Ethnocentric Ideology Research Articles

Этноцентризм в современных социально-политических реалиях (часть I)

The problems of ethnocentrism are investigated, and the sociopolitical conditions of its relevance to contemporary realities are revealed. The specificity of ethnocentric consciousness and worldview is shown, and its role as a tool of national identification of an ethnic group is analyzed. The dependence of ethnocentrism maintenance on concrete historical conditions is underlined. Inconsistent character of ethnocentrism is investigated and the presence of positive and negative features in it is indicated. The duality of the socio-political and cultural nature of ethnocentrism is revealed by comparing the functions it fulfills: unification and opposition, which under certain conditions develops into an instrument of separation. The role of ethnocentric attitudes and stereotypes in the formation of a positive image of one's own ethnic group, its cultural and national values is traced. The negative nature of absolutized ethnocentrism is shown, as a result of which feelings of intra-ethnic superiority, on the one hand, and prejudice and antagonism towards representatives of other nations, on the other, arise. The reasons for the emergence of negative forms of ethnocentrism, which in practice can lead to manifestations of extremism, nationalism, and chauvinism, are analyzed. The object of the research is the analysis of ethnocentrism phenomenon, and the subject is presented by sociopolitical consequences of such ethnocentrism which leads to various displays of social alienation and opposition. The purpose of the article is to research the essence of the ethnocentrism possessing property of sociopolitical and psychological regulation. The realization of the given purpose assumes the decision of some problems: 1) identify the conditions predisposing to the emergence of ethnocentrism ideology; 2) consider the factors that actualize the attitudes of ethnocentric ideology. Research methodology: the article is based on the use of dialectical approach to the problem in question, methods of analysis and synthesis, systematicity, concreteness, comparison

The effects of community service work on reducing ethnic conflict, ethnic hate crimes, and ethnocentric ideology

Recent empirical research has identified the psychological and physical benefits of community service work programs that provide opportunities for positive contact and intergroup cooperation. The goal of this study is to summarize the existing literature that examines the role of community service work activities and programs as an effective intervention method to reduce ethnic conflict, ethnic hate crimes, and ethnocentric ideology. Additionally, community service activities that exist within specific types of outdoor natural (i.e., “green space”) environments present additional benefits through increased interdependent cooperative behaviors and reduced bias. Suggestions are made regarding how community service intervention may help in the process of identifying and ultimately reducing the growing problems of ethnic conflict, violence, and ethnocentric ideology.

The Emancipatory and Transformative Potentials of American Multiethnic Women Writing

This paper explores the emancipatory potentials of American women writers of color for victims of gender, class, and the ethnocentric ideologies of racism, colonialism and nationalism. Their struggle against multiple oppressors, on one hand, drive them to form alliances with different oppressed groups such as laborers, homosexuals, the colonized people, immigrants and various ethnic minorities. On the other hand, cultural and ethnic identities are redefined on the basis of heterogeneity rather than homogeneity to cultivate tolerance, interdependence and mutual respect; gender roles are reconsidered in the light of an androgynous ideology, which views men and women as equal partners who should live in harmony but not in conflict; social classes are deconstructed to redress the injustices women and laborers have endured because of their gender, ethnic or racial differences. The plurality and heterogeneity of cultural, ethnic and gendered identities which women writers of color develop are extended to their writing whose language, content, and style are innovated and used as effective strategies to empower and emancipate subaltern groups. Their writing, therefore, assumes an inclusive character in which sexual, cultural and ethnic boundaries disappear, and interracial, intercultural, interethnic and intersexual dialogue is promoted.

Just Horseplay? Masculinity and Workplace Grievances in Fordist Canada, 1947–70s

This article examines men’s grievances concerning horseplay, profanity, alcohol, and violence, primarily in their legal arbitrated form, as a means of probing the gendered nature of the Fordist system of grievance arbitration. Horseplay grievances, for instance, were infused with ideas about masculinity, with the majority dealing with male-on-male activities, usually among workers. In arbitration discourse, horseplay and violence were naturalized as essentially male behaviour. An examination of these “bad behavior” grievances highlights how the arbitration process was not only shaped profoundly by class but also by gender and, to a lesser extent, ethnocentric ideologies. Gender stereotypes and moralistic assumptions shaped the arguments and outcome of grievance arbitration, and, with each decision, the system became more legalized and bureaucratized, with gender norms firmly embedded in arbitration discourse. While some gender norms changed their form in the post-Fordist workplace, current grievances concerning horseplay indicate some continuity with the past and the persisting equation of working-class masculinity with violence, rough behaviour, and intimidation in the workplace.

Southern Thought and Other Essays on the Mediterranean.

Southern Thought and Other Essays on the Mediterranean.

The art of fiction: Indian diaspora's gift to Malaysian fiction-writing descendants of other diasporas

In 1921, S. Radhakrishnan wrote in The Hindu View of Life, ‘China and Japan, Tibet and Siam, Burma and Ceylon look to India as their spiritual home’. Today, many Malaysian descendants of nineteenth-century Chinese and Ceylonese diasporas continue to look to India for spiritual, intellectual, and literary inspiration. This paper discusses three contemporary, English-language novels by Malaysians of non-Indian descent which are informed by Buddhist/Hindu philosophical ideas of fiction and reality, shaped by narratological strategies found in Indian philosophical discourses and epics, and inspired by the Indian tradition of using literary fiction to expose the fictional nature of received ideas and ideologies mistaken for reality in and by society. Published in 1981, 1994, and 2010 respectively, the novels provide an historical insight into how three representatives of Malaysia's non-Indian, ethnic minorities respond to the ethnicized ideas and ethnocentric ideologies that have dominated Malaysian life since the 1970s.

