that the SREB initiative scored highest overall, followed by the EAEU, indicating their strong potential for fostering regional economic development and business growth. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and businesses navigating the complex landscape of Eurasian economic integration. It offers a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of new Silk Road initiatives in promoting regional prosperity and cooperation, with particular relevance to Kazakhstan's position in Central Asia.

The Relationship Between Economic Integration, Economic Growth and High Technology: Eurasian Economic Integration and Turkey

Abstract Subject and purpose of work Economic integration is an extremely important institutional structure for countries in international trade, which is highly competitive, with the level of globalisation, innovation and communication technology. Materials and methods Economic integration, which leads to the formation of a resilient economic wall, such as risk sharing, increasing investment opportunities, free trade structure, technology transfer opportunities, common competitiveness against countries outside the union, began in the modern world with the Second World War, and examples began to be seen around the world in the 1990s when globalisation accelerated. The analysis was carried out using the Todo-Yamamoto method in the SPSS program. Results Due to its geopolitical position (both historical and geographical proximity to Europe, Asia and the Middle East), Turkey is in a more advantageous position than other countries in the world in terms of establishing or becoming economically integrated. However, Turkey’s history of economic integration has been rather unsuccessful. The fact that it has not made a sufficient contribution to the integration it has established or attempted to become a member of, and that it has become a unipolar rather than a multipolar integrator, means that it has not achieved sufficient efficiency in terms of international trade. For this reason, our study analyses Turkey’s relationship with Eurasian economic integration, with the idea that Turkey is striving for multipolar integration. In our study, the impact of the Eurasian Economic Integration’s foreign trade with Turkey on Turkey’s economic growth and exports of high-tech products was analysed with the Todo-Yamamoto Co-Integration Test in two periods, 2002-2015 and 2015-2022. Conclusions As a result of the analysis, it is found that Eurasian Economic Integration has a positive effect on Turkey’s economic growth and exports of high-tech products. In the light of the data obtained, it has been assessed that the expansion of economic integration relations with the EEE and the benefits to be derived from the membership relationship will contribute to both Turkey’s economic growth and its technological infrastructure.

POST-SOVIET SPACE MULTILATERAL INTERACTIONS DYNAMICS PROMOTED BY THE INTRAREGIONAL AND EXTRA-REGIONAL ACTORS: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL IMPLICATIONS

The article examines the key aspects of multilateral economic cooperation between the countries of the post-Soviet space. In addition to Eurasian economic integration within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), there are other forms of multilateral economic cooperation in the post-Soviet space, mainly, initiated and promoted by the European Union, China and Turkey. On the other hand, the EAEU also seeks to build foreign economic relations with third countries located outside the pro-Soviet space, for example, by creating free trade areas with them. The article analyzes the main characteristics, prospects, limitations and problems of these types of multilateral economic cooperation, and the main aspects of their interaction.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL APPROACHES TO CREATING A LEGAL MECHANISM FOR INTERACTION BETWEEN THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION AND THE WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION

The research article was prepared as part of a scientific study conducted by the author on improving the theoretical and legal foundations of customs regulation in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU, Union) in cooperation with the World Customs Organization (WCO). A task. To study the organizational and legal basis for the Union’s implementation of the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025 in terms of cooperation with the WCO, as well as to develop a legal mechanism for interaction between the EAEU and the WCO. Conclusions. The article analyzes the rules and procedures of the Working Group on Interaction with the WCO, created in the EAEU, and also offers practical proposals for organizing customs cooperation of the Union with an international customs organization. Social Consequences. Conducting a study is associated with the implementation of paragraph 11.7.5. of Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025 in terms of cooperation with the WCO, as well as Memorandum of Understanding between the Eurasian Economic Commission and the World Customs Organization dated June 17, 2016. Practical value. The results of the study are of interest to the customs cooperation block of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and can be used by specialists of the customs authorities of the Member States of the Union, the EEC experts to organize strategic planning and to form the legal foundations for the modernization of the Union's law. Originality/value. The research material is based on an analysis of the practical aspects of the activities of the Commission, the Customs Services of the Union Member States, the WCO and is the result of a comprehensive study of the issue of improving international customs cooperation.

