Ethnocultural Characteristics Research Articles

Health promotion expectations and perceptions of sport club participants.

To develop health promotion (HP) in sports clubs (SCs), stakeholders need to know the HP expectations of sports participants. However, the literature does not provide information on these aspects, which exacerbates the difficulty for SCs to provide an environment, activities and organization that promote health and to play the role entrusted to them in the integration of vulnerable populations. To fill this gap, this study explores the HP expectations and perceptions of sports participants, with a particular focus on ethnocultural characteristics, and documents participants' understanding of HP. A descriptive qualitative study comprising semi-structured interviews was carried out with 22 French and Quebec sports participants. Because they have little experience with HP in their SC, participants do not seem to have many expectations of their SC in terms of HP. Nevertheless, they felt that SCs can play an important role in health and suggested several themes and types of action, such as seminars on nutrition, activities outside the SC to develop cohesion or health monitoring. Sports participants from ethnocultural minorities seem to appreciate the programs designed to integrate them. There is a predominantly physical conception of health and the contribution of SCs to health, and the relationship between the types of health determinants (economic, environmental, organizational and social) and health is not clear. This study shows that the idea of a health-promoting SC appeals to SC participants, but this approach has not yet taken root in this setting or in society as a whole.

მოსახლეობის აღწერა - მდგრადი განვითარების მონიტორინგის მნიშვნელოვანი ინსტრუმენტი

Among the global problems in the world, one of the important topics is the demographic situation. Basic and accurate parameters of the demographic situation are collected during the census, that is why the general population census is an event of national importance. Like the rest of the world, population censuses in Georgia have a centuries-old history. The frequency and main characteristics of the censuses were conducted at different times with different purposes and interests. It is based on the methodology developed by the United Nations and is conducted in accordance with unified, standard and normative indicators. The introduction of a whole series of innovations is designed for sustainable development in accordance with the task of the 2030 agenda. The use of census data shows us that the role and importance of censuses in the modern global world has grown even more. The "Recommendations of the Conference of European Statisticians for the 2020 Round of the Population and Housing Census", which was prepared by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) for the 2015 round, is particularly noteworthy. The recommendations addressed such important aspects of the population census as data privacy and security, legislation, definitions of terms, phases of the census, publication and dissemination of results, quality assurance and quality management, and technologies used in the census process. Along with the given recommendations, the document focuses on the list of data that countries should receive in the 2020 round of population and housing census, namely: population, its geographical, demographic and economic characteristics; Agriculture, education, migration, ethno-cultural characteristics, disabilities, household and family characteristics and housing characteristics. The census of 2024 will provide us with important and versatile information, which is necessary to assess the demographic situation in the country, to clearly see the existing problems and challenges. The new population census methodology developed by the United Nations and, accordingly, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFDA) includes a number of innovations in the census questionnaire, which deals with immigration status, disabilities, type of marriage and marriage registration. The introduction of innovations is designed for sustainable development in accordance with the task of the 2030 agenda.

