Eukinetic Type Research Articles

Cardiological and Psychophysiological Reaction of Schoolchildren with Different Types of Central Gemodynamics to Prolonged Physical Activity

The present paper considers the issues of optimizing the construction of a lesson of recreational physical education by differentiating the load on the basis of data on the physical fitness of students. It also touches upon the question of the response of stress-realizing systems of schoolchildren to the physical work performed. The aim of the study is to investigate the cardiologic and psychophysiologic response of schoolchildren with different types of central hemodynamics to prolonged physical workload. Methodology. Cardiologic and psychophysiologic parameters of 74 male students aged 12–13 years were studied. The sample included only practically healthy individuals without severe chronic and acute diseases. All students were divided into three groups by physical fitness (based on the results of the PWC170 test) and three subgroups by the type of central hemodynamics (according to N.N. Savitsky: hypokinetic, eukinetic, hyperkinetic). Heart rate and attention response to running exercise of different durations with excellent rest intervals and response were evaluated. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate different reactions of schoolchildren with different types of central hemodynamics to prolonged physical load: the hypokinetic type had stable heart rate values during the load, better recovery after the load and the least decrease in attention according to the B. Bourdon test. The hyperkinetic type, on the contrary, had unstable dynamics of heart rate during exercise, the lowest rate of heart rate recovery and a pronounced decrease in attention. The eukinetic type had average performance on all tests. The results of the study can be used as a tool to optimize the methodology of the educational process through the most effective dosing of the load.

Интраренальная и центральная гемодинамики после травмы почки Grade I‑III: существует ли прямая причинно-следственная связь с посттравматической артериальной гипертензией?

Introduction. Mechanical kidney injuries lead to renal dysfunction and vasospastic reaction, resulting in adaptive reactions of the organism, with the possibility of formation of secondary arterial hypertension. Purpose of the study: to determine the types of central gemodynamics, intrarenal blood flow characteristics, correlation interrelations of indices and to estimate the risks of secondary posttraumatic arterial hypertension development after Grade I-III kidney injury. Material and methods. Systemic hemodynamic parameters with identification of blood circulation type and intrarenal hemodynamic parameters were studied in 196 male victims in the posttraumatic period, the control group consisted of 30 men. During statistical processing Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and linear regression coefficient of determination (r2) were additionally calculated. Results. After kidney injury, the organ blood flow velocity was increased from 12,5% to 31,2%, resistance index (RI) increased from 4,7% to 44,8%, and pulsation index (PI) decreased from 9,2% to 41,2%. The indices of intrarenal vascular resistance were in negative from very strong to medium strength correlation with the parameters of systemic hemodynamics in the following gradation structure by decreasing strength: total peripheral resistance → diastolic blood pressure → systolic blood pressure → mean arterial pressure → stroke volume → cardiac index → minute volume of blood. Hypokinetic type steadily prevailed in central hemodynamics, the share of eukinetic type increased, and hyper-kinetic type of hemodynamics remained at a constant level. Conclusion. After kidney injury of non-critical severity the ascertained parameters of systemic and organ hemodynamics do not possess predictive power for realization of direct causal relationship in the development of secondary renoparenchymatous arterial hypertension.

ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО СТАНУ ОРГАНІЗМУ СТУДЕНТОК ПЕРШОГО РОКУ НАВЧАННЯ ІЗ РІЗНИМ ТИПОМ ГЕМОДИНАМІКИ