ACTUAL ISSUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMS COOPERATION OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION WITH THE WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION

A task. To consider current issues of international customs cooperation between the EAEU and the WCO, as well as perform a comprehensive review of scientific researches on the subject of current research. Conclusions. The article comprehensively examines the areas of international customs cooperation between the EAEU and the WCO, which need to be developed within the framework of Eurasian integration. Social Consequences. Conducting a study is associated with the implementation of paragraph 11.7.5. of Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025 in terms of cooperation with the WCO, as well as Memorandum of Understanding between the Eurasian Economic Commission and the World Customs Organization dated June 17, 2016. Practical value. The results of the study are of interest to the customs cooperation block of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and can be used by specialists of the customs authorities of the Member States of the Union, the EEC experts to organize strategic planning and to form the legal foundations for the modernization of the Union's law. The article is recommended to researchers, teachers, students, graduate students and other categories of students in the Russian Customs Academy, in other universities and the WCO regional training centers in the specialties «Customs» and «Jurisprudence». Originality/value. The research material is based on an analysis of the practical aspects of the activities of the Commission, the Customs Services of the Union Member States, the WCO and is the result of a comprehensive study of the issue of improving international customs cooperation.

Eurasian Business in Developing Eurasian Economic Integration

Aim. The study of the involvement of the business community in the development of Eurasian integration through the reflection of their priorities in the decisions and activities of supranational bodies.Tasks. To analyze the problems of reflecting the interests of the business community in Eurasian integration; to consider the related practical interaction of business with supranational bodies on the example of the activities of the EAEU Business Council; to identify areas of development of integration processes within the EAEU that are promising from the point of view of the business community.Methods. The research uses general scientific and special methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, as well as the author’s methodology for assessing business involvement in integration processes has been developed and applied.Results. The conducted analysis of valid strategic documents of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and its supranational bodies using the authors’ technique confirms the considerable and growing role of business in Eurasian economic integration.Conclusions. Trade and investment cooperation under the EAEU demonstrates positive dynamics despite growing international uncertainty and tensions. It is in many ways connected with the proactive stance of Eurasian business, which demonstrates substantial and rising interest towards Eurasian economic integration.The Eurasian supranational bodies pay serious and growing consideration to positions of business community, which positively affect business involvement in institutional dynamics of the EAEU. That is affirmed by adding appropriate tasks to the key documents of the Union and introduction of special mechanisms for promoting business cooperation.

State and Market: The Eurasian Dominant Development in the Context of the Formation of a Multipolar World and Increased Hypercompetition

The article is devoted to the results of the International Scientific Conference “State and Market: the Eurasian dominant development in the conditions of the formation of a multipolar world”, held on October 19–20, 2023 at the St. Petersburg State University of Economics. The conference examined a complex of topical problems of the relationship between the state, market and global networks in the process of deepening Eurasian integration and in the conditions of the formation of a multipolar world. Significant emphasis was placed on the problems of the formation of Eurasian political economy as a science in the conditions of the formation of a multipolar world. Much attention is paid to the specifics and patterns of Eurasian economic integration; the role of the Eurasian Economic Union in these processes is shown; various aspects of economic cooperation with China and other Eurasian countries are considered; the transformation of models of economic development of Eurasian countries under the conditions of sanctions restrictions is considered; Current environmental problems and issues of digital transformation of Eurasian countries were studied.

Применение концепции общего страхового пространства в ЕАЭС: анализ нормативно-правовой базы и экономических эффектов

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the concept of creating a common insurance market of the EAEU n and the prospects for its implementation. The reasons for slowing down this integration process are explored, including significant differences in the approaches of the member states to regulating national insurance markets. Special attention is paid to discrepancies in the legislatively established requirements for the minimum authorized capital of insurers, which vary more than 5 times depending on jurisdiction. Authors identify the key negative effects of such fragmentation of regulation on deepening Eurasian economic integration. Basing on comparative legal and statistical analysis, as well as methods of economic and mathematical modeling, options for harmonizing the regulations under consideration are proposed in order to bring together the EAEU countries’ approaches and shape a common competitive insurance market.