РУССКИЙ СИБИРЯК В НЕСОВМЕСТИМОЙ СОВМЕСТИМОСТИ ЗАПАДА И ВОСТОКА

The history of “Russian Eurasia” represents a variant of the formation of a socio-cultural community of Russian Siberians in the process of adaptation of the population to the challenges of the factors of the new environment. The natural, social, ethnocultural characteristics of the Siberian region were transformed under the influence of factors of Russian material and spiritual culture. At the same time, within the culture of the first Russian generations of Siberia and in the consciousness of its bearers, changes in conformity with the environment took place according to the feedback principle of small impulses of “micromutations”. During the XVII–XVIII centuries the results of the mutual adaptation of the society of Russian old-timers and the environment was the formation of a new “place of development”, sub-ethnic identity, self-awareness and character. Mentality and traditions in the process of cultural adaptation in the 18th–19th centuries are fixed in cultural traditions in the recombination of mutations that underwent natural selection at the level of genetic programs and the structure of ethnic constants. The society of old-timers continuously socialized new settlers into their midst. The stage-by-stage dynamics of adaptation contained stages of material, social and psychological “getting used to” them in the community of Russian old-timers. The process of one and a half centuries of adaptation to an extreme environment transformed the traditional irrational, sensory-emotional “worldview” into the rational, pragmatic psychology of “western man.” A process in which rational “thought gave birth” to stereotypes of an active, pragmatic transformer of the world. At the same time, in the value attitudes of the Orthodox-pagan worldview of the world, the attitudes of conscientiousness, humility, sympathy, mercy, and compassion increased compensatoryly among the old-timers. These value factors, according to Russian and generally Eastern traditions, were determined by the concept of “soul”. In the postulates of Russian culture, this factor is reflected in the saying “The soul gives birth to character.”Hence, the harsh realities of physical adaptation of the old-timers formed in them external behavioral rationality, the origins of psychological attitudes go back to Slavic-Russian ethnic spirituality. As a result of the ethnopsychological analysis, the author of the paper made an innovative conclusion: the incompatibility of the civilizational poles of rationality and spirituality was overcome by the formation of the quality of moral rationality in the character of the Russian Siberian.

A narrative of meeting a computer: A cognitive-ethnographic study of self-directed computer learning

In this study, the self-directed learning (SDL) processes of children who have never used a computer before were examined within the cultural context they live in. In accordance with the subject of the research, a village, located in a rural area of the Southeastern Anatolia region in Turkey, where crucial digital divide and low socioeconomic conditions exist, was chosen to reach the children who have not used a computer before. By using a “cognitive ethnography” research design, the cultural foundations of cognitive processes were evaluated and authentic data were obtained. The research includes a long-term participatory observation over a period of two summer terms in accordance with the nature of ethnographic studies. The research group consists of 46 children, ages 6 to 11. Throughout the research, the children were elaborately observed on how they managed to organize their SDL process without any guidance when they were left with computers. In the process, children’s learning and how they had been affected by the guidance and collaborative work were examined by giving them simple clues, asking them questions to foster curiosity, and allowing them to form groups. The observation process has spread to many moments of the day, such as students’ social environments, living conditions at home, and learning processes at the computer. Open coding and axial coding methods were used in data analysis. As a result of the study, it was observed that demographic variables, guidance, and ethnocultural characteristics have a significant impact on children’s learning behaviors. The research findings show that: (1) In the SDL process, unconscious explorations and trial and error gradually give way to conscious reasoning, (2) The SDL process becomes more effective with some guidance focusing on the needs of a student and collaborative learning, (3) Girls mostly preferred word processing and drawing applications, while boys preferred games and research on the Internet, (4) Although boys display a more confident and dominant attitude towards computers, girls have used applications effectively throughout the process, and (5) The older age group, especially accustomed to the cultural and classroom authoritarian approach, had difficulty in getting used to the SDL autonomy at the beginning. Details in research findings present vital data within the context of the impact of cultural background on the educational processes and evaluating this impact in terms of education programs.

Структурно-семантические и этнокультурные особенности карачаево-балкарских пареми-ческих высказываний с зоокомпонентом ит ʻсобакаʼ

The article examines Karachay-Balkarian paremic utterances with a zoonymic component “dog”, as well as their structural, semantic, and ethnocultural characteristics. According to the paper, such syntactic constructions are diverse because dogs are important in traditional society. For the same reason, they are variable, with structural variation determined by the interchangeability of the sentence’s constituents, represented by names, verbs, and phrases. This has a significant im-pact on their paradigmatics, as affirmative and negative constructions are more commonly repre-sented. The Karachay-Balkarian paremic fund is dominated by proverbial structures modeled after simple sentences. Proverbs that resemble complex sentences, as well as polynomial paremic statements, have found their niche. All of them are ethno- and linguoculturally marked, represent-ing a relevant segment of the global national picture.

