Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Extract Research Articles

Synthesis of Nano-silica Particles using Eucalyptus globulus Leaf Extract and Their Innovative Application as an Adsorbent for Malachite Green Dye

Synthesis of Nano-silica Particles using Eucalyptus globulus Leaf Extract and Their Innovative Application as an Adsorbent for Malachite Green Dye

Green synthesis of zinc oxide marigold shaped clusters using Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract as robust photocatalyst for dyes degradation under sunlight

This paper reports a facile route to synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles assembled into marigold shaped clusters utilizing the Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract. Synthesized ZnO marigold shaped clusters were examined as catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of non-degradable organic dyes under the natural sunlight. The structural properties of as-synthesized ZnO marigold shaped clusters were demonstrated by powder-X-ray diffraction confirming the high crystallinity with hexagonal phase. Moreover, detailed structural and crystallographic analyses for as-synthesized ZnO marigold shaped clusters were analyzed through Rietveld refinement using FULLPROF software which further confirmed the wurtzite-type structure with P63mc space group. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was utilized to investigate the morphology of the synthesized ZnO, which revealed that nanoparticles assembled in clusters and eventually transformed into marigold shaped structures. Transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that as-synthesized ZnO marigold shaped clusters consist of spherical and hexagonal nanoparticles with average crystallite size of 6 ± 2 nm. The role of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract for the formation of ZnO clusters was discussed in detail by the plausible reaction mechanism. As-synthesized ZnO marigold shaped clusters exhibited the excellent photocatalytic behavior by observing almost 98 % photocatalytic performance towards organic dyes under open air sunlight condition. The aim of such investigation of the synthesized ZnO clusters has potential as solar based photocatalytic application towards efficient degradation of organic dyes.

The kinetic activity of green synthesized CuO NPs using Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract and its synergistic effect with antibiotics on MDR Shigella sonnei

The kinetic activity of green synthesized CuO NPs using Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract and its synergistic effect with antibiotics on MDR Shigella sonnei

Effect of standardized Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract on brain oxidative stress and aberrant neurochemistry of fructose-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The neuro-pharmacological effect of Eucalyptus globulus ethanol leaf extract in fructose-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was evaluated in this study. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out using HPLC-DAD. Diabetes was induced in rats with 10% fructose in drinking water and a single intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic animals were orally treated with 100-400 mg/kg of the extract for 21 days with glibenclamide as the reference drug. Blood and brain tissue were processed for the determination of serum electrolyte levels, hematological indices, and biochemical estimations. Ergosterol, pinitol, catechin, quercetin, robinetinidol, and other polyphenols were identified in the extract. Diabetic animals showed decreased serum potassium and sodium ion levels and decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells and lymphocytes but increased neutrophils. The brains of animals in the untreated diabetic group with increased blood glucose level showed oxidative stress (increased level of MDA and myeloperoxidase but decreased level of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase) and disturbed neurochemistry (increased level of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase but decreased level of Na+K+ATPase, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine). Administration of the Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract remarkably ameliorated the observed hyperglycemia, electrolyte, and hematological imbalances in animals. In addition, the administration of the extract attenuated the brain redox imbalance, and neurochemical disturbances in the rats. These results show that Eucalyptus globulus leaves contain antioxidant and neurotransmitter modulating phytochemicals with the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents for the management of diabetic cerebrovascular problems and related complications.

Nitrate adsorption using green iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by Eucalyptus leaf extracts: Kinetics and effects of pH, KCl salt, and anions competition

This research investigated the colloidal stability and reactivity of green iron oxide nanoparticles for removing NO3– ions from polluted water. These nanoparticles were synthesized by Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract (EL-Fe NPs). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were utilized to characterize EL-Fe NPs. The effect of contact time, different pH, KCl salt, and anions (PO43−, SO42−, HCO3–, Cl−), on NO3– adsorption using EL-Fe NPs were evaluated. Based on the results, Fe3O4 and α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were encapsulated by polyphenols and have irregular nano-particulate structures. After 30 min, the maximum adsorption capacity of 1.5 g L−1 EL-Fe NPs dispersed in 50 mg L−1 NO3– solution with a pH of 3.7 was acquired at about 12.91 mg/g. Adsorption of NO3– on EL-Fe NPs was strongly pH dependent, and at pH > 6.6 no significant adsorption occurred. KCl salt by agglomeration of EL-Fe NPs, the mean particle size varied between 25.6 nm and 63 nm, and NO3– adsorption decreased dramatically. It was observed that EL-Fe NPs significant affinity to adsorb PO43− ions. As a result, no significant adsorption of NO3– ions onto EL-Fe NPs was detected in the presence of phosphate ions. The experimental data were reasonably fit to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.992), which can be concluded that the primary mechanism of NO3– adsorption is electrostatic. This work indicated that the removal of NO3– using EL-Fe NPs was influenced by the type and concentration of accompanying cations and anions.