Теория и практика евразийской интеграции. Обзор учебного пособия «Евразийская экономическая интеграция

In the article the authors review the textbook Eurasian Economic Integration: Theory and Practice, written by the authorities and staff of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC). The book considers various aspects of Eurasian economic integration and aims at providing readers with comprehensive understanding of the key institutions and activities of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)

The Management Efficiency of the Enterprise: the Problem of Finding Ways to Improve and Evaluate

This article provides a brief overview of the reports presented at the plenary session of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Eurasian Economic Integration and Sustainable Development in the context of global transformations”, held in April 2023 in Yerevan; the main coordinator of the conference was the Krasnodar Foundation “Scientific and Educational Initiatives of Kuban”. The most significant provisions of the reports presented at the conference in the context of promoting Eurasian integration and ensuring sustainable socio-economic development in the context of global transformation are presented. Both common and controversial points have been identified in the positions of most of the authors of the reports regarding the goals and tools for intensifying integration processes and revealing the possibilities of implementing sustainable development strategies in the post-Soviet space, the formation of an updated and effective nationally oriented economic model. The largest number of productive ideas and practice-oriented recommendations on the issues discussed were expressed regarding the opportunities and prospects for strengthening the economies of Russia and Armenia. It seems that the proposals expressed in the reports and the analysis contained in them, as well as the positive experience of managing in a ­modern volatile economy demonstrated during the discussions, are of significant interest for studying, developing and possible application both conceptually and practically for those who are interested in scientific and organizational and managerial aspects of modern integration in the context of sustainable development.

Exhaustion of rights and parallel import: legal assessment from the point of view of security

In the context of external challenges and threats, integration and digitalization of the economy, attention is growing to the issues of exhaustion of rights or parallel imports. The article considers the issues of exhaustion of exclusive rights to intellectual property objects from the point of view of ensuring security.The object of the study is the model of exhaustion of exclusive intellectual property rights in Russia, its features from the point of view of ensuring various types and levels of security. Based on the proposed periodization of the legal regulation of exhaustion of rights in Russia in the context of Eurasian economic integration, the author examines the formed model of exhaustion of intellectual property rights, highlights its features, identifies options for its scientific justification from the standpoint of ensuring national security in the context of internal and external threats.Methods of systemic, historical and institutional analysis, formal logical and comparative legal methods were used. The author proposes a periodization of the legal regulation of exhaustion of rights in Russia in the context of Eurasian economic integration, a classification of participants in legal relations directly or indirectly involved in the mechanisms of creation, use and turnover of intellectual property rights. Attention is drawn to three aspects of the mechanism of exhaustion of rights that has developed and is developing in Russia: the conceptual apparatus of the mechanism, the complexity and multilevel nature of the security provided by it and the mobile nature of the mechanism of exhaustion of rights. Conclusion are drawn that in modern Russia the established model of exhaustion of rights, combining elements of regional and international principles of exhaustion, can be considered as a way to counteract sanctions pressure, measures to protect domestic copyright holders, producers and consumers, measures to support the domestic economy, conditions for the formation and strengthening of technological sovereignty. It is proved that the established correlation of various models of exhaustion of rights in Russia reflects the dominance of aspects of national security protection, the strengthening of economic components of intellectual property rights protection.

Технологическое сотрудничество государств-членов ЕАЭС: перспективы для экспорта российских ИТ-решений

Scientific and technical cooperation is one of the pillars of Eurasian economic integration. The association is faced with the task of transforming into a territory of innovation, and ICTs are declared as a priority area of scientific and technical cooperation. It is highlighted that the potential for cooperation in the ICT sector has not been sufficiently realized: the mutual ICT trade is insignificant. The export of Russian information technologies to the markets of EAEU partners also has the potential to increase. The strategic priorities of Russia in the field of technological cooperation within the EAEU are identified. It is stated that the EAEU market can become a promising direction for Russian ICT export, especially within the context of sanctions pressure. Mechanisms for ensuring Russian economic interests in the EAEU digital space are identified.

Current Issues of International Legal Regulation of the Convergence of Transport and Logistics Systems within the EAEU

With the development of integration processes on the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union, the convergence of transport and logistics systems is a necessary condition for both transport connectivity and the development of trade relations. The current geopolitical situation, which led to an increase in traffic and within the EEU and the redirection of transport flows to the East, requires a change in the paradigm of the legal regulation of the transport industry at the interstate level.Aim . Reveal the main problems of international legal regulation of the convergence of transport and logistics ecosystems in the Eurasian region.Tasks. It is proposed to consider the main trends of the formation of an array of legal regulation of the transport and logistics industry in the EAEU as part of the implementation of a common transport policy and the implementation of major infrastructure projects, such as the Eurasian transport framework, to analyze the relevance of the main EAEU documents in the field of transport and logistics, to present the basic elements of the new paradigm of the EAEU unified transport system, including railway transport.Methods. When conducting the research, comparative-legal, formal-legal methods, synthesis, deduction, induction, as well as abstraction and the systematic method were used.Results . The necessity of a significant change in the approach to the formation of an effective model of international legal regulation of transport integration within the EAEU, clarification of the main directions of a common transport policy of the member states of the association, ensuring its competitiveness at the world level, transport and technological sovereignty of Russia and other partner countries, full realization of the transit potential of the union, as well as the effective functioning of the industry in the conditions of Industry 4.0 is substantiated.Conclusions . The proposed integrated approach will make it possible to fully implement the adopted Strategic Directions for the development of Eurasian economic integration until 2025, to lay the foundations for a new stage of integration of transport and logistics systems within the EAEU with the achievement of the set significant milestones in the interests of the countries and peoples of our integration association.