Differences in the regulatory effects of cardiovascular mechanisms and heart rate variability in female students of the first year of study are considered in this article. A lot of changes occur in the social sphere and in the psychophysiological state of the students' bodies after admission to the higher educational school. Adaptive processes are multi-level and are accompanied by stress on body systems. The most striking functional changes in the body are manifested in changes in the state and functions of the cardiovascular system. The circulatory system is one of the first to be involved in the formation of adaptive reactions under the reflex-regulatory control of the ANS. Individuals with different types of blood circulation are characterized by different adaptation possibilities and different degrees of resistance to the action of extreme influences. The conditions of educational activity in the specialty at the university will be an extreme factor for students of the first year.
 In order to evaluate central hemodynamic parameters, height and body weight indicators, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (BPs), diastolic blood pressure (BPd) were obtained at rest. Based on them, the following are calculated: pulse blood pressure (BP), systolic blood volume (SBV), minute blood volume (MBV), body surface area (S), cardiac index (CI). The regulatory effects of ANS were determined by heart rate indicators. Cardio intervals were registered and recorded for 5 minutes. Indicators of vegetative homeostasis were calculated according to the formulas of Baevsky R.M.
 According to CI indicators, the subject contingent was divided into groups according to the type of hemodynamics: eukinetic (n=70) and hyperkinetic (n=53).
 The obtained results showed the absence of significant differences in body weight and growth indicators between groups (p ≥ 0.05).
 The differences between groups were in indicators of central hemodynamics and heart rhythm. It was established that in students with a eukinetic type of central hemodynamics, adaptation to the conditions of a higher educational institution was ensured by optimal adaptive mechanisms - low HR, SBV, MBV and HVR. This indicates the economy in the work of the circulatory system and the predominance of parasympathetic regulation. In students with a hyperkinetic type high HR and SBV, MBV, HVR were recorded (p ≤ 0.05), which indicated an increase in the work of the circulatory system and the activity of the sympathetic branch of the ANS.
 These indicators in both groups were within the normal range, but in the group with the hyperkinetic type they approached the upper limit (p ≤ 0.05). This indicated an increase in the stress on the regulatory mechanisms in maintaining vegetative homeostasis and the stress on the body's functional reserves of students of this group.

Albumin solution as an important component of intensive infusion therapy in women with preeclampsia

The aim of the study is to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of albumin solution in intensive infusion therapy for pregnant women with preeclampsia based on measuring indicators of central and peripheral hemodynamics, body water compartments, and markers of inflammation. 60 women were divided into two groups and examined. The first group (n=30) included women whose average age was 30.06±5.13 years, gestation period – 260.18±6.34 days. 16.7% of women in this group had moderate preeclampsia, 83.3% – severe preeclampsia. Patients of this group received standard intensive infusion therapy according to approved treatment protocols. The second group (n=30) included women, whose average age was 30.62±6.02 years, and pregnancy period 258.75±5.74 days. The patients of this group received intensive infusion therapy, like the women of the first group but in combination with a continuous infusion of a 20% albumin solution (8 ml/h – on the 1 st day; 4 ml/h – on the 2nd and 3rd day) and furosemide (0.05 mg/kg/h – on the 1st day; 0.025 mg/kg/h – on the 2nd and 3rd day) for 72 hours starting from the moment of the end of vaginal delivery or Cesarean section surgery. The comparative analysis showed that the dynamics of changes in the main indicators of homeostasis, hemodynamics, body water compartments and markers of inflammation in parturient women with preeclampsia strongly depend on the type of intensive infusion therapy. In women with preeclampsia, continuous administration of a 20% albumin solution immediately after delivery ensures the normalization of body water compartments till the 7th day of the postpartum period. It is the result of a rapid decrease in the total volume of fluid (by 17.2%, p<0.001 from the baseline) and interstitium (by 31.8%, p<0.001 from the prenatal level). The provided treatment in parturient women with preeclampsia helps to ensure a eukinetic type of blood circulation from the 5th day of the postpartum period already. It is also accompanied by the restoration of adaptation mechanisms that participate in maintaining the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system. The use of albumin and furosemide solution infusion reduces the degree of the background inflammatory process by 3.8 times (according to the index of inflammatory activity IL-6/IL-10) which comes along with preeclampsia.

Функціональні показники кваліфікованих бігунів на короткі дистанції на спеціально-підготовчому етапі річного макроциклу

