Eugenia Polyantha Research Articles

EFFECT of ADMINISTRATION of BAY LEAF EXTRACT (Eugenia polyantha) ON TOTAL CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDE LEVEL S IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AT IMAN CLINIC MEDAN

Cholesterol is a fat component that stabilizes cell membranes and is a precursor of bile salts and steroid hormones. The HMG-CoA reductase enzyme has an important role in the cholesterol synthesis process. Triglycerides are the primary fats found in food that undergo emulsification in the small intestine by bile salts and are digested by lipase. The flavonoids in bay leaves will react with the hydroxyl groups in cholesterol. Saponins will increase the binding of cholesterol to fiber. Tannins can inhibit fat absorption in the intestine. This study examined the effect of administering bay leaf extract (Eugenia polyantha) on total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with hypertension and Diabetes mellitus type 2 in Clinic Iman Medan. This research is a Quasi-experimental design using 32 samples consisting of 16 samples from the control group and 16 from the experimental group. This study used bay leaf extract in 200 mg bay leaf capsules with 3 doses given to each group. Based on the results of the hypothesis test using the Paired T-test and Wilcoxon test, giving bay leaf extract had no effect on total cholesterol and triglyceride levels with a P-value < 0.05. There was no effect of giving bay leaf extract (Eugenia polyantha) on total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with hypertension and DM type 2

Efek Temperatur dan Waktu Terhadap Total Kandungan Antioksida Dari 5 Jenis Tanaman Herbal dengan Metode Phenanthroline Termodifikasi

This research determines the effect of temperature, maceration time, extract storage time at room temperature and refrigerator temperature of the total antioxidant content in miana leaves (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.)R. Br), papaya leaves (Carica papaya), rambutan leaves (Nephelium lappaceum), bay leaves (Eugenia polyantha) and green betel leaves (Piper betel L). The determination of total antioxidant content was carried out by modified phenanthroline method. Based on the research data. It was found that the optimum conditions for total antioxidant content in the samples above were at 100oC with 60 minutes of maceration time and without storage time of the extracted samples before being analyzed. The total antioxidant content of miana leaves, papaya leaves, rambutan leaves, bay leaves, and green betel leaves analyzed in the optimum conditions are 3.0865; 1.1554; 0.4641; 0.6764; and 3.3630 mmol Fe/g DW, respectively.

SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF DIABECINE RECONSTITUTE IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY IN THE EVALUATION AS AN ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIA AGENT

Diabecine reconstitute is a combination of well-known herbs such as Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Eugenia polyantha, Curcuma xanthorizza, Orthosiphon stamineus and Andrographis paniculata which are believed to give promising finding especially in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, no scientific studies have been performed to investigate its toxicological effect. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate its safety profile using sub-acute toxicity (14 days repeated doses) in rat model. The sub-acute toxicity study was evaluated by daily administration of different doses (250, 600 and 2000 mg/kg) of diabecine reconstitute for 14 days. Clinical signs, body weight changes, food and water intake, white blood count and relative organ weight were recorded. While the liver and kidney were removed for histological analysis. The result indicated that administration of diabecine reconstitute did not show significant differences in food consumption, water intake and white blood count (p>0.05) as compared to the control. However, there is significant difference observed in body weight and relative organ weight (p<0.05). Diabecine reconstitute at 600 and 2000 mg/kg proved to be toxic to kidney and liver in histopathology studies. However, the diabecine reconstitute at concentration of 250 mg/kg is safe to be used and showed no toxicity effect. Therefore, diabecine reconstitute at dose of 250 mg/kg was found to be toxicologically safe and it may be a good potential polyherbal formula to be incorporated in the diabetes mellitus treatment.