Synthesis of iron-magnetite nanocomposites for hexavalent chromium sorption

Owing to multiple industrial applications of chromium compounds, developing chronic and highly water soluble chromium adsorption methods has gained attention. Nano-iron-magnetite nanocomposite (IM-NCs) was successfully synthesized from Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract for chromium adsorption from an aqueous solution. The occurrence of the black solution was the first physical indication of the formation of zero-valent iron. The X-ray diffraction pattern analysis confirmed the formation of the Fe/Fe3O4 nanocomposite. The FT-IR spectrum indicated the presence of Fe-O stretch, probably due to the development of iron oxides, which confirmed the oxidation of parts of the zero-valent iron to magnetite. The SEM image showed the agglomerated morphology of nanoparticles (NPs). The EDX analysis showed the existence of the expected elemental compositions of Fe and O. The UV–vis spectra showed peaks at 450 and 550 nm with a broader absorption band ranging from 350 to 650 nm, probably resulting from the octahedral ferric ions and magnetite. The BET and TEM/HRTEM image analyses yielded specific surface areas and an approximate crystallite size of 14 m2 g−1 and 19 nm, respectively. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm fitted the experimental data more than the Freundlich isotherm model. The well-fitted pseudo-second-order (PSO) model compared with the pseudo-first-order (PFO) model describes the chemisorption nature of the adsorption process. The negative free energy value confirms the spontaneity of the adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capability of the materials was 19 mg/g.

Insights into the Design of An Enzyme Free Sustainable Sensing Platform for Efavirenz

In this study, a new hybrid sensor was developed using titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) and nafion as an anchor agent on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE/TiO2-NPs-nafion) to detect efavirenz (EFV), an anti-HIV medication. TiO2-NPs was synthesized using Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract and characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The electrochemical and sensing properties of the developed sensor for EFV were assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The current response of GCE/TiO2-NPs-nafion electrode towards the oxidation of EFV was greater compared to the bare GCE and GCE/TiO2-NPs electrodes. A linear dynamic range of 4.5 to 18.7 µM with 0.01 µM limit of detection was recorded on the electrode using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The electrochemical sensor demonstrated good selectivity and practicality for detecting EFV in pharmaceuticals (EFV drugs) with excellent recovery rates, ranging from 92.0–103.9%. The reactive sites of EFV have been analyzed using quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). Monte Carlo (MC) simulations revealed a strong electrostatic interaction on the substrate-adsorbate (GCE/TiO2-NPs-nafion-EFV) system. Results show good agreement between the MC computed adsorption energies and the experimental CV results for EFV. The stronger adsorption energy of nafion onto the GCE/TiO2-NPs substrate contributed to the catalytic role in the signal amplification for sensing of EFV. Our results provide an effective way to explore the design of new 2D materials for sensing of EFV, which is highly significant in medicinal and materials chemistry.

Eucalyptus globulus Methanol Leaf Extract Improves Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Lipid Profile Levels and Haematological Sub-inflammatory Biomarkers in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Eucalyptus leaf is used traditionally to treat a lot of diseases, but little is known about its use in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. Objectives: Antidiabetic property of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract (EGLEX) was assessed on recent Makers of therapeutic response and diabetic disease progression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Eucalyptus globullus leaf powder (200 g) was extracted with methanol using standard procedure. Hyperglycemia was induced in Wistar rats with single intravenous dose of 50 mg/kg/bwt streptozotocin. The rats were divided into five groups (n = 5): Anormal control, B- diabetic control, C, D and E were diabetic rats treated with Eucalyptus globullus leaf extract (EGLEX), metformin and insulin respectively for four weeks. Samples were collected for biochemical and hematological studies. Data obtained were analysed using One Way Analysis of Variance at <0.05 significance level. Results and Conclusion: The results showed significant (p<0.05) blood glucose reduction of 68%, 51% and 68%, and weight gain of 17%, 18% and 11% in rats treated with EGLEX, metformin and insulin respectively. HBA1c level was significantly (p<0.05) raised (9.30%) in diabeticuntreated rats when compared with normal control (3.77%), EGLEX (4.24%), metformin (4.94%) and insulin (5.33%) groups. The deranged lipid profile indices, malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase activity, platelet count, % neutrophil and % lymphocyte were normalized in diabetic rats treated with EGLEX when compared with the values in diabetic untreated rats. The findings concluded that EGLEX possesses antidiabetic property and improves biomarkers of diabetic disease progression.