Manufacturing industry potential of the Kyrgyz Republic in Eurasian economic integration

The Kyrgyz Republic, as a developing country with a socialist past, has great opportunities for further economic development. An important factor to consider is the growth of the manufacturing industry, which highlights the significance of analyzing this sector within the country. This study centers on the potential contribution of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), of which Kyrgyzstan is a constituent, towards the advancement of this industry. The research aimed to evaluate the current manufacturing capacity of the Kyrgyz Republic in the industrial sector and to comprehend the influence of the EAEU on industry growth. The main methods that were used during the writing of the research were analysis, forecasting, abstraction, and historical analysis. The work analyzed the industrial sector of Kyrgyzstan within the framework of its integration into the EAEU. The research assessed the historical background of Kyrgyzstan’s accession to the EAEU and the subsequent harmonization of national legislation with the provisions and requirements of the union. In addition, data comparing the industrial production and growth rates of Kyrgyzstan, Armenia, and Kazakhstan have been presented, highlighting notable trends and differences. The work examines specific components of the manufacturing industry of the Kyrgyz Republic, the manufacture of food, beverages, and tobacco products; rubber and plastic manufacture, and non-metallic mineral goods; manufacturing of basic metals and metal products (excluding machinery and equipment); and supply of electricity, gas, steam, and conditioned air. It also talks about the manufacturing sector's importance in Kyrgyzstan, current trends, and possible future improvements, and it enables the assessment of the country's involvement in the EAEU.

Establishing scientific educational space within the university: factors contributing to successful Eurasian integration

Introduction. The problem of the article is to focus on a range of aspects in the field of integration of science and higher education, which play an important role in the process of establishing the Eurasian scientific and educational space. The purpose of the article is to identify factors contributing to successful Eurasian integration in the process of establishing scientific educational space within the university. Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is made up of general scientific (philosophical) methods and a systematic approach. The subject of the study required the use of a combination of different approaches, primarily systemic, which allowed to conduct the correct analysis of applying historically established and modern educational technologies and practices in Eurasian education, as well as to describe some aspects of the effective integration of science and education in the Eurasian space. The object of the study is the experience of the University under the IPA EurAsEC on developing a system of scientific, organizational, research, publishing and educational activities in the Eurasian space. The authors used the following research methods: comparative, historical, interdisciplinary, content analysis method, etc. Results. The article considers the experience of using methods of ethno pedagogy in preparing innovative staff for the Eurasian space as a means of developing scientific and educational cooperation, expanding Eurasian integration, and giving it a humanitarian dimension. The authors substantiate the idea that strengthening and expanding the capabilities and needs of a unified Eurasian scientific and educational space should be considered as conditions for achieving effective cooperation in the field of science and education, allowing to restore professional communication of researchers from different Eurasian countries, update the content of higher education and contribute to bringing new scientific knowledge to the scientific community. The authors emphasize that a significant contribution to the development of the Eurasian integration process is made by the University under the IPA EurAsEC, which initiated a number of international projects contributing to the inclusion of new scientific knowledge and methods in the educational process within the framework of Eurasian economic integration. Conclusions. The article concludes about the values of higher education and about a need for integrating science and education as a basis for further development of Eurasian integration process. The authors draw the conclusion that today integration must be based on the historical experience of cooperation between Eurasian states in the field of science and education. Such interaction is considered to be the basis for further successful integration.

