Euphrates In Iraq Research Articles

Various Applications of Dynamic Programming (D.P.) in the Iraqi Economy

The main objective of this research is to conduct some applications of dynamic programming in the Iraqi economy in order to determine the optimal solution, such as distributing investments among some economic sectors or finding the shortest distance between provinces using the Bellman-Ford algorithm. This includes providing some hypothetical examples of other dynamic programming methods such as the traveling salesman problem or the captain's ship model, as it is sometimes called. Dynamic programming revolves around cost reduction and maximizing returns, also known as optimality. Practical studies have been conducted on the shortest distance between provinces of Middle Euphrates in Iraq, in addition to applying the knapsack method to maximize returns in some economic sectors in Iraq for the year 2007.

The Relationship between Psychological Wellbeing and Self- Care among Elderly Residents in Iraq

Aging is described as progressive change in psychological, biological and social structure of persons. Theadvanced age contributed negatively to self-care. The relocation to care homes considered as stressful eventfor the elderly people. The purpose of this study to find the relationship between psychological well-beingand self-care among the elderly residents at nursing homes in middle Euphrates in Iraq. A descriptivecorrelationaldesign was used to gather the information from the sample of 60 participants in nursing homes.The study has been carried out from November, 1st, 2019 to August, 2020. Purposive sample used to collectthe data according to some criteria. The data collected by means of Ryff scales of psychological well-being(shorten version) and self-care questionnaire as well as the socio-demographical of study sample. The datacollected by using structured interview technique with the elderly residents in nursing homes. The datacollected by means of Ryff scales of psychological well-being (shorten version) and self-care questionnaire aswell as the socio-demographical of study sample. The data collected by using structured interview techniquewith the elderly residents in nursing homes. The results of study indicate that a relationship exists betweenpsychological well-being and self-care among the elderly residents in nursing homes. As the relationshipbetween the two variables is a high significant positive relationship (r = 0.721). The recommendations focuson managing the problems existing among the elderly and monitoring their psychological state. Establishingeducational programs on how to focus on the psychological and physical aspects. In addition, increasingleisure trips to various places.

The Relation of common ABL kinase domain mutations with resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibiters in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Middle Euphrates of Iraq

Background : Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disease, associated with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and chromosome 22, lead to the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene (Philadelphia chromosome). This fusion gene is believed to play golden role in the initial development of CML with constitutive tyrosine kinase activation.
 Successful use of tyrosine kinase inhibiters (TKIs) play a role in improve survival and increase prevalence of CML, but un fortunately mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domain may cause, or contribute to increase, resistance to TKIs in CML patients. .
 Objective: This study was designed to assess the association of five most common BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations (T315I, M351T, E255K, M244V and E255V) with resistance state of CML patients on TKIs in Iraqi Middle Euphrates region.
 Patients and methods: A retrospective case-control study in which 85 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (45 patients as cases group and 40 patient as control group) were selected from three hemato-oncology centers in middle Euphrates in Iraq during the period from January 2016 till October 2016 out of a total of 240 CML patients ( 108 male and 132 female) who were registered during this period in these three centers and all patients on TKI (Imatinib and Nilotinib). Venous blood sampling done for BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations screening.
 Results: four patients from cases group (4/45) were carriers of one of five selected ABL kinase domain mutations and no one of control group. T315I mutation was detected in 3/45 (6.6 %) of resistant patients, with a significant risk association to develop resistance to TKI therapy (odd ratio and C. I. ) (6.67, 0.3340 -133.2255). E255V was detected in 1/45 ( 2.2 %) and also had significant risk association to develop resistance to TKIs( odd ratio, C.I.) (2.73, 0.1081 -68.9424). No one of these mutation had significance correlation with demographic or hematological features. M351T, E255K and M244V were not detected in any one of our study groups CML patients.
 Conclusions: T315I and E255V among five ABL kinas domain mutations were detected in our CML patients with resistance to TKIs. All of them may play a role in development variable degree of resistance to first and second generation TKIs weather primary or secondary.T315I mutation is most common mutation within BCR-ABL domain kinase gene.

The Prevalence of G250E and Y253F among ABL Kinase Domain Mutations and its Relation with Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with CML in Middle Euphrates of Iraq

The Prevalence of G250E and Y253F among ABL Kinase Domain Mutations and its Relation with Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with CML in Middle Euphrates of Iraq

Relation of common ABL kinase domain mutations with resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibiters in patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Middle Euphrates of Iraq