Постсоветская Этнография, Мифотворчество и Власть

SUMMARY: In his essay Alisher Il’khamov presents his views on the state of post-Soviet ethnography as a disciplinary field that is situated in a volatile nexus of politics and nationalism. Partially, these remarks were written as a response to a discussion published in the Russian journal Etnograficheskoe obozrenie (The Ethnographic Review). Using Jurgen Habermas’s sociological theory, Il’khamov offers a sweeping view of the development of nationalism that insists on a differentiation between the liberal (civic) and conservative (ethnic) perspectives. He contends that constructivism in theories of nationalism is an intrinsic part of the liberal view of national identity. Il’khamov then concludes that the alliance between the primordialist, ethno-centric view of nation and authoritarian regimes and ideologies is natural and observes that this alliance is dominant in post-Soviet Central Asian states. The author agrees that the logical consequence of theoretical constructivism is the acceptance of the constructed nature of both titular nations and national minorities. However, he insists that current policies in Central Asian countries, such as Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, is dominated by an amalgam of authoritarianism and nationalizing ethnocentric ideology that invites the countermeasure of rescuing and adequate representing silenced and threatened ethno-cultural minority groups.

Christian Beliefs and Ethnocentrism in Dutch Society: A Test of Three Models

This paper discusses the influence of Christian belief on ethnic prejudice and nationalism in the Netherlands. The findings indicate that Christian belief has no effect on ethnic prejudice independent of authoritarianism and localism. Separate analyses of high-salient and low-salient respondents did not alter this conclusion. However, the results for both the total sample and the highsalience subsample reveal that Christian belief has a positive effect on nationalism. A great deal of the discussion in the scientific study of religion during the past three decades has been concerned with the relationship between Christian beliefs and prejudice. Although qualifications and exceptions have been pointed out, the proposition continues to hold sway that Christian beliefs are not associated with increased love and acceptance, but with increased intolerance, prejudice, and bigotry. While considerable attention has been directed to prejudice, little consideration has been given to the relationship between Christian belief and nationalism in this line of research. Negative attitudes toward outgroups, however, should not be considered separately from positive attitudes toward the national ingroup. Both, prejudice and nationalism, are characteristic of ethnocentric ideology. This paper examines the influence of Christian belief on both components of ethnocentrism in the Netherlands. In recent years, Holland has become a more plural and heterogeneous society because of the influx of migrants from former Dutch colonies and immigrant laborers from the Mediterranean countries. Labor migration due to economic expansion has brought peasant migrants from Morocco and Turkey into Holland. Migrants from former colonies include Amboinese

Penser « maison », penser « famille ». Résidence domestique et parenté dans les sociétés rurales de l'est de la France

Thinking « maison », thinking a family ». Some of the concepts employed in the field of theoritical ethnological thought about family life belong as well to the ordinary language as to the jural codes which govern the institutions. Among these concepts, that of "nuclear family" (or more simply of "family") come the fore. The Author shows at first that the meaning of this term (married couple /children) is a recent creation of the urban and bourgeois society which developes during the 18th century. The aristocrats and some peasant societies called their domestic unit "maison". By several examples, the Author shows that the universality of the "nuclear family" — lived in as well as a jurai entity — looks rather like an ethnocentric ideology which, if applied to European peasant societies, dissimulates more than it enlightens their specific cultural features. Secondly, basing himself on datas collected in rural societies of openfield in Eastern France, the Author shows that the concept of "nuclear family" does not express the domestic residence group's life. This life belongs to the "chez" which belongs itself to a classification of space and of rights of use on landproperties. As to "family", a commonly used term among the peasants, it refers to another cognitive field: that of kinship and matrimony. It is by sticking to the autochtone language that the Author can partialy restitute the specific sense of the domestic residence group and of the kin relationships which in some ways represents the ideal norms of these rural culture.

Effect of Prestige Suggestion and Peer Standards on California F Scale Scores

After intensive study of ethnocentric personality and attitudinal variables, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson, and Sanford (1947, p. 535) stated that any attempt to . . understand prejudice must start with the total pattern of ethnocentric thinking, including both out-group rejection and in-group submission idealization. Earlier, while studying anti-Semitic personality factors, Frenkel-Brunswik and Sanford (1945) observed that individuals with marked anti-Semitic beliefs exhibited a kind of conservative attirude and tended automatically to support the prevailing ~tatrds quo. In an effort to further understand the behavior of normal individuals endorsing varying degrees of ethnocentrism, this study was designed to analyze some of the relationships between selected personality variables'underlying an ethnocentric ideology and reactions to a situation devised to produce an operationally defined ideological change. More specifically, [he relationship between ethnocentrism as defined and measured by the California F Scale (Adorno, et al., 1950) and the tendency of Ss to change their F-scale responses when retested under varying experimental sets was investigated.

An Approach to the Theory and Measurement of Ethnocentric Ideology

(1949). An Approach to the Theory and Measurement of Ethnocentric Ideology. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 19-39.