The purpose of the study was to analyze the indicators of functional readiness of qualified runners in sprint events at the special preparatory stage of the annual training cycle. Materials and methods. The methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of data from scientific and methodological literature and Internet resources, pedagogical experiment, instrumental methods such as anthropometric measurements, research of indicators of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and methods of mathematical statistics were used in the study. 28 sprint-distance track and field athletes between the ages of 18 and 24 with sports qualifications, candidates for masters of sports and masters of sports, with experience in athletics from 4 to 9 years took part in the study. Surveys were conducted at the special preparatory stage of the annual macrocycle. The functional state was assessed by the method of indices (Robinson index, Skibinski index, hypoxia index, Quetelet index, cardiac index, vital index). Results and discussion. The most informative indicators have been established that characterize the level of functional fitness in sprint events runners. The Quetelet index of our studied athletes is 22.13 ± 0.56 units, which indicates their optimal body weight and corresponds to age norms. The indicators of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems correspond to the appropriate norms, and some of them exceed the limits of norms for untrained individuals. According to our results, the indicator of the proper vital capacity of the lungs is 4.97 ± 0.13 l, and the deviation of the vital capacity of the lungs is 8.0%, which corresponds to the limits of the physiological norm. Almost all indicators are characterized by a low coefficient of variation, except for the Skibinski index (14%) and the hypoxia index (10%). The indicators of the functional tests of Shtange (74.73 ± 4.65 s), Genchi (48.47 ± 4.23 s), Skibinsky (52.54 ± 6.98 c.u.) are above the average level. Conclusion. It has been established that the eukinetic type of blood circulation is characteristic of qualified sprint events runners. According to the Robinson index, the average level of functioning of the cardiovascular system in sprint events runners was found to be 82.61 ± 3.51 units. According to the hypoxia index, a high level of the body's resistance to oxygen deficiency (0.73 ± 0.08 с.u.) was established in qualified sprint events runners. Analysis of the functional fitness of track and field athletes will allow to adjust and optimize the construction of the training process in order to achieve maximum sports results

TYPES OF HEMODYNAMICS AND ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS AND BODY MASS INDEX IN MEDICAL STUDENTS

The study goal was to investigate hemodynamic parameters in medical students with different types of hemodynamics and their relationship with the body mass index. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study of 2- and 3-year students of the North-Ossetian State Medical Academy (NOSMA) (133 female and 37 male subjects) was performed. Blood pressure, pulse rate, and anthropometric variables were measured. Hemodynamic parameters and body mass index were calculated. Statistical processing included frequency and correlation analyses and analysis of variance. Results. Overall, 60.6%, 36.5%, and 2.9% of the subjects had a eukinetic, hypokinetic, and hyperkinetic type of hemodynamics, respectively. Stroke volume (74.1 (68.6; 79.4)), cardiac output (7.8 (7.6; 7.8)), heart rate (100.4 (96.5; 109.9)), pulse pressure (50.0 (45.0; 60.0)), and rate pressure product (103.5 (90.3; 113.1)) were the highest in the hyperkinetic type group, and the lowest values of stroke volume (55.2 (54.2; 60.6)), cardiac output (4.3 (4.1; 5.0)), and pulse pressure (39.0 (30.0; 40.0)) were reported in the hypokinetic type group. Correlations between the evaluated parameters and body mass index (r=0.17–0.46) have been established. In the hypokinetic and eukinetic type groups, CO, SBP, DBP, PP, RPP, and AP were higher in subjects with BMI ≥ 25 compared with those with BMI < 25. Conclusions. The eukinetic type of hemodynamics is the most common among medical students, and is predominantly inherent in females, while the hypokinetic type is more common among males. HR, SV, CI, CO, PP, RPP, KI increased and TPVR, RPVR, SBP, DBP, MBP decreased from the hypokinetic to hyperkinetic types. The observed within-group trends in the evaluated hemodynamic parameters were consistent with the types of hemodynamics both in female and male subjects. Regardless of the type of hemodynamics, the hemodynamic parameters and adaptation potential of the cardiovascular system decrease in subjects with BMI ≥ 25. Higher BMI was associated with a significantly greater cardiovascular load and AP of the cardiovascular system.