The potential of Myricitrin, a Flavonoid Compound in Eugenia polyantha from Indonesia, as an Antiviral Drug for SARS-Cov-2 through the Molecular Docking Analysis

A Flavonoid glycoside compound, isolated and identified from E. polyantha as myricitrin, was analyzed as a ligand for its molecular binding activity against SARS-CoV-2 protein (receptor binding domain on Spike/RBD, main protease/nsp5, EndoRNAse, RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase/RdRp), and its receptor, ACE2, and computationally assessed via molecular docking method. This study aims to determine the potential of myricitrin in E. polyantha from Indonesia as an antiviral drug for SARS-CoV-2 through molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation analysis. The results showed that the myricitrin had the strongest binding affinity energy towards the three important SARS-CoV-2 proteins, namely endoRNAse, main protease (3CLpro), and RdRp with ∆G values of −9.60 kcal/mol, −8.40 kcal/mol, and −8.30 kcal/mol, respectively. These values are stronger than the comparator ligands of favipiravir (−5.60 kcal/mol), atazanavir (−7.20 kcal/mol), and remdesivir (−7.70 kcal/mol). This indicated that the compound has the potential as an inhibitor against 3CLpro, endoRNAse, and RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. This result was supported by the prediction made according to the Molprobity and PASS Online web servers, which showed that myricitrin has high bioactivity potential as an enzyme inhibitor (with a score of 0.38) and antiviral (with a score of 0.704).

Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Eugenia polyantha Wigh in Inhibiting Streptococcus mutans

Background: Many microorganisms can be found within the oral cavity, including Streptococcus mutans. The introduction of oral bacteria into the bloodstream can lead to the occurrence of bacteremia and subsequent development of systemic diseases. Traditional medicine uses specific ingredients or herbs employed over successive generations and is widely believed to possess medicinal properties. One example is the bay leaf, scientifically known as Eugenia polyantha Wight. Objective. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of bay leaf extract (Eugenia polyantha Wight.) in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: This type of research is an experimental laboratory with Post-test Only Control Group Design. Testing the effectiveness of antibacterial in this study using the diffusion method by diluting bay leaf extract using DMSO solvent into five concentrations, namely 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125%, with a sample size of 4 for each concentration. Results: The results showed that bay leaf extract concentrations of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125% showed a clear zone around the disc paper in Muller Hinton Agar as a medium for the breeding of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The formation of a clear zone indicates that the ability of bay leaf extract inhibits the growth of Streptococcus mutans with a mean diameter of inhibition of 10.4 ± 0.2944 mm; 8.9 ± 0.7500 mm; 7.1 ± 0.3202 mm; 6.9 ± 0.2944 mm; and 6.4 ± 0.1826 mm. Conclusion: Eugenia polyantha Wight can inhibit the development of Streptococcus mutans. A concentration of 50% is the best in inhibiting the development of Streptococcus mutans based on the growth zone of bacteria.

Eugenia polyantha leaf extract as an antidiabetic alternative medicine on Rattus norvegicus

The public does not yet know the potential of Eugenia polyantha as an alternative medicine for diabetes mellitus. In fact, the content of chemical compounds such as flavonoids in Eugenia polyantha can minimize damage to the pancreas. This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic activity of the ethanolic extract of Eugenia polyantha leaf against streptozotocin-induced Wistar rats. The sample for this study were male white rats of the Wistar strain, consisting of 30 rats. It was divided into 6 test groups, group P1 was negative control (aqua dest), group P2 was positive control (glibenclamide), and group P3, P4, and P5 was treated with 70% ethanol extract of Eugenia polyantha leaf with doses of 312.5, 625 and 1250 mg/kg respectively. The blood glucose level on the 11th day was tested by ANOVA which is then tested by Duncan. The results showed Eugenia polyantha leaf extract has an effect on reducing blood glucose in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with doses 312.5, 625, and 1250 mg/kg body weight. The most effective dose of 70% ethanol extract of Eugenia polyantha leaf for reducing blood glucose is 1250 mg/kg body weight. Furthermore, the findings of this study can be tested in more depth so that it can be recommended to the public as an alternative medicine for diabetes mellitus in humans.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SALAM ( SYZYGIUM POLYANTHUM WIGHT) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA MENCIT PUTIH YANG DI INDUKSI ALOKSAN