The Concept of “Dreams (While Sleeping)” in the Proverbial Context of the Russian and Kyrgyz Languages

This article conducts a linguistic and cultural analysis of proverbial expressions, we tried to identify the specifics of linguistic verbalization of the linguistic and cultural concept of “dreams (while sleeping) / сон (Russian) / түш (Kyrgyz)” in the Russian and Kyrgyz linguistic proverbial space. The combination of sustainable forms produces a proverbial space of language, which reflects the entire history of life, way of life and experience, folk observations, conclusions, traditions and customs of each nation. By conducting linguistic studies of each language, linguists identify the ethnocultural characteristics of each language, depending on such extralinguistic factors as: geographical location, mental processes in the consciousness of a certain ethnic group and worldview. The relevance of this survey is the importance of the linguistic and cultural concepts, semantic descriptions of the features of Russian and Kyrgyz paroemia, which are an integral part of the national linguistic picture of the world. The concepts of “dreams (while sleeping) / сон (Russian) / туш (Kyrgyz)” considered by are an important state of human existence, the basic concept of any linguistic culture.

ДЕЯКІ ЕТНОКУЛЬТУРНІ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КАЗАХІВ РЕСПУБЛІКИ КАЗАХСТАН

An objective understanding of the psychological characteristics of a person is impossible outside the ethnocultural context. At the same time, cultural processes are constantly changing under the influence of various factors. These changes in culture affect the way people live and perceive reality. This review examines some ethnocultural psychological features of the Kazakhs of the Republic of Kazakhstan, including historical and cultural determinants of the psychology of modern Kazakhs; features of national stereotypes; the influence of national psychology on the interaction and behavior of people in organizations, and the specifics of the implementation of managerial functions by leaders; and the influence of national psychology on the behavior of Kazakhs in conflict situations. To achieve these goals, the issues of historical memory of the Kazakh people, ethnogenesis, as well as other factors that characterize the Kazakh mentality, are studied. Thus, the mentality of the people is dominated by hospitality, respect for older relatives, eloquence, the nomad cult, and tolerance. These features represent only a small part of Kazakh culture, which may differ depending on the region, social context, and characteristics of each representative of the ethnic group. Understanding the ethnocultural characteristics of Kazakhs contributes to effective cross-cultural interaction, communication, successful business and work, mutual respect, and tolerance. Furthermore, nowadays the need to study the ethnocultural psychological features of the Kazakh ethnic group is emphasized considering the military invasion of Russia in Ukraine.

Conditions contributing to productive family-school cooperation aimed at developing civic iden-tity and patriotism in adolescents: With the main focus on representatives of indigenous small-numbered peoples (the Kumandins)

Introduction. The article examines the problem of productive cooperation between family and school aimed at the development of civic identity and patriotism in Kumandin adolescents as representatives of indigenous small-numbered people, taking into account their ethno-cultural characteristics. The purpose of this article is to identify the conditions enhancing productive cooperation between family and school in solving the problems of forming civic identity and patriotism in Kumandin adolescents. Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of this study includes scientific works by leading experts devoted to the formation of civic identity and patriotism. The empirical data were obtained in Altai Krai in 2023-2023. The study used ‘My Ethnicity’ sociological questionnaire, which enabled the authors to identify cognitive and affective aspects of adolescents’ ethnic identity. Using the scale of civic consciousness as patriotism and nationalism of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) allowed to assess constructive and non-constructive manifestations of adolescents’ civic identity. Also, the authors used D. J. Finney’s Ethnic Identity Scale for assessing adolescents’ ethnic identity. In order to identify factors determining the formation of civic identity and patriotism in Kumandin adolescents, a survey of school teachers was conducted and moral education curricula were analyzed. The study involved 90 Kumandin adolescents. Results. The article presents a theoretical analysis of approaches to the formation of civic identity and patriotism. The results of the study showed that the majority of Kumandin adolescents demonstrated a high level of ethnic identification. Based on research data obtained by means of D. J. Finney’s inventory, the authors identified high internal consistency in the manifestations of cognitive and emotional components of adolescents’ ethnic identity. The authors revealed significant features in the intensity of various components of civic and ethnic identity among Kumandin adolescents compared to representatives of other nationalities. In particular, statistically significant strong (d from 0.65 to 0.92) differences were found for all indicators of ethnic identity according to D. J. Finney’s method, with average values higher among Kumandin adolescents. At the same time, it has been found that Kumandin adolescents have a poor understanding of the culture and traditions of their ethnic group, practically do not speak the Kumandin language, and do not strive to demonstrate their belonging to the indigenous people. The study showed the need for schools to organize conditions for productive cooperation between family and school aimed at the formation of civil identity and patriotism in Kumandin adolescents: targeted and systematic educational work on studying Kumandin culture and preserving the language in classes attended by Kumandin students, involving the family as part of civic and patriotic education by means of social projects, engaging Kumandin teenagers to participate in civic and patriotic events related to their ethnic characteristics, developing recommendations for teacher. Conclusions. Based on the data obtained, the authors identified the conditions for productive cooperation between family and school aimed at developing civic identity and patriotism in Kumandin adolescents.

