Ethnography Of Communication Approach Research Articles

POLITENESS VIOLATION IN EFL CLASSROOM: AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF COMMUNICATION APPROACH TO CLASSROOM INTERACTION

In every English learning class, there must be a process of communication between lecturers and students, upholding intellectual values in communicating. Both have different social distancing that will make some politeness violations in classroom. Politeness is an important factor in human interaction, a behavior polished by relying on social conventions, institutionalized and socially evaluated. This research aims to analyze the politeness violation in EFL classroom and the most dominant of politeness violation by means of descriptive qualitative method, revealing social phenomena, using an ethnographic of communication approach. The participants of this study are three lecturers and the students of three English classes. The study uses a qualitative descriptive method and ethnography of communication approach. The results of this study show politeness violation of tact maxim, 42,30 %, approbation maxim, 9,61 %, generosity maxim, 3,85%, modesty maxim, 13,46%, agreement maxim, 25%, and sympathy maxim, 5,76%. The most dominant politeness violation is politeness violation of tact maxim.

PEMILIHAN BAHASA DALAM CERAMAH AGAMA ISLAM DI TEMBILAHAN, RIAU

Tembilahan is the capital of the Indragiri Hilir regency in Riau and is nicknamed a worship city because of the Islamic influence brought by the ulama from South Borneo. Its community consists of various ethnic groups, such as Banjar, Malay, Buginese, Javanese, Minangkabau, and others, with the majority adherents of Islam. This diversity raises problems regarding the choice of language in the religious setting. This paper examines language choice patterns and the factors that determine the choice of languages. The data are drawn by using document analysis and the introspection method. The ethnography of communication approach was used to analyze the data. It reveals that five languages were used (Indonesian, Arabic, Banjar, Riau Malay Coastal dialect, and Javanese) by applying code-switching and code-mixing, thus forming nine patterns of language choice. The factors that determine the choice of those languages are ethnic and language background, the speaker's language competence, the speech's situation, and the speaker's purposes. The purposes of language choice are to emphasize, teach, respect, give an example, pray, quote Al-Quran and Hadith, praise Allah, quote others' statements, and humour. The conclusion is Banjar language is used as the dominant language. Even though there is still no found language use with a single variation in the Islamic sermons in Tembilahan, it shows that the Tembilahan community is classified as a multilingual society that can use more than one language.

PHONOLOGICAL CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN INDONESIAN AND MADURESE LANGUAGE : A STUDY OF ETHNOGRAPHY OF COMMUNICATION

Vernacular or local language as general used by several communities which is admitted by cultural symbol of those communities. Such as Madurese Language. Madurese language is interesting to be analyzed due to the various dialect which available. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the language variety which exists in Madurese language. It also elaborates the phonological correspondence which is occurred between Indonesian and Madurese language. This study uses ethnography of communication approach that is formulated by Dell Hymes. Furthermore, to conduct this study, the library research method is applied to serve the data. This study finds out some different dialects and speech levels which exist in Madurese language. subsequently, some various phonological correspondences also occur between Indonesian and Madurese language

Environmental Metaphors in Randai Traditional Performance in Minangkabau: Ethnographic Study

Minangkabau Randai is one of the traditional arts from West Sumatera, Indonesia that combines four different aspects: silat, theater, music and dancing. The purpose of Randai is to spread moral values of Minangkabau tradition by using a story called kaba. This research discusses the communication patterns used in Randai. Descriptive qualiative method is used in the research and the data collection is done by doing library research. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, Randai could not be performed and thus the data are taken from video recording. The title of the Randai performance discussed is Rambun Pamenan and ethnography of communication approach is used to analyze the data by using Hymes’ theory of unit of analysis. The result of the research shows that the communicative event takes place on an open field and there are five communicative events done by the speakers: the opening of Randai, the opening for kaba, dendang, the play for kaba and closing. The communicative acts in the play for kaba are in the form of dialogue, which contain verses and environmental metaphors. The position of women in Minangkabau culture is represented through the environmental metaphors in the dialogue.