Effect of long-term training on heart rate variability, central hemodynamics and physical working capacity in female swimmers with different sports qualifications

The aim of this study was to compare the indices of heart rate variability, central hemodynamics and physical working capacity in female swimmers with different sports qualifications. Materials and methods. The indices of heart rate variability (HRV), central hemodynamics (CH) and physical development (PD) were studied in 44 female swimmers (mean age 15.00 ± 0.36 years, swimming experience – 7.40 ± 0.35 years) depending on their sports qualifications (MSIC, MS, CMS, first- and second-class athletes). To analyze the autonomic regulation of cardiac activity, power spectral and time-domain indices of HRV were used. CH were examined by the method of automated tetrapolar rheography according to W. Kubiček et al. (1970) in Y. T. Pushkar’s et al. modification (1970). Physical working capacity was measured according to the generally accepted technique on a cycling ergometer using the PWC170 submaximal test. The functional state index (FSI) was calculated using the formula patented by authors. Results. Significant differences were found between the indices of HRV, CH and PD in female swimmers with different qualifications. Thus, in the athletes with the MSIC–MS sports qualifications, heart rate was 61.0 ± 3.8 bpm, cardiac index (CI) – 2.978 ± 0.098 L·min-1·m-2 (there was a trend towards the eukinetic type of hemodynamics (TH)), stress index (SI) – 51.16 ± 12.66 relative units (r.u.), PWC170/kg – 16.98 ± 1.22 kgm·min-1·kg-1, FSI – 6.511 ± 0.422 r.u. A decrease in heart rate among them was correlated with a decrease in SI, and an increase in Mo – with a decrease in CI. In female CMS swimmers, heart rate was 61.37 ± 2.83 beats/min-1, CI – 3.021 ± 0.112 l -1min -1·m -2 , a trend towards the predominantly eukinetic TH, SI – 53.73 ± 9.41 r.u., PWC170 /kg– 14.66 ± 0.683 kgm·min-1·kg -1, FSI – 5.683 ± 0.324 r.u. Reduced values of SI and CI were associated with increased values of Mo and PWC170/kg. In first- and second-class female swimmers, heart rate was 63.05 ± 2.22 beats/min, SI – 50.62 ± 6.4 r.u. This group tended to be eytonic and eukinetic. The mean value of the PWC170/kg was 14.19 ± 0.589 kgm·min-1·kg-1 and FSI – 5.953 ± 0.337 r.u. Correlation analysis confirmed the relationship between the decrease in heart rate and CI and the increase in Mo and PWC170/kg. Conclusions. Long-term training in female swimmers at the distance of 50 to 200 meters is accompanied by the significant increase in the PWC170/kg values with qualification improving, 14.19 ± 0.589 kgm·min-1·kg-1, 14.66 ± 0.683 kgm·min-1·kg-1; 16.98 ± 1.22 kgm·min-1·kg-1, respectively, improvements in HRV (decrease in stress index and increase in Mo) and decrease in CI.

Influence of beta-rhythm neurofeedback on the functional state of the cardiovascular system of athletes

BACKGROUND: The study of the effects of urgent and long-term adaptation of the cardiovascular system of athletes under the influence of beta-rhythm neurofeedback expands its corrective and restorative potential for use in the practice of sports medicine and rehabilitation. AIMS: Study of the restorative and rehabilitation potential of the influence of beta-rhythm neurofeedback on the functional state of the cardiovascular system of athletes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The course of neurofeedback on the beta rhythm of the brain consisted of 10 sessions, including a graphical and game version of the representation of the controlled parameter (beta rhythm) on the computer monitor screen, the success of controlling the beta rhythm with the specified conditions of voluntary muscle relaxation during the session was supported by visual and auditory biological feedback. Registration of indicators of the cardiovascular system was carried out before and after the 1st, 5th and 10th sessions of the course, the dynamics during the course and individual sessions is represented by the growth rate (%) of the indicators. RESULTS: A course of neurofeedback on the beta-rhythm of the brain of 10 sessions were young athletes (n=1020) aged 1821, representatives of cyclic, acyclic and game sports in the preparatory period of the training cycle. The effects of urgent adaptation in athletes at the 1st session of the neurofeedback course according to the beta-rhythm of the brain are reflected by positive changes in the strengthening of the vagal influence of the parasympathetic nervous system on the functional state of the cardiovascular system, expressed in a decrease in heart rate, systemic pressure, performance and pumping functions of the heart, in the transition of the type of regulation of blood circulation from the unfavorable hyperkinetic type to the physiological ― eukinetic ― type. At the same time, the load on the peripheral vascular bed increased, especially on its precapillary section. The effects of long-term adaptation at the 10th session of the neurofeedback course according to the beta-rhythm of the brain are represented by systemic rearrangements with an increased influence of the parasympathetic nervous system in the functioning of the cardiovascular system of athletes, reflected in the maximum decrease in heart rate throughout the course, in an equivalent decrease in systemic pressure, stabilization of performance and pumping function of the heart, achievement and preservation of the eukinetic type of regulation of blood circulation, achievement of a stable stable state of the central and peripheral vascular bed with a slight response to environmental factors. CONCLUSION: A course of neurofeedback on the beta-rhythm of the brain of 10 sessions helps to reduce stress in the functioning of the cardiovascular system of athletes by enhancing the vagal influences of the parasympathetic nervous system, has a positive effect on heart rate, systemic pressure, performance and pumping function of the heart; promotes the transition from an unfavorable hyperkinetic to a physiological eukinetic type of circulatory regulation; has a positive effect on adaptive changes in indicators of general and peripheral vascular resistance. The revealed effects of the course of neurofeedback on the beta-rhythm of the brain are of a pronounced corrective and restorative nature during the intense functioning of the cardiovascular system of athletes and can be used in sports rehabilitation and rehabilitation practice.