Effect of Ethanol Extract of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum Wight.) Against Blood Glucose Levels In Alloxan Induced White Mice. Thesis, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deli Husada Deli Tua Health Institute. (Supervised by: apt. Linta Meliala, S.Si.,M.Si.) Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which is characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels. Obesity and overweight are risk factors for type 2 diabetes (WHO, 2019). One of the non-pharmacological drugs that can be used for diabetes mellitus is bay leaf. Bay leaves (Eugenia polyantha) are spread in various areas, both in the mountains and in the lowlands. To determine the antidiabetic activity of the ethanolic extract of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum Wight.) in alloxan-induced mice compared with glibenclamide.Experimental study using 25 mice induced with alloxan and divided into 5 groups. Group 1 (negative control) CMC Na 0.5%, group 2 (positive control) Glibenclamide dose 0.0026 mg/kgBW, group 3 bay leaf extract at 250 mg/kgBW, group 4 bay leaf extract at 500 mg/kgBW, group 5 bay leaf extract dose of 750 mg/kgBW. Extraction using maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent. From the results of the study, each treatment group experienced a decrease in blood glucose levels. Of the 5 treatment groups, the best reduction in blood glucose levels was glibenclamide. The positive control of glibenclamide produced a faster reduction effect than the ethanolic extract of bay leaf. The greatest effectiveness in the ethanol extract of bay leaf 750 mg/kgBW with a faster decrease in blood glucose levels was almost equivalent to the positive control. Ethanol extract of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) can reduce blood glucose levels in male white mice induced with alloxan

The Effect Of Administration Of Salam Leaf Extract (Eugenia Polyantha) On Hdl And Ldl Colesterol Levels In Prolanis Patients At Iman Clinic

Lipids are a component of micro-substance molecules in the body that function as structural components in cell membranes and can also be used as a source of energy for the body. Lipid levels in the blood can be measured by examining the total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL. This study analyzed the effect of bay leaf extract on HDL and LDL cholesterol levels in Prolanis patients at Iman clinic. Its an experimental pretest-posttest study using 38 elderly (>45 years) divided into the experimental and control group. The results showed that the average effect on HDL cholesterol levels was 40.37 mg/dL pretest and 40.11 mg/dL posttest, LDL cholesterol levels found an average value of 119.58 mg/dL pretest and posttest 130.63 mg/dL in the experimental group, whereas in the control group it was found that the effect of giving the extract on HDL and LDL cholesterol levels was not significant. The significance value based on the Wilcoxon statistical test was 0.461 for HDL cholesterol levels and 0.953 for LDL cholesterol levels. Conclusion: There is no effect of bay leaf extract ( Eugenia Polyantha ) on HDL and LDL cholesterol levels in prolanis patients at the Iman clinic. Keywords : Lipid, Bay Leaf, HDL and LDL Cholesterol Levels

Pengaruh ekstrak daun salam (Eugenia polyantha, weight.) sebagai alternatif mempertahankan kualitas daging

One of the good sources of animal protein comes from meat because it contains various kinds of nutrients needed by the body including protein, carbohydrates, water, vitamins, fats and various essential amino acids. The presence of high nutritional value in meat can also be utilized by various microorganisms to grow so that it can reduce the quality of meat. Some of these microorganisms can be transmitted to humans and cause disease or also known as zoonotic diseases. One way to prevent the growth of microorganisms in meat is by preserving meat using natural ingredients that can come from plants. One of the plants that has the potential to inhibit bacterial growth is Salam leaves (Eugenia polyantha, Weight.). The purpose of this study was to determine the value of the content in Salam Leaves (Eugenia polyantha, Weight.) and to determine the effect of giving Salam Leaf extract (Eugenia polyantha, Weight.) to early decay, pH value and Total Bacterial Colony. The study began with the collection of Salam leaves (Eugenia polyantha, Weight.) and then the extract was made. The extract obtained was then diluted and stored. The research was continued by taking meat samples from the Traditional Market in Surabaya and then cut into uniform sizes and soaked in Salam leaf extract with different concentrations. After incubation, the meat quality was tested for the beginning of spoilage, pH value and total bacterial colonies. The results of the observations showed that the best results were found in the P4 treatment with an extract concentration of 20%. This result is indicated by the lack of fog formed in the initial spoilage test, the pH value is close to the ultimate pH of the meat and a low total bacterial colony.