Communicative Pattern of Sebar Punjen Tradition in Srobyong Village, Jepara

There are various cultures in Indonesia, one of which is the tradition of sebar punjen in the wedding ceremony. The aim of this research is to find out the communication patterns in the sebar punjen tradition. This study used qualitative research with ethnography of communication approach. In this study, researchers applied data collection techniques using observation, interview, record, and note. The data used in this study consisted of two types, namely primary data and secondary data. This research used Dell Hymes' SPEAKING theory. The results of this study indicate that there is a communicative situation in the tradition of sebar punjen. That tradition is performed at the house of the bride with the last child and is held at night. This communicative event is preceded by an opening which is done by the elders, the parents of their son-in-law, and the grandchildren then form a line. Elders give advice to their children, children-in-law, and grandchildren. After the prayer from the elders is finished, the line goes around uborampe (offerings) in unison. Then the elders spread coins mixed with yellow rice and spices to relatives and neighbors and then scramble to take coins.

Environmental Local Wisdom Represented in Communication Patterns of Batimbang Tando in Minangkabau’s Culture

The forms of culture are diverse. One of them is a wedding ceremony. In Minangkabau’s culture, several processes have to be done before the wedding ceremony, and one of them is Batimbang Tando (engagement). This research aims to discuss the communication patterns in the process of Batimbang Tando in Minangkabau’s culture. This research is descriptive qualitative using ethnography of communication approach. The data in this research were obtained from the informants involved in the events. To collect the data, the researchers used non-participant observation by interviewing with note-taking technique. To analyze the data, the researchers used Hymes’s theory of SPEAKING. The result shows that the Batimbang Tando event took place in the boy’s house. In this event, there are several communicative events, such as; Pasambahan, batuka tando, makan bajamba and manantuan ari. In this event, the communication process (pasambahan) uses subtle Minangkabau languages in the form of pantun and talibun. The use of plants like Siriah (betel leaf) and Pinang (areca nut) to symbolize life in Pasambahan indicated that culture and environment could not be separated as they function to preserve harmonious relations between nature and cultural life.

The Transmission of Moral and Cultural Values across Borders: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Moral and Cultural Writings on Vehicles in Southwestern Nigeria

Using the ethnography of communication approach as the research construct, an examination is made of the domain of writings and stickers on vehicles that communicate moral and cultural values to the type of reader who constitutes the major audience for this type of vehicle insignia. The data used were drawn from face-to-face interviews and questionnaires, as well as from writings on commercial vehicles in southwestern Nigeria. Findings show that writings on vehicles that convey moral and cultural values are veritable linguistic instruments for imparting edifying messages that can help in redirecting and reorientating the general public.

AKTIVITAS KOMUNIKASI MASYARAKAT HINDU TAMIL DALAM UPACARA THAIPUSAM DI SINGAPURA

This research aims to investigating Hindu Tamil community’s communication activities on Thaipusam ceremony at Singapore. A qualitative design with Ethnography of communication approach is used on this research. The data collection method is observation and participation on the research subject’s daily live, in-depth interview with 29 respondents who was decided purposively, literature study, also documents and data analysis that related to research objects.
 The results show that Communicative Situation on Thaipusam ceremony at Singapore take place until five kilometers, which started from Sri Sinivasa Perumal Temple at Serangoon Road, and ended at Sri Thendayuthapani Temple at Tank Road. Communicative Events on Thaipusam ceremony which followed by Hindu Tamil Community is the expression of gratitude and penance. The ceremony started at 02.00 P.M. local time, and ended at 04.00 P.M. on the next day. The Language that is used during the ceremonial ritual is the language from participants community’s origin, which is Tamil. Communicative Action which is done on the Thaipusam ceremony expressed on both verbal and non-verbal forms, such as utterances, pictures or photographs, praise gesture, facial expression, and clothes with orange domination. The glory of goodness from evil is symbolized through the use of “vel” and “kavadi” which are used during the ceremony.

Atur Pasrah and Panampi in Javanese Wedding Ceremony as a Way to Preserve Harmonious Social Environment

This is a qualitative study using an ethnography of communication approach. The purpose is to analyze speech acts of atur pasrah and panampi as a part of Javanese wedding rituals,. Atur pasrah and panampi is a Javanese ritual by which the groom receives the bride’s family after the wedding ceremony, and it is conducted by giving a speech from the groom through a representative of the family. This study was conducted in Mundu, Klaten, Central Java, and the data were obtained by from a video recording of a Javanese wedding ceremony downloaded from a youtube channel. In addition, we also interviewed some competent informants who are commonly involved in such a ceremony. The result of the study shows that there is discourse structure found in atur pasrah and panampi which reflects Javanese culture. Besides, some communicative acts found in the ceremony cover declarative, representative, expressive, directive, and commisive, which are bound to Javanese local wisdom. This needs to be preserved as a way to strengthen harmonious social environmnent.