Ecological and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles from alcoholic extract of Eucalyptus globulus: Evaluation of alcoholic solvent influence (70° and 96°)

The present study provides an ecological and sustainable methodology for obtaining nanostructured material from Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract, as a potential value-added alternative and a contribution to circular economy. Silver nanoparticles (NP Ag) were synthesized, through the reducing action of the alcoholic extracts of eucalyptus on the precursor silver nitrate (AgNO3) evaluating the influence of alcoholic solvent (70 ° and 96 °) and pH in the synthesis. The silver colloids obtained were evaluated by UV-vis spectrophotometry, which shows the formation of nanoparticles through the plasmon resonance peak; showing that for pH values 9.9 and 10 with alcohol extract of 70 ° and 96 ° respectively, silver nanoparticles with plasmon resonance peaks at 410 nm and 412.5 nm are obtained. While for pH values 3.86, 11.8 (96°) and 4.7, 8.2 (70°) nanoparticles with higher polydispersity and in a lower proportion are obtained. The results suggest that the alcoholic extracts of eucalyptus can act as reducing agents and that the optimum pH value for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles corresponds to 10.

GC\u2013MS analysis, toxicological and oral glucose tolerance assessments of methanolic leaf extract of Eucalyptus globulus

BackgroundEucalyptus globulus leaf has shown promising potential in its efficacy to manage some diseases but little is known about its safety and its use in the management of diabetes. This study was designed to identify the bioactive compounds present in Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract (EGLEX), assess its toxic effects and its oral glucose tolerance ability. Powdered Eucalyptus globulus leaf was extracted with methanol using standard extraction procedure. Preliminary phytochemistry, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of the extract, its acute and subacute toxic effects and on its glucose tolerance (in-vivo) capability were assessed using standard laboratory techniques.ResultsEGLEX was tested positive for the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins and terpenoids. Nine compounds were identified by GCMS analysis of the leaf extract. EGLEX (up to 300 mg/kg bwt) showed no toxicity in all the rats dosed for the period of 14 days. The histomorphological study of the liver and kidney tissues harvested from rats dosed with 2000 mg/kg bwt showed features of histoarchitectural distortions in the two tissues. EGLEX (200 mg/kg bwt) further demonstrated effective glucose utilization as insulin and metformin.ConclusionsThe results obtained deduced that EGLEX is safe at a lower dose of 300 mg/kg bwt but toxic at higher dose of 2000 mg/kg bwt, and that single dose (200 mg/kg bwt) of the plant extract prevented hyperglycemia in normal rats.

Upregulation of PCSK9, rho kinase and cardiac troponin by Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract improves fructose-streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiac dysfunction in rats

Context The effect of Eucalyptus globulus in diabetic cardiac dysfunction and the possible mechanisms involved have not been explored. Objective To evaluate the effect of ethanol leaf extract of E. globulus (NEE) on the cardiac function of fructose/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods Type-2 diabetes was induced in rats with 10% fructose feeding for 14 days and an intraperitoneal administration of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin. Diabetic animals were treated with NEE (100–400 mg/kg) or 5 mg/kg glibenclamide orally for 21 days. Biochemical assays, histopathological examination and analyses of PCSK9, Rho kinase and Cardiac troponin expression were performed. Results The untreated diabetic group showed decreased expression of the genes, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, increased activities of creatine kinase MB and lactate dehydrogenase, reduced nitric oxide level, and depletion of cardiomyocytes, which were reversed in NEE treated groups. Conclusions Eucalyptus globulus ameliorated diabetic cardiac dysfunction through increased PCSK9, Rho kinase and Cardiac troponin expression.