Inhibitory Content Of Salam Leaves Extract (Eugenia Polyantha Wight) And Identification Of Contaminated Bacteria Colonies In Dental Brush

Toothbrush contamination occurs immediately after use and increases when use is repeated. After the toothbrush is used, it should be washed and disinfected. Bay leaf (Eugenia polyantha Wight) can be an alternative herbal disinfectant because it contains tannin, flavonoids and essential oils that are antiseptic and antimicrobial. This study was an experimental laboratory to see the inhibitory content of bay leaf extract concentration of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% on the growth of toothbrush bacteria colonies. Samples are bacterial colonies originating from 8 toothbrushes that have been used by 8 students in the mass toothbrush activity in SDN Harapan in the City of Bandung, with inclusion criteria aged 9-12 years and having a DMF-T index> 3. Repeat treatment for each concentration was 4 times. The results showed that bay leaf extract at concentrations of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% could inhibit the growth of bacterial colonies, but when compared with the antibacterial effects produced by antibiotics Ciprofloxacin (5 µg), inhibitory content of bay leaf extract the five concentrations are relatively smaller. Colonies of contaminant bacteria that often appear on toothbrushes are Neisseria sp and Streptococcus sp, Klebsiella sp, Enterobacteriaceae sp (Coliform), and Staphylococcus aureus. Further research can be developed to find out other herbal ingredients that can be combined to increase disinfection, good dosage forms and the right contact time between disinfectant and toothbrushes.

ACTIVITY OF BAY LEAF EXTRACT (Eugenia polyantha) AS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY IN WHITE RAT (Rattus norvegicus)

Background: Inflammation is the body's defense response against foreign body invasion, tissue injury, or both caused by microorganisms, mechanical trauma, chemical compounds, and physical factors. Anti-inflammatory agents can be used to treat inflammation. Bay leaves are one example of a plant that can be used. Ethanol extract and water extract of a bay leaf can be anti-inflammatory because they contain flavonoids. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to see how effective ethanol extract and aqueous extract of bay leaf were as anti-inflammatory agents in mice. Methods: This study employs a systematic literature review approach, descriptive qualitative research, and library research. Results: The most efficacious dose was 150 mg/kg BW at a 70 percent concentration and at an 80 percent concentration for ethanol extract of bay leaves, and 50 mg/kg BW for the aqueous extract of bay leaves. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that bay leaf (Eugenia polyantha) ethanol extract and aqueous extract have anti-inflammatory activities
 Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, Bay Leaf, Diclofenac sodium, Ethanol Extract, Aqueous

Cytotoxic Activity of Eugenia polyantha Wight Leaves Extract, Purified Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction in T47D and Determination of Flavonoid Levels

Breast cancer is one of the cancers with the highest incidence in women in Indonesia. Old bay leaf extract (Eugenia polyantha Wight) has been proven to contain flavonoids so that it has anticancer activity. The flavonoid compounds can be extracted with ethyl acetate as solvent. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of extracts, purified extracts, and the ethyl acetate fraction of old bay leaves against T47D breast cancer cells and to investigate their total flavonoid levels. Extraction using maceration method on old Eugenia polyantha Wight powder with methanol solvent, followed by purification and fractionation using ethyl acetate solvent. Cytotoxic activity using the MTT assay method. T47D cells were treated with each test sample with concentration of 31.25; 62.5; 125; 250; 500 and 1000 µg/mL. The absorbance was seen with an ELISA reader and viability cells (%) were calculated to obtain IC50. Determination of flavonoid levels with quercetin and analyzed by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The result showed that the extract, purified extract, and ethyl acetate fraction of old Eugenia polyantha Wight had a cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 798.808 g/mL; 593.826 g/mL, and 171.946 g/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the flavonoid levels were 1.60 mgQE/g, 9.3 mgQE/g, and 5.27 mgQE/g, respectively.