Talking about mindfulness: An ethnography of communication analysis of two speech communities

Mindfulness as a concept and practice has gained significant recognition, referenced and employed in both academic studies and the popular press. Broad conclusions are drawn about its relationships to other variables and its impacts or benefits. Taking an Ethnography of Communication approach, we perform a communication codes analysis on two speech communities (popular press articles and academic journal articles) to determine what each references when writing about ‘mindfulness.’ Academic articles were more likely to include explicit definitions, tending to include both ‘attention’ and ‘awareness’; popular article definitions emphasized awareness only and referenced the religious basis of mindfulness. Both academic and popular articles conflate mindfulness with meditation and delineate what it is not to offer more emphasis on what it is.

The Influence of Social Deixis in Students’ Conversation

In this study, we focused on the influence of social deixis on maintaining the level of politeness. The subject of this study was about speaking classroom activity of the eleventh year students of SMA N 3 Semarang. We intended to prove that social deixis influences the level of politeness and describe what factors influence it. This type of study was qualitative research since we did not collect the numerical data. The data was collected in the form of sentences. Research Method used in this study was a discourse study. In this study, we used the ethnography of communication approach since this study talked about social relation between people. In this study, the students were asked to use the social deixis and the level of politeness appropriately. Furthermore, there were observations, questionnaire and interview as this research instruments. The findings of the study showed that there were three factors that influenced social deixis on maintaining the level of politeness based on the students’ conversation. Those were social rank, social distance and formality.

An Ethnography of Communication: Viva Voce in a Ghanaian University

Over the last few decades, researchers have shown much interest in written academic genres to the detriment of spoken academic genres, though spoken genres such as viva voces are quintessential to postgraduate studies and form part of the enculturation process of novice academics. Using the ethnography of communication approach as proposed by Dell Hymes and focusing on setting, participant and act sequence, this paper examined how these elements of ethnography are operative in three recordings of viva voces organised by a department of a university in Ghana. The study revealed that the setting, day, scene, and clothing of participants highlight the formal nature of viva voces, a finding which projects academics as business-minded individuals. Further, it was revealed that the participants of viva voces are usually academics who share similar beliefs and engage in practices cherished by the community of practice. The relationship between candidates and the assessors, was asymmetrical and power-laden as realized though the address terms and lexico-grammatical choices that the candidates make. Finally, the study revealed that the viva voces are organized into four schematic structures. The study makes key contributions to scholarship on postgraduate pedagogy, text construction, and ethnography of communication.

Gethok Tular, Pola Komunikasi Gerakan Sosial Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Samin di Sukolilo

The social movement that strongly opposed the construction of cement plant in Sukolilo, Pati, Central Java constitutes a unique social movement. This movement, which is known as protest action, was conducted in a non violent way. One of the ways to embrace people in Sukolilo is by using communication strategy, called as ‘gethok tular’. This is a communication strategy based on local wisdom owned by Samin community. In its growth, gethok tular has formed communication pattern in Samin’s social movement. The communication pattern of gethok tular is in the form of informal communication. This paper was based on the result of constructivist research using ethnography of communication approach. Direct and in-depth interviews were employed to collect data.

KISAH ULAMA/KIAI SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENYAMPAIAN PESAN WARGA NAHDLATUL ULAMA ETNIK MADURA

This article describes the telling of the story of adorable ulama/kiai (moslem religious leader) as communication strategy. The study uses the qualitative method by applying ethnography of communication approach. It collected the data through participatory observation and non participatory observation, interview, and recording. It transcribed the data in the form of recordings into a written form and analyzed them descriptively using ethnographic methods of communication through speech component analysis, and discourse analysis with the concept of pragmatics. The research result shows that the telling of the story of ulama/kiai in the speech can be used as a strategy for delivering messages among the members of Nahdlatul Ulama of Madurese ethnic group. It can raise the audience’s concentration to listen and understand the speech delivered by the speakers.