Synthesis and characterization of starch nanocellulosic films incorporated with Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract

Carrot cellulose nano fibers (CNF) have been extracted from carrot pulp using acid hydrolysis process. The size of the CNF was in the range of 6.33–58.77 nm. Starch nano-composite films were manufactured using varying concentration of CNF (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) and mechanical properties of the films were studied at relative humidity 50% and 75%. Nano-composite films were manufactured using Eucalyptus globulus leafs extract (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%). Physio-chemical properties, antioxidant, antimicrobial, morphological and crystalline properties of the films were studied. Nano-composite films with 4% Eucalyptus globulus leafs extract was best to provide better barrier, antioxidant properties to grapes when wrapped and stored at room temperature (25 ± 2)°C for 7 days and refrigerator temperature (4 ± 1)°C for 28 days. Wrapped grapes with NCC/Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract stored for 28 days either at 25 °C or 4 °C had bacterial surface loads reduced up to 5 orders of magnitude compared to non-wrapped samples and had 4 orders of magnitude less bacterial surface loads than at the beginning of the experiments. Wrapped grapes with NCC/Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract significantly reduced the growth of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium and Penicillium spp. when the cells of these organisms were spiked onto grapes and the samples were stored either at (25 ± 2) °C or (4 ± 1) °C for 28 days.The results showed that nano-composite with 4% Eucalyptus globulus leafs extract films have immense potential as food packaging/wrapping material.

Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Eucalyptus globulus Labill. leaf extract and zinc nitrate hexahydrate salt

This study consists of a reliable process for synthesizing ZnO NPs by green method. Here, Eucalyptus globulus Labill. leaf extract is utilized as an efficient chelating and capping agent for synthesizing ZnO NPs from zinc nitrate hexahydrate salt. The plant ingredients, structure, morphology, thermal behavior, chemical composition and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles were investigated using several characterization techniques, namely XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, BET, Zeta potential, DLS, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, FT-IR analysis and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The UV–Vis and FTIR analysis of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract verified that this extract is a promising candidate for biosynthesizing ZnO NPs. The XRD spectrum, DLS and the SEM images confirmed the crystallinity and the spherical-shape of the ZnO NPs with an average size between 27 and 35 nm. The band-gap of the ZnO were measured to be around 2.67 eV. Zeta potential and BET analysis showed that, the biosynthesized ZnO NPs possess good stability and the their specific surface area is 23.481 m2/g. DSC analysis exhibits two endothermic peaks related to the water evaporation absorbed by the NPs and modification of zinc complex to zinc hydroxide, with a single exothermic peak related to the crystallization of ZnO NPs and degradation of organic materials.

Bio-functionalized CuO nanoparticles induced apoptotic activities in human breast carcinoma cells and toxicity against Aspergillus flavus: An in vitro approach

This study demonstrates a comprehensive and cost-effective one-step rapid bio-fabrication of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract (ELE) bio-actives functionalized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs); and analyze its apoptotic and toxic effects in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells and Aspergillus flavus. The state-of-art characterization data confirmed the thermal-stability of (i) ELE-CuONPs and (ii) surface associated ELE bio-active compounds bearing characteristic functional groups (aromaticOH, polymericOH, CO, and CO) over a range of conventional temperatures (30 °C–80 °C), and microwave (MW) heat (140 °C). The MW accelerated ELE-CuONPs (16.9 nm) treated (25−100 μg/ml) MCF-7 cells showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in viability due to the dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ROS accumulation, and disruption in normal cell cycle progression. Moreover, transcriptional up-regulation of mRNA expression of p53 (8.8 fold), bax (1.42 fold), caspase-3 (2.42 fold), and caspase-9 (3.34 fold) genes in the MCF-7 cells confirmed a mechanistic anti-cancer landscape of synthesized ELE-CuONPs. Furthermore, ELE-CuONPs inhibited sclerotia germination and growth of A. flavus. Conclusively, this study is novel in better demonstrating the formation of ELE-CuONPs that meets the principles of green chemistry. These findings can be used to develop strategies for the management of cancer and fungal infections affecting human health.

Chemical Profiling of Polyphenolics in Eucalyptus globulus and Evaluation of Its Hepato-Renal Protective Potential Against Cyclophosphamide Induced Toxicity in Mice.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a potent anti-neoplastic and immunosuppressive agent; however, it causes multi-organ toxicity. We elucidated the protective activities of Eucalyptus globulus (EG) leaf extract against CP-induced hepato–renal toxicity. Mice were treated with EG for 15 days plus CP on day 12 and 13 of the experiment. Using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, 26 secondary metabolites were identified in EG leaf extract. Out of them, 4 polyphenolic compounds were isolated: (1) 4-(O-β-d-xylopyranosyloxy)-3,5-di-hydroxy-benzoic acid, (2) 4-(O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-3,5-di-hydroxy-benzoic acid, (3) gallic acid, and (4) methyl gallate. Effects of EG extract on biochemical parameters, gene expression, and immune-histopathological changes were assessed in comparison to mesna positive control. Results showed that EG improved CP-increased serum ALT, AST, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels. The hepatic and renal tissue levels of MDA, nitric oxide, protein carbonyl, TNF-α, IL-6, and immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) and caspase-3 were reduced. Also, hepatic and renal GSH contents, and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRf2)/ hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling levels were increased. Histopathological findings supported our findings where hepatic and renal architecture were almost restored. Results revealed the protective effects of EG against CP-induced hepato–renal toxicity. These effects may be related to EG antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties coupled with activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.