The effectiveness test of sunscreen cream with raw materials of coconut oil and active ingredients of Soursop (Annona Muricata L) leaf and Bay (Eugenia Polyantha Wight) leaf ethanol extracts

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cream made of coconut oil as a raw material and the active ingredients of soursop leaf ethanol extract and bay leaf ethanol extract as sunscreens. The cream was made by mixing the hot (700C) water phase (glycerin, distilled water, methyl paraben, and triethanolamine = TEA) and the hot (700C) oil phase (s tearic acid, coconut oil, cetyl alcohol, propyl paraben, andlanolin). After the cream was formed, the active ingredients of soursop leaf ethanol extract and bay leaf ethanol extract were added. A cream without an active ingredient was also made as a comparison. The produced cream was determined to have ultraviolet (UV) radiation absorption by using a UV spectrophotometer. The resulting absorbance value was used to calculate the value of the sun protection factor (SPF) using the Mansur equation. The results showed that creams without active ingredients had the lowest SPF values. With an SPF of 3.048, the cream with 2% active ingredients and 2.5% bay leaf extract was labeled as a low-performance sunscreen cream

EFFECTIVITY OF MULTIFUNCTION HERBAL TOOTHPASTE CONTAINING BAY LEAF (EUGENIA POLYANTHA WIGHT) EXTRACT AS EXTRINSIC STAIN REMOVAL ON TEETH AND DENTURE

Background: White teeth colour influence aesthetical appearance which leads to self-confidence and quality of life. Extrinsic stain is the most common aetiology of teeth discoloration, which caused by widely consumed products such as tea, coffee, and tobacco. It also formed on denture and cause negative impacts. Commercial extrinsic stain removal toothpastes only indicated for teeth and contain chemical active agent with undesirable effects. Aim of this study is to determine effectivity of bay leaf (Eugenia polyantha Wight) extract as toothpaste active agent for extrinsic stain removal on teeth and dentures.Method: Pictures of teeth, artificial teeth, and acrylic resin base taken before experiment, after stain induction (using 25g of tea in 100ml of 100oC water for 7 days, tea solution replaced every 24 hours), and after brushing. Toothpastes used for brushing were no active agent basic formulation toothpaste, bay leaf extract toothpastes at 5%, 10%, 15% concentrations, and commercial stain removal toothpaste as positive control. Specimens were brushed using automatic brushing machine for 70 seconds/surface, using 250g load, and speed 5 movements/sec. Colour index analysis of specimens’ pictures were computerized and analysed using CIELAB method to obtain L-value of extrinsic stain removal. Data analysis performed using one-way ANOVA (α=0.05).Result: There is effect of toothpaste containing bay leaf extract 15% to remove extrinsic stain both on teeth, artificial teeth, and acrylic resin base according to one-way ANOVA.Conclusion: Bay leaf extract is effective and potential to be used as toothpaste active agent for extrinsic stain removal on teeth and denture.

Pengaruh ekstrak daun salam (Eugenia polyantha, wight.) Sebagai pengawet alami daging ayam broiler di pasar Wonokromo