Евразийская экономическая интеграция: состояние и перспективы развития

Автором исследованы основные этапы развития Евразийского экономического союза. Предмет исследования – стратегии и механизмы развития ЕАЭС (Евразийского экономического союза), как субъекта международной интеграции. Приводятся показатели состояния экономики ЕАЭС. На основании проведенного анализа выявлен ряд проблем экономического характера, на основании которых предложены перспективные направления развития ЕАЭС в современных условиях трансформации мирового порядка. В качестве новаторского предложения в числе направлений развития ЕАЭС отмечена важность включения социальной составляющей в евразийскую интеграционную повестку путем передачи на уровень Союза соответствующих компетенций, чего не было сделано ранее. Существующая разница человеческого потенциала в странах негативно влияет на эффективность и единовременность их перехода к новым технологиям. Это провоцирует замедление интеграционных процессов в любой социально-экономической системе. Межгосударственное взаимодействие создает социальные выгоды и повышение уровня жизни населения в каждом государстве-члене, способствует удовлетворенности населения существующей экономической системой и укрепляет основу интеграционного развития. Анализ реализуемых стратегических документов позволил сделать вывод о возможности реализации прогрессивного варианта развития ЕАЭС в текущий период, развития и усиления роли ЕАЭС в мировой экономике, создания предпосылок для перехода к новой модели экономического роста регионального объединения. Прогрессивный вариант предполагает углубление и выход евразийской экономической интеграции за рамки существующей модели, обозначенной Договором о ЕАЭС. Предполагается, что такой вариант развития, основанный на регулярной стратегически ориентированной работе, будет способствовать общему росту интеграционных эффектов, в том числе созданию инновационной системы, наращиванию интеллектуального потенциала, строительству экономики знаний на базе цифровой трансформации всех отраслей экономики и секторов жизни общества, включая цифровую экономику, которая соответствовала бы сложности и комплексности происходящих процессов. The author studies the main stages of the development of the Eurasian Economic Union. The subject of the study is the strategies and mechanisms of development of the EAEU (Eurasian Economic Union) as a subject of international integration. The indicators of the state of the EAEU economy are given. Based on the analysis, a number of economic problems have been identified, on the basis of which promising directions for the development of the EAEU in modern conditions of transformation of the world order have been proposed. As an innovative proposal, among the directions of development of the EAEU, the importance of including the social component in the Eurasian integration agenda by transferring relevant competencies to the Union level, which was not done before, was noted. The existing difference in human potential in countries negatively affects the efficiency and the one-time nature of their transition to new technologies. This provokes a slowdown in integration processes in any socio-economic system. Interstate interaction creates social benefits and an increase in the standard of living of the population in each Member State, contributes to the satisfaction of the population from the existing economic system and strengthens the basis of integration development. The analysis of the strategic documents being implemented allowed us to conclude that it is possible to implement a progressive version of the development of the EAEU in the current period, the development and strengthening of the role of the EAEU in the global economy, the creation of prerequisites for the transition to a new model of economic growth of the regional association. The progressive option involves the deepening and exit of the Eurasian economic integration beyond the existing model outlined by the Treaty on the EAEU. It is assumed that such a development option based on regular strategically oriented work will contribute to the overall growth of integration effects, including the creation of an innovation system, building intellectual potential, building a knowledge economy based on the digital transformation of all sectors of the economy and sectors of society, including the digital economy, which would correspond to the complexity and complexity of the ongoing processes.

Sustainable Development Management through Social Policy Instruments of the Eurasian Economic Union (Part 1)

The article deals with the issue of the relevance of improving the social policy of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union through the mechanism of “transinstitutional cooperation” (TC) proposed by the authors of the work. It represents interstate integration within the framework of the joint i mprovement of one or more public policy instruments (including social policy). The topic of the welfare state is discussed in the context of studying various areas of the socio-economic life of the EAEU members: the main political and legal document of the country — the Constitution, the national taxation system, quality of life indicators, the level of the shadow economy, the level of social inequality of different segments of the population, etc. The effectiveness of using various social policy instruments of the EAEU countries is compared in order to identify strengths and weaknesses, as well as the potential for their improvement within the framework of “institutional cooperation”.Aim. Taking into account the above, the purpose of the study was to analyze the patterns of development of the social policy of the Russian Federation, the republics of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia, to consider their weaknesses and points of growth in order to identify the potential for strengthening integration ties based on the unification of social development tools.Task. To analyze various areas of social life of the EAEU member countries, identify similarities in development trends in order to create a basis for the formation of unified socio-economic transformations. To demonstrate social tools for the development of “transinstitutional interaction” within the boundaries of the Eurasian Economic Union.Methods. The following methods were used in the article: comparative analysis — to compare the effectiveness of social policy instruments in the EAEU countries, content analysis — when analyzing documents (constitutions) of EAEU members to identify signs that allow identifying the state as a social one, as well as formal-logical analysis — when clarifying the concepts “welfare state” and “institutional cooperation”.Results. Based on the results of the study, the principles of the “welfare state” are considered on the example of the member countries of the Eurasian economic integration, the economic essence of “institutional cooperation” is formulated and proposed for implementation, designed to develop interethnic relations both within the union and beyond. A comprehensive analysis of the instruments of social policy of all participants in the Eurasian integration has been carried out, and recommendations for improving the instruments have been proposed.Conclusion. The accumulating unresolved issues of an internal nature are forcing the leadership of the members of the Eurasian Economic Union to accelerate the processes of building an unconditional policy of the welfare state. The solution of such “social modernization” alone seems difficult to implement, in this regard, it is proposed to take the path of a collective solution of the social issue through a unidirectional, unified social policy built on the basis of “transinstitutional cooperation”. The conducted analysis of social policy instruments lays down the priorities in the development of mechanisms of “transinstitutional cooperation” by the members of the EAEU. The Republics of Kyrgyzstan, Armenia and Kazakhstan should focus on developing a unified strategy for youth and migration policies, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus should focus on issues such as population aging, providing older citizens with pension savings, and encouraging the development of family and maternity institutions.

SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE CREATION OF A DATA MATRIX AS A PRIORITY INSTRUMENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE «SINGLE WINDOW» MECHANISM IN THE MEMBER STATES OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION

The research article was prepared as part of a scientific study conducted by the author on improving the theoretical and legal foundations of customs regulation in the Eurasian Economic Union (Union, EAEU) in the framework of interaction with the World Customs Organization. A task. To form scientific and methodological approaches to the creation of a Data Matrix as a priority tool for the development of «the single window» mechanism in the Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union (data matrix). Conclusions. The research article is devoted to the issue of creating a Data Matrix as part of the implementation of clause 9.4. of the Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025 (Strategic Directions). The methodological approaches formed in the article, as well as proposals, can be used in the course of expert work on improving customs regulation and trade facilitation in the EAEU. Social Consequences. The study is associated with the implementation of the Strategic Directions in direction 9 in terms of the Commission, together with the Member States, working to develop priority instruments for implementing the «single window» mechanism in the foreign trade regulation system. Practical value. The results of the study are of interest to the customs cooperation bloc of the Commission and can be used by its experts as part of the work of the Commission's Working group to develop priority instruments for implementing the «single window» mechanism in the foreign trade regulation system. The article is recommended to researchers, teachers, students, graduate students and other categories of students in the Russian Customs Academy, in other universities and the WCO regional training centers in the specialties «Customs» and «Jurisprudence». Originality/value. The research material is based on an analysis of the practical aspects of the Commission's activities and is the result of a comprehensive study of the issue of improving Union law and trade facilitation procedures based on the best practices of customs regulation.

METHODOLOGY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AND TOOLS OF THE WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION

The research article was prepared as part of a scientific study conducted by the author on improving the theoretical and legal foundations of customs regulation in the Eurasian Economic Union in the framework of interaction with the World Customs Organization. A task. Develop a methodology for classifying and analyzing the legal instruments and tools of the World Customs Organization (WCO). Conclusions. The article presents methodological approaches for the classification of the WCO legal instruments and tools in the context of customs law institutions, which were developed over the period 1950 - 2020. Here are the results of a practical analysis of these legal means. The general dynamics of the creation of the WCO legal instruments and tools is analyzed, an analysis is made in the context of their forms, as well as the areas of the WCO activity. The subject of the study is the WCO legal instruments and tools. The analysis carried out makes it possible to characterize in dynamics the WCO activities in the development of legal instruments and tools, as well as to characterize (based on the obtained statistical data) the WCO legal developments. Social Consequences. Conducting a study is associated with the implementation of paragraph 11.7.5. of Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025 in terms of working out the possibility of joining the Eurasian Economic Union to the fundamental documents (legal instruments and tools - note) of the World Customs Organization. Practical value. The results of the study are of interest to the customs cooperation bloc of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and can be used by specialists of the customs authorities of the Member States of the Union, the EEC experts to organize strategic planning and to form the legal foundations for the modernization of the Union's law. The article is recommended to researchers, teachers, students, graduate students and other categories of students in the Russian Customs Academy, in other universities and the WCO regional training centers in the specialties «Customs» and «Jurisprudence». Originality/value. The research material is based on an analysis of the practical aspects of the activities of the EEC, the customs authorities of the Member States of the Union and is the result of a comprehensive study of the issue on improvement the law of the Union based on best practices of customs regulation and the legal instruments and tools of the World Customs Organization.