The influence of pregnancy that is complicated by preeclampsia on the main parameters of central and peripheral hemodynamics and body water compartments volume

У статті розглянуто питання впливу вагітності, ускладненої прееклампсією, на основні параметри центральної та периферичної гемодинаміки, а також показники об’ємів водних секторів організму, у порівнянні з нормальним перебігом вагітності. У дос­лідження включено 120 жінок, розподілених на три групи: здорові невагітні жінки фертильного віку; вагітні з неускладненою вагіт­ністю терміном 34–40 тиж; жінки, вагітність яких ускладнена прееклампсією середнього та тяжкого ступеня. Методом неінвазивної біоімпедансометрії комплексом моніторингу кардіореспіраторної системи і гідратації тканин проводили оцінку центральної та периферичної гемодинаміки і визначали показники водних секторів організму. Результати дослідження продемонстрували, що для не­ ускладненої вагітності характерні еукінетичний тип гемодинаміки, помірне збільшення загального об’єму рідини, тоді як преекламп­сія формує дисоціативний тип кровообігу, на фоні якого порушується перерозподіл рідини з розвитком набрякового синдрому. In the article, it is studied the influence of pregnancy that is complicated by preeclampsia on the main parameters of central and peripheral hemodynamics and body water compartments volume in contrast to healthy pregnancy. 120 women were involved in the research. There were three groups among them: non­pregnant healthy women of fertile age; pregnant women with healthy preg­nancy of 34–40 weeks; women whose pregnancy was complicated by mild or severe preeclampsia. Non­invasive bioimpedancemetry with a complex of monitoring of the cardio­respiratory system and tissue hydration was applied to assess central and peripheral hemo­dynamics and body water сompartments index. The study showed that healthy pregnancy is characterized by an eukinetic type of he­modynamics, a moderate increase in total fluid volume. In the mean­ time, preeclampsia causes a dissociative type of blood circulation against which there is fluid redistribution failure with the develop­ment of edema.

СТРУКТУРНО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ МИОКАРДА И ТИПЫ ГЕМОДИНАМИКИ У МУЖЧИН С АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТОНИЕЙ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ КОНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ТИПОВ

Цель. Изучение структурно-функционального состояния миокарда и типов гемодинамики у мужчин с АГ различных конституциональных типов.Материалы и методы. Обследовано 89 мужчин в возрасте от 20 до 60 лет. Использовалась стандартная методика антропометрического исследования с последующим определением конституциональных типов, а также определение типов гемодинамики по данным ультразвукового исследования сердца.Результаты. В ходе проведённого исследования установлено, что как среди больных АГ, так и среди лиц без АГ, эукинетический и гиперкинетический типы гемодинамики встречаются чаще по сравнению с гипокинетическим типом. При изучении частоты встречаемости типов гемодинамики у больных АГ с различными соматотипами не получено статистически значимо различий между группами соматотипов, в то время как в группе контроля количество лиц с мускульным соматотипом была статистически значимо выше при эукинетическомо типа, и ниже при гиперкинетическом типе в сравнении сравнению с грудным и брюшным соматотипами. При сравнении структурно-функциональных показателей миокарда у больных АГ разных соматотипов можно отметить, что величина фракции выброса и фракции сокращения у больных АГ неопределенного соматотипа были наименьшими и статистически значимо более низкими по сравнению с грудным типом телосложения (p<0,01), а у лиц с АГ грудного соматотипа статистически значимо более высокими по сравнению с брюшным конституциональным типом (p<0,05).Заключение. Для лиц с АГ грудного соматотипа характерны более благоприятные значения некоторых структурно-функциональных показателей состояния миокарда, в сравнении с брюшным и неопределенным типами конституции.