This study aimed to determine the effect of bay leaf extract (Eugenia Polyantha, Wight.) as a natural preservative for broiler chicken meat in the Wonokromo market. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications, namely P0 (control), P1 (bay leaf extract 5%), P2 (15% bay leaf extract) and P3 (25% bay leaf extract). Broiler chicken thighs were soaked for 30 minutes and stored at room temperature (20-25OC) for 24 hours. The organoleptic test processed descriptively and the panelists was the researchers herself. The color of the best broiler chicken meat was at P3 with a brownish yellow color, the best broiler chicken meat smell was P3 with a slightly rotten smell and a bit of bay leaf aroma and the best broiler chicken meat texture was 2, namely in P2 and P3 with a slightly soft texture. The initial test of decay (Eber test) and total bacterial colonies (TPC) used statistical analysis of analysis of variance data. The mean initial rot (Eber) was at P0 1.00, P1 0.83, P2 0.33, P3 0.17. The average total bacterial colonies (TPC) were at P0 3.35 x 106, P1 3.03 x 106, P2 2.71 x 106, P3 2.50 x 106. The results of statistical analysis showed that bay leaf extract had a significant effect on early rot (Eber) and total bacterial colonies. (TPC) of broiler chicken in the Wonokromo market results was (P<0.05), although the total number of bacterial colonies (TPC) has exceeded the maximum TPC limit according to SNI No.3924-2009 which achieved 1x106/cfu. The conclusion of this study was that the concentration of 25% bay leaf extract produced the best durability in broiler chicken meat with organoleptic results of a brownish yellow color, a slightly rotten odor and a slight aroma of bay leaf and also a slightly soft texture, the initial value of rottenness (Eber test) was 0.17 ± 0.40 and total value of bacterial colonies 2.50 x 106 ± 0.57 x 106/cfu. .

Edible plants of the Batak Karo of Merdeka District, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Background: Batak Karo is one of Batak tribes reputed for their local knowledge about the use of plants for purposes such as food. The objectives of this ethnobotanical study were to document local knowledge related to the uses of wild edible plants and to provide ethnobotanical data on edible plants of the Batak Karo ethnic in order to contribute to the Indonesian traditional food knowledge. This paper presents part of the ethnobotanical research carried out in Merdeka District, North Sumatra, Indonesia.Methods: Ethnobotanical information was obtained by interviewing 58 Karonese informants in Merdeka (28) and Jaranguda (30). Fifty-five percent of the interviewed people were men. Informants were determined through purposive sampling with the criteria of being married, using plants in the surrounding environment as food, farmers and having access to the forest. We conducted interviews (semi-structured and not closed questionnaire) during the fieldwork. Results: A total of 53 food plants belonging to 27 families were documented. Thirty percent of the collected species are wild and used for food. Several of these edible plants are also referred as medicinal plants for local people so they could be classified as food medicines. Begonia laruei M. Hughes, Medinilla speciosa Blume, Debregeasia longifoli (Burm. f.) Wedd, Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC and Eugenia polyantha Barb. Rord. need to be evaluated as potential crops. This study highlights the rich traditional knowledge on edible plants retained by Batak Karo people.Conclusion: The consumption of wild edible plants is still alive in Batak Karo people. The importance of some of these plant species as wild crops must be outlined since they are a source of genetic resources to establish diversity food.

The Effectiveness Test of Sunscreen Cream with Raw Material of Coconut Oil and Active Ingredients of Bay (Eugenia polyantha Wight ) Leaf Ethanol Extract and TiO2

A research on the effectiveness test of sunscreen cream made of coconut oil as raw material and active ingredients of bay (Eugenia polyantha Wight) leaf ethanol extract and TiO2 has been conducted. Sunscreen cream was made by emulsifying the water phase (distilled water, glycerin, methyl paraben and triethanolamine = TEA) which has been heated to 70° C and oil phase (lanoline, cetyl alcohol, stearic acid, coconut oil and prophyl paraben) which has been heated to 70° C as well and it was added an active ingredient of TiO2. The mixture was then added the bay leaf ethanol extract and was stirred, until a homogeneous cream was formed. The resulting cream was determined its properties such as pH, viscosity, absorption of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and sun protection factor (SPF). From the SPF value calculated, then the effectiveness of sunscreen creams could be determined. The results showed that the resulting creams have a pH of 7.55-7.75, viscosity of 4000-10800 cps. If TiO2 is added to a cream containing 0.5% bay leaf ethanol extract, the SPF value of the cream will increase. If the concentration of TiO2 added to the cream is increased, the SPF of the cream will also increase. Cream with bay leaf ethanol extract of 0.5% and 6% TiO2, has an SPF value of 3.101 and is included in the low protection category of sunscreens.