Characterization and fungistatic activity of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract mediated phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles

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Green synthesis of nano-titania (TiO2 NPs) utilizing aqueous Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract: applications in the synthesis of 4H-pyran derivatives

We have presented the green synthesis and characterization of nano-titania (TiO2 NPs) by using Eucalyptus globulus leaf aqueous extract in a greener approach leading to their utilization as a catalyst in one-pot, three-component A3 coupling reactions. The composition of the as-prepared TiO2 NPs were confirmed by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering analysis and specific surface area measured by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. TiO2 NPs exhibited a pure anatase phase structure with an average particle size of 12 nm.

An In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Various Concentration of Eucalyptus globulus Leaf Extract on Periodontal Pathogens

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of various concentrations of Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract on periodontal pathogens. Matured, healthy and disease-free leaves of Eucalyptus globulus were collected. The leaves were washed under tap water and finally dried in an oven at a temperature of 45°C for 48 hours. The dried plants were ground in an electric blender to make them into a powder. The powder was mixed with 100% ethanol and kept it inside a shaker overnight at 35°C. The mixture was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 2,500 rpm. Three different concentrations (10%, 50%, and 100% v/v) were used as antibacterial agents. Chlorhexidine (0.2%) was considered as positive control and dimethyl formamide was considered as negative control against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the extract's antibacterial activity against the test organisms. A digital Vernier caliper was used to measure the diameter of antibacterial activity showing the zone of inhibition in millimeters. Eucalyptus globulus with 100% concentration showed a maximum zone of inhibition against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis (5.38 ± 0.32 mm, 4.82 ± 0.11 mm) followed by 50% and 10% accordingly. The negative control of dimethyl formamide showed a zone of inhibition of 0.48 ± 0.96 mm and 0.63 ± 0.20 mm against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The positive control of 0.2% chlorhexidine showed a zone of inhibition of 8.46 ± 1.02 mm and 7.18 ± 0.54 mm against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. The ANOVA test showed a highly significant antibacterial efficacy in 0.2% chlorhexidine and 100% concentration Eucalyptus globulus. A significant maximum zone of inhibition against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis was showed by 100% concentration of Eucalyptus globulus. Other than the systemic diseases treatment, Eucalyptus globulus also serves as an effective promising alternative to antibiotics in the prevention of oral infections because of the natural phytochemicals existing in them.

Conversion of coffee residue waste and Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract into an alternative solid fuel

ABSTRACTThis study presents the conversion of coffee residue and Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract wastes into a solid fuel. The biochar resulting from the carbonization process was developed into a briquette charcoal form. The calorific values of the briquettes were measured by a Parr Isoperibol Bomb Calorimeter and a maximum of 6378.99 cal/g was recorded. They also demonstrated a maximum moisture content of 5.33%, fixed carbon content of 37.67%, ash content of 35%, and volatile matter of 62.50%. The briquettes showed a better quality compared to the commercially available charcoals in the study area, indicating the potential of the briquettes for use as a solid fuel. The results of this work show the prospect of reducing the volume of waste by converting it into energy.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by using Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Extract

A single step eco-friendly, energy efficient and economically scalable green method was employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles. In this work, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract as reducing and capping agent along with water as solvent at normal room temperature is described. Silver nanoparticles were prepared from aqueous silver nitrate solution by adding the leaf extract. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by using UV–visible Spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIS). X-ray diffraction studies brought to light the crystalline nature and the face centered cubic structure of the silver nanoparticles. Using HR-TEM. the nano sizes and morphology of the particles were studied. The mean sizes of the prepared silver nanoparticles ranged from 30 to 36 nm. The density of the particles was tuned by varying the molar ratio of silver nitrate. FTIS studies showed the functional group of organic molecules which were located on the surface of the silver nanoparticles. Originating from the leaf extracts, these organic molecules reduced and capped the particles.