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell disease, associated with a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and chromosome 22, lead to the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene (Philadelphia chromosome). This fusion gene is believed to play golden role in the initial development of CML with constitutive tyrosine kinase activation. Successful use of tyrosine kinase inhibiters (TKIs) play a role in improve survival and increase prevalence of CML, but un fortunately mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domain may cause, or contribute to increase, resistance to TKIs in CML patients. This study was designed to assess the association of five most common BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations (T315I, M351T, E255K, M244V and E255V) with resistance state of CML patients on TKIs in Iraqi Middle Euphrates region. A retrospective case-control study in which 85 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (45 patients as cases group and 40 patient as control group) were selected from three hemato-oncology centers in middle Euphrates in Iraq during the period from January 2016 till October 2016 out of a total of 240 CML patients ( 108 male and 132 female) who were registered during this period in these three centers and all patients on TKI (Imatinib and Nilotinib). Venous blood sampling done for BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations screening. four patients from cases group (4/45) were carriers of one of five selected ABL kinase domain mutations and no one of control group. T315I mutation was detected in 3/45 (6.6 %) of resistant patients, with a significant risk association to develop resistance to TKI therapy (odd ratio and C. I. ) (6.67, 0.3340 -133.2255). E255V was detected in 1/45 ( 2.2 %) and also had significant risk association to develop resistance to TKIs( odd ratio, C.I.) (2.73, 0.1081 -68.9424). No one of these mutation had significance correlation with demographic or hematological features. M351T, E255K and M244V were not detected in any one of our study groups CML patients. T315I and E255V among five ABL kinas domain mutations were detected in our CML patients with resistance to TKIs. All of them may play a role in development variable degree of resistance to first and second generation TKIs weather primary or secondary.T315I mutation is most common mutation within BCR-ABL domain kinase gene.

Evaluation of molecular monitoring and response milestone of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Middle Euphrates of Iraq

Background: In the last decade, tremendous changes occurred in the treatment and follow-up of the patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), with continuous update in the close molecular monitoring of treatment for the presence of minimal residual disease. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the molecular monitoring of patients with CML on tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment and categorization of those patients according to the European Leukemia Net (ELN) guidelines. Materials and Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted among all patients with CML registered in Oncology and Hematology Centers in Middle Euphrates of Iraq including 244 patients from April 2013 to April 2016. Eligible patients were 199 cases while 45 cases were excluded from the study. Venous blood in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was collected with each time of molecular monitoring to assess the level of messenger RNA of breakpoint cluster region-Abelson (BCR-ABL) by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (Cepheid, Gene Xpert Diagnostic System). Results: Most of the patients were in young adult age group with disease predominance more in females than males. Majority of the patients (72%) achieved optimal response after 12 months of treatment according to the ELN guidelines and 28% showed primary resistance to TKI. Some patients with optimal response (9%) will develop secondary resistance to treatment. Conclusion: Most of our patients achieved major molecular response after 12 months of treatment with TKI according to the ELN guidelines that reflect proper management and regular follow-up of the patients by quantitative RT-PCR for the detection of BCR-ABL level.

The Impact of Karkheh Dam Construction on Reducing the Extent of Wetlands of Hoor-Alazim

Hoor-Alazim wetland in the southwest part of Iran at Khozestan province is located in Iran and Iraq borderline. The wetland extent depends on the entering river sediments and its supply. Hoor-Alazim is affected by the torrential sediments of rivers such as Tigris and Euphrates in Iraq and Karkheh in Iran. By 1998, Iran has started to exploit from the largest dam on Karkheh River, this river is one of the largest watery sources in Hoor-Alazim wetland. To supply with water of the dam caused to decline the quantity of entering water to the wetland and following it, the wetland extend has been reduced remarkably. Although various studies have been performed about the Hoor-Alazim wetland and it’s expansion, no study has been yet conducted about the quantity of the entering water to the wetland. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the quantity (discharge and rainfall) entering water to the wetland during a certain statistical period in 3 hydrometric stations of Karkheh watershed basin (Hufel, Neisan, Hamidieh). To achieve the purposes of this research, researchers used the recorded data and information from the Khuzestan Water and Power Authority during the last 40 years using SPSS, GIS, and RS. Also, these influenced the wetland expansion and also finally the dust production in Ahvaz city was examined. Results from this study showed that the main factor which reduced wetland expansion is the reduction of entering water to it caused by the Karkheh River drainage. Despite the rain rate in the recent years which hadn’t changed significantly, the amount of the entering water to the wetland was reduced. According to the results, the wetland expansion has changed from 900 km2 by 1991 to about 300 km2 by 2008.

Study on Clinical Mastitis (Bacteriological) in She-Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Some Areas of Middle Euphrates in Iraq

The lack of information about mastitis in camels in Iraq has stimulated this research in desert lands of AL-Najaf and Al-Qadissiya provinces. The study is concerned with determining the overall infection, percentage of clinical mastitis according to age, stages of lactation and the number of calving, as well as detection the susceptibility of isolated microorganism to the antimicrobial drugs. 402 quarters of 141 lactating she-camels were examined.Result of this study show that percentage of clinical mastitis was 5.22 % and 11.35% for quarters and animals respectively. 23.81% and 18.75% of quarters and animals respectively were showed acute form of mastitis, whereas 57.15% and 56.25% which identified as chronic form for quarters and animals respectively, also result showed that 19.04% samples identified as bland teats.Gram positive bacterial isolates was (76.19%) including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hycus, Streptococcus agalactiae , Micrococcus luteus, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, whereas gram negative bacterial isolates was (23.8%) which included Mannhiemia haemolytica Salmonilla spp and, Klibcilla pneumonia. The results of study showed that varieties of ages and number of calving were not significant differences (≤ 0.01) on clinical mastitis in Iraqi she-camels.Antimicrobial drugs against bacterial isolates showed high susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, sulphthazin/Trimethiprim, Gentamicin, and Tetracycline, others antimicrobial Chloramphenicol, and Streptomycin showed moderate sensitivity, while all bacterial isolates were found resistant to Ampicillin, Erthromycine and Trimethiprime