Ethnography of Communication and History: A Case Study of Diplomatic Intertextuality and Ideology

This article shows that an ethnography of communication approach is not only relevant to an understanding of how ways of speaking and language codes define the social-group boundaries of specific speech communities, but (1) that it can be equally pertinent to the analysis of the ideologies and language use of certain communities of practice, and (2) that it can be used to trace historical developments in such communities of practice intertextually. The “community of practice” on which I concentrate is the evolving segment of the world of international diplomacy that was preoccupied with the formulation of legal frameworks regulating warfare from 1856 to 1939. The source materials consist of a compilation of treaty texts, and the focus of the analysis is (a) on basic communicative terminology surrounding concepts such as arbitration, armistice, declarations of war and of neutrality, mediation, ultimatum, and the like, and (b) on regulatory discourse surrounding means of communication, from “bearers of flags of truce” to cables, postal correspondence, telegraph ships, and wireless telegraphy. Ingredients of context-specific and historically situated ideology of communication are brought to the foreground.

Pola Komunikasi Warga NU Etnis Madura sebagai Budaya Aternalistik

This article aims to discribe the communication patterning of WNUEM, that involves the community of NU and kiai as participant. The qualitative method and ethnography of communication approach is used to attain the goal of research. The research found, that the communication patterning of WNUEM reflect the paternalistic culture, that has became the tradition since their living in Islamic boarding house.

On Virtual Face-Work: An Ethnography of Communication Approach to a Live Chat Reference Interaction

Erving Goffman’s theoretical framework and concept of face-work has the potential to greatly increase the understanding of interpersonal dynamics in computer-mediated communication realms. This research used an ethnography of communication approach and the concept of face-work to analyze the transcript of an interaction between a librarian and a library user in a Web-based virtual reference service environment. This highly goal-oriented interaction, even though it lacks the immediacy of face-to-face interaction, was found to be a rich source of face-work.

An ethnography of communication approach to mobile product testing

Product testing of mobile communication technology has typically employed the same research methodologies that were traditionally applied to stationary technology. An approach that does not primarily rely on physical location to study mobile communication technologies is thus needed. The stable component of mobile communication technology is not physical space but human communication. Therefore, a research model is developed based on an ethnography of communication approach, which designates “talk” (i.e., symbolic communication) as the primary and essential unit of measurement while making stationary physical location secondary. This allows design teams to enter a user “speech community” anywhere. Eight participants tested both the stationary and mobile version of customer relationship management software for sales. All participants were professional salespeople, comprising a speech community. Users articulated their “local” speech community meaning systems in the form of scenarios of use, which can guide product design and marketing. The findings show that proof-of-concept testing of mobile versions of desktop software can be done in conjunction with the usability testing for stationary technology.

The origin of contrastive rhetoric revisited

Connor (1996, 1997) claims that the origin of early contrastive rhetoric lies in the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis of linguistic relativity. This article argues that her claim does not appear tenable. The Sapir-Whorf view of language as a causal determination is not compatible with Kaplan's (1966) position that rhetoric is evolved out of a culture. Furthermore, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is actually rooted in German ideas which also conflict with Kaplan's view. On the other hand, Hymes’ethnography of communication approach can be seen as an important historical antecedent for contrastive rhetoric. Kaplan's view appears to reinforce Hymes’position that it is culture rather than the linguistic form which is the frame of reference for the use of language.

Playful Uses of Literacy Among Urban Adolescents

One of the least studied domains of literacy is its artistic and playful use in everyday life. In this folkloric domain, oral and written forms co-exist as part of a larger system of communication. Although literacy studies have been decidedly inter-disciplinary, combining cross-cultural cognitive psychology, education, history, classic literature, and ethnography, only the ethnography of communication approach enlarges the scope from a study of reading and writing to include studies of the relationship between oral and written forms. A few folklorists have investigated some areas where writing crossed the path of traditional verbal arts (Rosenberg in Folklore Studies in Honor of Herbert Halpert, 1980; Dundes and Pagter, Work Hard and You Shall Be Rewarded, 1979; and Stahl in Folklore Studies Reprint Series, No 3, 1974), but folklorists have not entered the debates on the consequences of literacy, and Albert Lord's (The Singer of Tales, n.d.) important discoveries concerning epic transmission remain the only discussion of verbal arts in literacy scholarship.