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECT OF EUGENIA POLYANTHA WIGHT WITH CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE NON-TOXIGENIC

Introduction: Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a bacteria that causes diphtheria. In recent years, the bacterium is resistant to antibiotics. Eugenia polyantha wight might be a suitable antibiotic alternative as it has antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus. The content of the antibacterial compound in Eugenia polyantha wight at specific concentrations is expected to be able to kill the Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the antibacterial effect of Eugenia polyantha wight to Corynebacterium diphtheriae non-toxic. Method: Bay leaf extract (Eugenia polyantha wight) made with maceration method. This research is an experimental study conducted in vitro using a microdilution test on 96 well plates then count value with the streaking method to find out MBC. Results: bactericidal power was quite effective at the concentration of 40%, while at the concentration of 80%-100% has very strong bactericidal power that could destroy the growth of bacteria 99.9%. The higher the concentration of bay leaves extract, the higher the bactericidal power of bacteria Conclusion: Eugenia polyantha wight has an antibacterial effect against Corynebacterium diphtheriae non-toxic.

PENGARUH PERENDAMAN JUS DAUN SALAM SYZYGIUM POLYANTHUM (WIGHT) TERHADAP KANDUNGAN ASAM LEMAK BEBAS, TOTAL VOLATILE BASES DAN ANTIOKSIDAN PADA TELUR ASIN ASAP

Duck eggs are a source of animal protein that has a delicious taste, easy to digest and highly nutritious so that it is loved by many people. In addition, eggs are easily damaged by the length of the trade chain and the improper storage process. The processed form of duck eggs, which until now is the best known and most favored by the people of Indonesia, is salted eggs. This study aimed to determine the effect of soaking salted eggs in bay leaf juice (Eugenia polyantha Wight.) at different concentration levels on the content of free fatty acids (FFA), total volatile bases (TVB) and antioxidants in smoked salted eggs. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with 4 replications. The treatments consisted of: P0= Duck eggs + 0% bay leaf juice, P1 = Duck eggs + 25% bay leaf juice, P2 = Duck eggs + 50% bay leaf juice, P3 = Duck eggs + 75% bay leaf juice, P4 = Duck eggs + 100% bay leaf juice. The results showed that the effect of using salted egg soaking in bay leaf juice (Eugenia polyantha Wight.) showed a very significant effect (P<0.01) on FFA, TVB and antioxidants. It was concluded that the addition of bay leaf juice with a concentration of 25 to 100% in smoked salted eggs was able to reduce the number of free fatty acids, reduce the content of total volatile bases (TVB) and increase antioxidant activity. The use of the best concentration of 100% bay leaf juice is the lowest FFA 0.10 (%), the lowest TVB 2.32 (mgN%) and the lowest antioxidant 88.59 (mg/g).
 Keywords: Salted Egg, Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Total Volatile Bases (TVB), Antioxidant

Organoleptic Test of Salted Eggs with Addition of Herbal Plants

The addition of salt and herbal plants such as bay leaf (Eugenia polyantha) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus DC) extacts can extender the shelf life and increase the flavor of the salted eggs. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of eggs produced from using the herbal plants in terms of the organoleptic testing. This research used eggs from laying hens with salted egg making media consisting of rubbing ash plus salt, supplemented with bay leaf (Eugenia polyantha), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus DC), with storage period of 10 days. Organoleptic test results showed that the addition of bay leaves and lemongrass to the production of salted eggs, did not significantly improve the quality of salted eggs produced. The lack of storage time in the egg marinating process led to the incomplete, in salt water absorption into the egg. It is concluded that the addition of bay leaves and lemongrass to the media of making salted chicken eggs did not have a significantly different effect on the organoleptic quality of the salted eggs.