クルナ水没文化財引き揚げ調査団報告第一次 (1971〜1972年)

In 1855, more than 200 cases of the Assyrian antiquities which had been excavated by V. Place at the site of Khorsabad, containing the antiquities of Kuyunjik, Nimrud and Babylon, were sunken in the Tigris and the Chatt-el-Arab near Qurnah, where the Tigris conflicts with the Euphrates in Iraq, on the way to France. The Japan Mission for the Survey of the Under-Water Antiquities at Qurnah, under the auspices of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan, the Directorate General of Antiquities of Iraqi Government and the Chunichi Newspapers, commenced the excavation of the first season on the first October, 1971 and continued it until 31 January, 1972.In the first phase, we established, first of all, what seemed to be most fruitful area according to the thourough study of documentations in hand. The salvage group concentrated their work for the antiquities in the Tigris from joint-point with the Euphrates to the distance of 7Km upstream. We conducted our researches to the river-bed-layers, having attempted to cover the entire area from the surface of the water, by the use of what is known as “sonostrater”. Then according to the result of the record of the instrument, we excavated more than 20 points of the river-bed by a dredger and made sounding by divers with boring-sticks. However, unfortunately, we could not locate any antiquities for which we had been searching. Nevertheless we gained considerable amount of natural and artificial materials for studing the geology of the river-bed-layers and the archaeological analysis of their contents. These materials seem to be very important, since the result of studies might become one of the most useful detector for locating and salvaging the expected relics in the coming season.In the second phase, the scholarly group made reseaches especially from the geographical, archaeological and historical points of view. In rather wide an area along the Tigris from Qurnah up to Azer, we made observations along the river-banks and collected stones, bricks and potteries found nearby. We visited the old men in the villages and gathered what seemed to be most important and valuable informations seemingly related to our project. On the other hand, we have tried to collect the air photographs, old maps and reports of explorations in the 19th century especially of the area of the lower Tigris. we attempted the best we could in order to obtain the related documentations until the end of our first season. However, contrary to our expectation, we could not procure them all in the shortage of time. Nevertheless, the results seem to be not small. Some maps and their scrutinizing study would undoubtedly give very important suggestions for the future researches of the sunken antiquities. So, we think, on the whole, our work of the first season might be regarded as successful, though we could not recover any antiquities.

THE REPORT OF THE JAPAN MISSION FOR THE SURVEY OF THE UNDER-WATER ANTIQUITIES AT QURNAH THE FIRST SEASON (1971-1972)

In 1855, more than 200 cases of the Assyrian antiquities which had been excavated by V. Place at the site of Khorsabad, containing the antiquities of Kuyunjik, Nimrud and Babylon, were sunken in the Tigris and the Chatt-el-Arab near Qurnah, where the Tigris conflicts with the Euphrates in Iraq, on the way to France. The Japan Mission for the Survey of the Under-Water Antiquities at Qurnah, under the auspices of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan, the Directorate General of Antiquities of Iraqi Government and the Chunichi Newspapers, commenced the excavation of the first season on the first October, 1971 and continued it until 31 January, 1972.In the first phase, we established, first of all, what seemed to be most fruitful area according to the thourough study of documentations in hand. The salvage group concentrated their work for the antiquities in the Tigris from joint-point with the Euphrates to the distance of 7Km upstream. We conducted our researches to the river-bed-layers, having attempted to cover the entire area from the surface of the water, by the use of what is known as “sonostrater”. Then according to the result of the record of the instrument, we excavated more than 20 points of the river-bed by a dredger and made sounding by divers with boring-sticks. However, unfortunately, we could not locate any antiquities for which we had been searching. Nevertheless we gained considerable amount of natural and artificial materials for studing the geology of the river-bed-layers and the archaeological analysis of their contents. These materials seem to be very important, since the result of studies might become one of the most useful detector for locating and salvaging the expected relics in the coming season.In the second phase, the scholarly group made reseaches especially from the geographical, archaeological and historical points of view. In rather wide an area along the Tigris from Qurnah up to Azer, we made observations along the river-banks and collected stones, bricks and potteries found nearby. We visited the old men in the villages and gathered what seemed to be most important and valuable informations seemingly related to our project. On the other hand, we have tried to collect the air photographs, old maps and reports of explorations in the 19th century especially of the area of the lower Tigris. we attempted the best we could in order to obtain the related documentations until the end of our first season. However, contrary to our expectation, we could not procure them all in the shortage of time. Nevertheless, the results seem to be not small. Some maps and their scrutinizing study would undoubtedly give very important suggestions for the future researches of the sunken antiquities. So, we think, on the whole, our work of the first season might be regarded as successful, though we could not recover any antiquities.