Teachers and parents’ perception towards the use of local languages from grade one to grade four in six selected urban and rural schools of Kabwe District, Zambia

Teaching learners in local languages enables learners to learn from known to unknown and learners understand given instructions faster while perception influences education and its values. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate teachers’ perception towards the use of local languages from Grades one to four in six selected primary schools of Kabwe district in the Central province of Zambia. Six head teachers, 24 teachers, 18 PTA Executive members, and 36 parents from six primary schools in Kabwe district, plus 3 district education officers were purposively sampled for the study. Data was collected using questionnaires and in-depth interviews to allow the researcher a platform to ask open-response questions and to explore the teachers’ perceptions towards the use of local languages. The data was analyzed thematically by carefully identifying and expanding significant themes that emerged from the respondents’ perceptions of the use of local languages. The study revealed that teenage pregnancy has a negative or detrimental effect on school attendance, academic performance, emotional behavior, and relationships between pregnant teenagers, their peers, and educators. The Study revealed that more administrators and teachers preferred their pupils to be taught in local languages from Grade 1 up to the University levels while a few were in favor of using English as a medium of instruction and only very few felt that it was more appropriate to use both languages during a child’s early stages of learning. Given these findings, the study recommended steps that should be taken to develop local language policies that do not enhance a child’s academic success and cognitive development but are also respective of ethno cultural characteristics and supportive of national unity.

Surprise from the East. A Quiver or Bowcase Loop from the Ancillary Settlement in Gdańsk

Archaeological explorations carried out between Tartaczna and Panieńska streets in Gdańsk has provided a wealth of movable historical artefacts. One of them is a quiver/bowcase loop made of antler. The article discusses typological classification, comparative analysis, dating and ethnocultural characteristics of the artefact. Antler and iron elements of quivers and bowcases are very rare in Poland and all of them are considered to be elements of foreign culture: Rus’ or Hungarian.

The Role and Importance of a City and District Police as Bodies of Administrative Justice in the Context of the Integration of Siberia into the Russian Empire in 1782–1862

The creation and development of the police administration system in Siberia was one of the most important aspects of the state's regional policy. The purpose of this study is to determine the role and significance of city and zemstvo police as administrative justice bodies in the context of Siberia's integration into the Russian Empire from 1782 to 1862. This perspective offers a new approach to studying the integration of the macro-region into Russia. The study is based on the concept of frontier modernization, whose legal aspects have not been explored in science. The sources used include regulatory legal acts of the Russian Empire and records management materials extracted from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive, the Archive of the Altai region, and the State Historical Archive of the Omsk region. The author concludes that the legislative decisions of the imperial power regarding the development of police administration bodies took into account the geographical, demographic, economic, and ethno-cultural characteristics of Siberia and its various regions. The legislation established specific functions and powers for city and zemstvo police in the field of justice. The activities of these bodies as administrative justice organs have become a significant factor in the defrontierization and subsequent modernization of the vast eastern periphery of the Russian Empire.