Аналіз зв’язків між показниками компонентного складу тіла і серцево-судинної системи молодих жінок з різними типами гемодинаміки

Representatives of different body constitutions have characteristic features of anthropometric indicators, body composition, endocrine and immune systems, circulatory system. It is important to study the relationship between hemodynamic parameters and the constitutional features of a healthy person, which in turn are due to the diversity of body components. The purpose of the study was to identify correlations between body composition components and cardiovascular parameters in women aged 18-22 with different types of hemodynamics. Material and methods. The study involved 90 healthy female students aged 18 to 22 years (M±m = 19.3±1.3). The women studied at Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, majoring in secondary education (various subject specializations), did not have any acute or chronic diseases, and were assigned to the main medical group. The method of bioelectrical impedance analysis was used in the work. The following heart rate parameters were analyzed: heart rate, blood pressure, minute blood volume, stroke volume, cardiac index, stroke index, total peripheral resistance, peripheral resistivity. The type of central hemodynamics was determined according to the modified scheme of N. I. Arinchin. Correlation analysis was performed according to Pearson. The samples were compared using a Student's t-test, differences at p <0.05 were considered significant. Results and discussion. Eukinetic type of hemodynamics was found in 18.89% of women, hypokinetic in 81.11%. Indicators of the body composition of both groups did not differ (p >0.05). Women with eukinetic type of hemodynamics had higher stroke volume (10.63 ml, p <0.01), shock index (6.64 ml/ m2, p <0.01), minute blood volume 1.87 l/ min, p <0.001), heart rate (20 beats/ min, p <0.05). Women with hypokinetic hemodynamic type had higher (p <0.001) values of total and specific peripheral resistance (1.82 and 1.85 times, respectively). The value of muscle mass correlates with indicators of stroke volume (mean correlation – r = 0.565, p <0.05), minute blood volume (r = 0.524, p <0.05) and total peripheral resistance (r = -0.555, p <0.01). Conclusion. The shock index of women with a hypokinetic type of hemodynamics was weakly related to body mass index (r = -0.238, p <0.05), visceral fat content (r = -0.264, p <0.05), the content of m muscle mass (r = 0.372, p <0.01) and water content (r = 0.289; p <0.05). There were also correlations of the average strength between the heart index and muscle mass content (average correlation – r = 0.425, p <0.01), water content (weak correlation – r = 0.272, p <0.05)

Condition of the central hemodynamics in children with false tendons in the left cardiac ventricle

Aim: To study the echomorphometric parameters of the heart in children with false tendons (FT) in the left cardiac ventricle to improve diagnostics of its possible complications.Materials and methods. 64 children with FT, aged from 13 to 17 (15,3±0,2) years old, were examined. Main group of patients consisted of 40 (62,5±6,1%) boys and 24 (37±6,1 %) girls. The control group included 23 almost healthy children of similar age. The study was carried out in Vinnitsa city hospital Center of Mother and a Child. The morphological and functional condition of the heart with hemodynamic parameters was evaluated according to the standard method, recommended by American association of cardiologists in one-dimensional (M-) and two-dimensional (B-) modes, using echocardiography with Doppler effect.Results. Echomorphometric indicators did not significantly differ from the control data. Indicators of ejection (69,4±0,8% vs. 67,8±1,7% – boys and 70,8±1% vs. 69±1,4% – girls) and shortening fraction of the left ventricle (38,6±0,8% vs. 41±2% – boys and 40,8±0,9% vs. 32,5±2,8% - girls) were within normal limits. There was a tendency for decreasing of the end-diastolic index (EDI) in both subgroups (60,3±2,7 ml/m² vs. 62,5±3,9 ml/m² – boys and 56,6±3,3 ml/m² vs. 68,2±5,3 ml/m² – girls). Analysis of diastolic function of the left ventricle (LV) in children of the main group revealed increasing of the E/A parameter in boys (2±0,1 vs. 1,8±0,1, p<0,05) and in girls (2,2±0,1 vs. 2±0,1, p<0,05). The thickness of the left atrium (LA) was not changed. These results reveal the first stages of diastolic dysfunctions of the LV myocardium. The systolic function of the myocardium was normal.Conclusions. Children with FT have normovolemic and eukinetic types of central hemodynamics. Diastolic function in children with FT has initial signs of impairment. These results will help to prevent complication occurrence and progression of diastolic dysfunction of myocardium in adolescents with false tendons by timely providing medical-preventative methods