Брендинг Республики Адыгея на основе традиционных и инновационных технологий

Based on the analysis of the main brands of the Republic of Adygea, the article provides their classification taking into account the historical, natural and ethno-cultural characteristics of the region. Branding is considered as one of the directions of identity politics, along with symbolic politics and memory politics. The review of modern publications and regulatory documents devoted to branding policy in the republic is carried out. The main traditional and innovative practices and branding trends of the region are outlined. It is argued that in 2022 the traditional technologies were supplemented by innovative ones, timed to the centenary of Adygea’s statehood, which contributed to the full promotion of the region’s brands. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that regional institutions of power implement a successful identity policy, the component part of which is the brand-ing of the region. This prospect is complemented by the recommendations for further improvement and promo-tion of Adygea’s brands.

Концепция регионального учебного курса образовательной области «духовно-нравственная культура народов России» (на примере Архангельской области)

The article reveals the importance of spiritual and moral education at school and the role of the educational field "Fundamentals of spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia" in this process. The concept of a regional curriculum within the framework of the educational field "Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia" for the Arkhangelsk region is proposed, which allows students to assimilate and translate into practical action and behavior of the highest spiritual values of the culture of their people in the context of the culture of the regional community based on the system of values of the corresponding denomination (Orthodoxy).An approximate thematic and lesson plan of the educational school course on the "Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia" for the 5th grade of the Arkhangelsk region and the general outlines of the sample program for other regions in which Orthodoxy serves as a cultural factor are presented. It is emphasized that in the process of deployment, based on the curriculum of the educational school course, threads are stretched from all its sections to the culture of the Arkhangelsk region.It is suggested that on the basis of the proposed programs, it is possible to present a federal basic general education program on the "Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia", which will allow developing programs for each region that will take into account the confessional, national and ethno-cultural characteristics of all subjects of the Russian Federation. These training courses will continue the modules "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and secular Ethics" from the fifth to the ninth grade.The federal basic general education program will emphasize the historical and cultural unity of Russia with all the diversity of the peoples inhabiting it. It is assumed that this axiom was the starting point for the creation of the educational field "Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia"

MIGRATION PROCESSES IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC: TRENDS, PROBLEMS

Migration processes in Russia and its regions at the present stage are an urgent object of study by specialists in the humanities due to their scale and consequences associated with the demographic development of the country. Regional historiography also focused on the aspects of migration situation related to population decline. The scientific novelty of the study consists in a comprehensive historical analysis of the migration situation in the Chuvash Republic in 2001–2020, which makes it possible to identify the features and conditional periods of migration in the region.
 
 The purpose of the research is to study the processes, scales and models of migration behavior of Chuvashia’s population, taking into account socio–demographic parameters, to identify trends and problems. Migration of the population is considered in connection with the processes of ethno-cultural development and the state of interethnic relations. Attention is paid to the study of the population’s attitude to migration and migrants.
 
 Materials and methods. The main sources of the study were statistical and archival data, official documents, the results of sociological surveys, media materials. The dynamics of the population’s attitude to migration processes is based on the results of sociological surveys of the Republic’s population, which have a monitoring nature. Migration of the population was assessed using statistical data analysis, the method of mass questioning was used in sociological surveys. Migration processes are characterized taking into account historical-comparative and problem methods.
 
 Study results. A number of factors affecting migration processes and changing migration behavior of the population have been identified in the region. The main ones remain socio-economic factors, changes in the ethno-cultural image of society. Social aspects are relevant and come to the forefront in the issues of integration of migrants and their interaction in the host community. The migration situation in the republic is quite complicated: a migration decline in the population is observed. Intensive temporary migrations of the Republic’s population result in pronounced social consequences in the context of the socio-demographic development of the Republic and its society. Young people show the most active readiness for migration. Among the trends in interethnic relations that cause certain wariness, a restrained attitude towards migrants should be noted, which manifests itself over a long period of time.
 
 Conclusions. Migration processes of the Republic’s population have both positive and negative consequences. Most residents of Chuvashia perceive migrants as potentially dangerous, firstly, from the point of view of increased competition in the labor market, and secondly, as people with their own traditions and customs who do not really respect local ethno-cultural characteristics. The issues of migration loss of the population, the tendency of a significant outflow of the working population from the Republic remain relevant. But in general, the population of Chuvashia is quite friendly to various contacts with representatives of other ethnic groups, Chuvashia is a region with stable and favorable interethnic relations.

Иммигранты в Дальневосточном федеральном округе: вопросы адаптации и интеграции

The aim of the article is to study theoretical and methodological approaches and statutory and regulatory pro-visions that reveal the essence of the concepts of “adaptation of foreign migrants”, “integration of foreign mi-grants” and analyze the practical formats regulating the movement of foreign citizens in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District in the context of the Strategy of State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025. The work employs analytical and comparative methods of document research, methods of analyzing statistical data. According to the author’s conclusion, clarification of the theoretical, methodological and normative-legal definition of the concepts of “adaptation of foreign migrants” and “integration of foreign migrants” will provide clarification of the immigrant’s status in terms of the purpose and duration of his resi-dence in Russia. This will help to increase the targeting and transparency of political and managerial actions aimed at regulating the flows of foreign migrants, consisting of representatives of different nationalities, preaching different religions, having a different mentality, etc. Differentiation of foreign migrants and the host community by ethno-cultural characteristics creates a platform for the formation of different worldviews for both groups of the population. The results of the study can be used not only in scientific developments devoted to theoretical and methodological issues of the processes of “adaptation of foreign migrants” and “integration of foreign migrants”, but also in political and legal documents regulating the process of adaptation and integration of foreign migrants, differing in their level of motivation. Returning (labor) migrants are not always aimed at entering Russian society, and foreign citizens who have arrived in Russia for temporary and permanent resi-dence are distinguished by the development of intentions for integration.

The nontrivial approach or how physicians-bolsheviks treated kings. The Soviet medicine in the Arabian peninsula in 1920-1930s

In the late 1920s, the USSR intensified its international activities in the Arabian Peninsula. The rapprochement with Arab monarchies provided opportunity to study political, economic and ethno-cultural characteristics of region by organizing transit of pilgrims to Mecca through the Soviet territory and providing medical care in first-aid posts at diplomatic missions. The Soviet physicians, in atypical situation of Arab monarchies, played important role as intermediaries between royal courts and the Soviet government, serving as agents of "soft power". The article considers causes of Moscow geopolitical interest to this region in 1920s-1930s. The distinctions of interaction between Soviet physicians and ruling circles of Hijaz and Yemen were explored. The humanitarian, cultural and geopolitical significance of these activities were examined. The article considers and explains, through optics of geopolitical approach, situational rationality that was applied by medical men when approaching treatment of royal personages despite ideological mismatch of this work with Bolshevism dogmas. The article consistently demonstrates, noting non-triviality of both locus itself and approaches to organization of medical care, how professionalism of Soviet physicians gained confidence of monarchs of Hijaz and Yemen in complicated conditions of competition with highly qualified physicians from Western Europe. It is emphasized that in conditions of Arabia, ideological attitudes had secondary importance, while such qualities as personal charisma and medical professionalism, which created solid reputation foundation for Soviet physicians, came to foreground.