Determination of differentiated hemodynamics types based on assessment of integral circulation indicators in healthy people and patients with hypertension

Aim. To develop a method for determination of the differentiated types of hemodynamics based on the data analysis of integral circulation indicators.&#x0D; Methods. The method for determination of the differentiated hemodynamics types was developed based on the data analysis of integral circulation indicators - cardiac output, heart rate, total peripheral vascular resistance and modulus of volume elasticity. The types of hemodynamics - hyperkinetic, eukinetic, hypokinetic - were determined by cardiac output. Tachy-, normo- and bradisistolic subtypes were determined by the heart rate, subtypes with a predominance of vascular resistance and arterial stiffness were determined by the modulus of volume elasticity and total peripheral vascular resistance ratio. Four groups of patients were examined. The first group included 63 patients with I-III degree of arterial hypertension aged 18 to 77 years, mean age 48.9±12.38 (M±σ). The second group - 82 patients with primary hypothyroidism and I-III degree of arterial hypertension aged of 41 to 75 years, 59.8±7.9 years (M±σ). The third group - 33 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and I-III degree of arterial hypertension aged 17 to 67 years, 47.2±8.12 years (M±σ). The control group included 32 healthy volunteers aged 21 to 37 years, 24.7±5.34 years (M±σ).&#x0D; Results. Eukinetic and hyperkinetic circulation types with predominance of peripheral vascular resistance were mostly identified in healthy volunteers. Eukinetic type of hemodynamic with predominance of peripheral vascular resistance is typical for patients with hypothyroidism and arterial hypertension, and for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and arterial hypertension hyperkinetic and eukinetic types with predominance of the arterial system rigidity are characteristic. Eukinetic and hypokinetic circulation types with predominance of both peripheral resistance and arterial stiffness are mostly present in essential hypertension.&#x0D; Conclusion. Developed method of distinguishing the differentiated types of hemodynamics allows determining the hemodynamic heterogeneity in both healthy people and patients with hypertension.

CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM’S INDICES IN YOUNG MEN WITH DIFFERENT BLOOD CIRCULATION TYPES

It has been established that under stress-factor influence, responses of the cardiorespiratory system in the young men with the hyperkinetic type of blood circulation were connected with stimulation of chronotropic spectrum of central hemodynamics. In the young men with the eukinetic type of blood circulation, responses were connected with stimulation of inotropic spectrum of central hemodynamics. All the responses depended on the state of bronchial conductivity of the respiratory system. In the persons with the hypokinetic type of blood circulation, the external breath system was intensively included in compensatory activity. Influence of hemodynamical factors was insignificant in the persons with this type of blood circulation. A large degree of freedom in choice of different variants of responses to influences of stress-factors improves compensatory possibilities of the cardiorespiratory system in the young men with the hypokinetic type of blood circulation.

Hemodynamics and Blood Coagulation System in Patients Operated Following Ulcer Disease Hemorrhagia