Медико-социальные проблемы распространенности ЛОР- заболеваний и доступности оториноларингологической помощи населению, в том числе детскому (обзор зарубежной литературы)

An analysis of foreign scientific sources suggests that the prevalence of otorhinolaryngological diseases in the world is high and affects the increase in disability and mortality rates. The most common pediatric otorhinolaryngological disease worldwide is otitis media. Low availability of specialized otorhinolaryngologist care and socioeconomic disadvantage are associated with earlier, more frequent and severe ENT disease in children. The most vulnerable to otitis media leading to hearing loss are children of low socioeconomic status (even in developed countries) and indigenous children in all countries of the world. In low- and middle-income countries, pediatric otorhinolaryngology faces challenges associated with a lack of infrastructure and equipment, a relatively small health care budget, a shortage of medical staff, and a lack of political will. In multicultural developed countries, the lack of understanding in medical institutions of the need to take into account ethno-cultural characteristics, as well as a decrease in confidence in medical institutions, creates constant barriers to access to medical services.

Ethnooriented Methods of Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language to Arabic-Speaking Students

The article is devoted to the consideration of the issues of teaching Russian as a foreign language in an Arabic-speaking audience with a focus on the ethnopsychological, ethno-cultural and ethno-linguistic features of this contingent of students. The purpose of the study is to present the results of the work at the pre–university stage and demonstrate the principles of an ethnooriented approach in teaching Russian as a foreign language. Russian as a foreign language will allow teachers to: understand and accept the ethnopsychological and ethno-cultural characteristics of Arabic-speaking students, determine the effectiveness of the most acceptable teaching methods for representatives of this ethnic group, solve the problems of adaptation to a new socio- and linguocultural environment, identify the difficulties faced by representatives of Arab countries in mastering the Russian language. The use of forms and means of organizing the educational process that meet the ethnopsychological, ethno-cultural and ethno-linguistic characteristics of the Arab contingent of students minimizes the difficulties of their adaptation to the Russian educational environment and to Russian culture.

Критические замечания преподавателей в китайском и русском учебном дискурсе

The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of teachers’ critical remarks in Chinese and Russian classroom settings, with a focus on identifying the ethnocultural characteristics associated with critical remarks. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive questionnaire was administered, designed to investigate the frequency and linguistic patterns of critical remarks employed by Chinese and Russian teachers. The scientific novelty of the study is supported by the fact that it was the first time that a comparative study focusing on Chinese and Russian teachers’ use of critical remarks in academic settings was conducted. The cultural linguistic features of teachers’ criticism have been identified and the corresponding frequencies within different classroom situations have been measured in the article. The characteristics of Chinese and Russian teachers’ performance of criticism through culture values and contexts have been considered and explained. The findings revealed that both groups used direct and indirect criticism. Nonetheless, certain cultural variations were noted, with Chinese teachers using direct criticism more frequently than Russian ones. We suggest that these differences are due to cultural values and teachers’ role positions in China and Russia. This research provides valuable insights into the intricate interplay between language, culture, and pedagogical practices, shedding light on the distinctive features of teachers’ critical remarks in Chinese and Russian classrooms.

STUDY OF THE RELIGIOUS COMPONENT OF LINGUISTIC CONSCIOUSNESS: THE PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ASPECT

The article notes the previously used directions in the study of religious consciousness, and also evaluates the effectiveness of psycholinguistic methods for studying the religious component of everyday linguistic consciousness (namely, an associative experiment) in comparison with sociological methods. The results of a pilot experiment are presented, in which representatives of two nationalities take part as subjects: Russians and Chinese - carriers of fundamentally different cultural and religious traditions. The recognition and perception of Christian images by representatives of two cultures are compared. The influence of the age factor on the content of the religious component of the linguistic consciousness of Russians is also analyzed.Finally, conclusions are drawn about the greater involvement of elder people in the Christian religious context and about the greater pagan affiliation of the young consciousness and the bearers of Chinese culture. The applicability of the associative experiment in the study of age and ethno-cultural characteristics of the content of linguistic consciousness is positively assessed. The results of the experiment may be relevant for researchers, translators, teachers of foreign languages, as well as theologians, specialists in religion studies and missionary catechists.