Objective: to evaluate the clinical efficacy of hypoxen and nutrients used in the combination therapy of patients operated for bleeding gastroduodenal ulcer. Subjects and methods. Seventy-four patients were examined and treated. All the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) standard therapy + hypoxen in a daily dose of 1 g for a week; 2) standard therapy + hypox-en and nutrients; 3) standard therapy only. Hypoxen and nutrients were administered on postoperative day 1 via an enter-al feeding tube. Systemic hemodynamic and hemostatic parameters were determined using MICAR-RHEO hardware-software rheographic unit APG2-01 analyzer, respectively. Results. It was established that the hyper- and eukinetic hemodynamic types were predominant before surgery and the eukinetic type was prevalent in the early postoperative period. Hypoxen and nutrients were observed to positively affect central hemodynamic parameters, such as blood pressure, cardiac output, circulating blood volume, and heart rate. Hypercoagulation changes (shorter blood clotting time in a study group and elevated serum fibrinogen levels in a comparison group) on postoperative day 10 suggest that the hemostatic parameters should be monitored and corrected as soon as possible. Key words: ulcer disease, hypoxen, nutritional support, blood circulation, hemostatic system.

Analysis and Evaluation of the Functional State of the Cardiovascular System in Cosmonauts during Long-term Spaceflights

Forty-four cosmonauts participating in 28 main long-term (73–438 days) missions on the Mirorbital station performed functional tests with graded physical exercise using a bicycle ergometer. There were two types of this functional load. The cosmonauts that participated in the first eight main missions performed a two-step exercise with a total load power of 1150 W. In the remaining cosmonauts, the exercise was three-step, with a total power of 1350 W. The results obtained during the flight were compared with the results of the same tests performed before the flight, which served as control values for each cosmonaut. To estimate the load tolerance, the heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and cardiac index were analyzed. The data were grouped according to the load, taking into account the type of blood circulation for each group before and during the flight. The ratio between different types of blood circulation was found to change during the flight. The responses to both types of exercises before the flight were less favorable in the cases of the hyperkinetic type of circulation. In these cases, the dominance of the chronotropic function of the heart determined the increase in CO. In the cases of the hypo- and eukinetic types of circulation, the response to the exercise was close to normotonic. In microgravity, irrespective of the circulation type and the exercise, the mechanism of the CO formation changed: the effect of HR was dominant, and there was no increase in SV. Insufficient venous return to the chambers of the heart is the main cause of the decreased response of SV to exercises during spaceflight.

EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC MILLIMETR1C WAVE RADIATION ON HEMODYNAMICS OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

The study of efficacy of combined therapy including exposure to millimetric electromagnetic radiation (MER) in hypertensive patients has found a corrective hemodynamic effect of such treatment which appeared more potent than pharmacotherapy alone or combinations with sinusoidal modulated currents and placebo electromagnetic radiation. In hypokinetic and eukinetic types of hemodynamics MER raises cardiac output, lowers peripheral vascular resistance; in the hyperkinetic type there was a fall in the stroke and cardiac indices, compensatory rise of vascular resistance. The above changes in the course of treatment result in decline of both systolic and diastolic pressure and conversion of extreme types of hemodynamics in eukinetic in 11% patients. In hypertensive patients with eukinetic and hyperkinetic type of hemodynamics the best hemodynamic efficacy was achieved in combined therapy with 5.6 mm radiation.

A Hemodynamic Reaction to the Orthostatic Load in Schoolgirls with Various Behavioral and Blood Circulation Types

The cardiovascular system was studied in 9- to 10-year-old schoolgirls with various types of behavior and types of blood circulation during orthostatic load. The relation between the hemodynamic and behavioral types was defined. Girls of type A behavior have two extreme types of blood circulation (hypo- and hyperkinetic), while girls of type B behavior are characterized by a eukinetic type of circulation. Due to this, the reaction of schoolgirls with pattern A behavior depends on the initial hemodynamic type. It is suggested that hemodynamic shifts in persons with the extreme types of blood circulation are compensated for as a result of intense efforts of either cardiac or vascular components of homeostasis maintenance, which may cause the risk of coronary heart diseases in persons with type A behavior.

Efficacy of cardyl and corinpharin patients with hypertension in various types of hemodynamics

In the treatment by corinphar tachycardia is observed in 100 and 21,7% of patients and an increase of systolic arterial pressure in 50 and 13% of persons with hyper- and eukinetic type of hemodynamics, respectively. Cardyl causes tachycardia more rarely only in a part (41,2%) of patients with hyperkinetic type of circulation, an increase of systolic arteria, pressure under its effect is not registered. Corinphar is indicated to patients with hypokinetic, cardyl- hypo- and eukinetic nature of blood circulation.