Ethnic Flavor Research Articles

Interethnic Contacts in Yugra and Christmas Stories of the Turn of the 19th – 20th Centuries

Ethnic stereotypes largely determine the actions of an individual during his contacts with strangers – representatives of a different culture. At the same time, these actions, like stereotypes, are not permanent. The objective of the paper is to study the evolution of the attitude to the Yugra aborigines at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries. To achieve it, it is necessary to address the local sociocultural realities. Information about them is reflected in various historical and ethnographic sources, which, in particular, can include some works of fiction. A special place belongs to the genre of Christmas (Yuletide) stories, which specifics are usually studied by literary scholars. At the same time, provincial literature often contains information about the perception of aborigines by the Russian population. The specifics of the study required the use of an interdisciplinary approach, in which the theoretical developments of literary criticism complement historical and ethnographic methods. The results obtained indicate an ambivalent attitude to interethnic contacts with the peoples of the North in Russian culture. Images of the aborigines were associated with potential threats from another world. And, at the same time, they acted as victims of deception, violence and rejection by bearers of genuine Christian virtues. In addition, there was a noticeable difference in value judgments between folk and official culture. Folk culture tended towards stability, repetition and cyclical nature. On the contrary, the official culture with its European rationalism, was oriented towards the values of progress. Christmas stories by peripheral writers complemented by ethnic flavor were the evidence of something new in the public consciousness. At the regional level, the importance of interethnic communication and ethnic tolerance increased. The disparate components of Russian culture gradually came closer together, although these processes were not yet completed. Only further consideration of literary tests can help in understanding the contradictions of the past.

Research on innovative visualization design of miao costume images in Qiandongnan under aesthetic perspective

Abstract In this paper, we take the images of Miao costumes as the research object, construct the color system of Miao costumes based on the aesthetics perspective, and take the color migration as the research content to realize the visualization and innovative design of Miao costumes. Firstly, typical Miao dress images are obtained by digital acquisition. Then, RGB and HSL color modes are used to extract the colors and mine the color association rules of Miao dresses to construct the color system of Miao dresses. Then, an image segmentation method based on the color system of Miao costumes is proposed to achieve color migration between the color regions of decorative patterns. Finally, the patterns in the dataset of Miao costumes in Qiandongnan are extracted. Based on the classification study, a systematic and in-depth analysis of the color performance of the pattern patterns is conducted to clarify their artistic and aesthetic forms. It is found that the colors of Qiandongnan Miao costume patterns are mostly high-purity and high-brightness colors, of which high-purity colors (7-10) account for the highest proportion, including 16 colors such as earth red, grape purple, pink, and big red, accounting for about 56.5% of the total. The proportion of high brightness colors (7-10) in the colors is the highest, including 13 colors such as beige, goose yellow, grape purple, peach red, etc., accounting for 68.1%. It can be seen from the use of hues in the dress patterns of the Miao people in Qiandongnan that they will match the colors of the patterns according to the “five colors” and highlight a certain color as the dominant color according to the theme. The whole is complete, full of variegated and strong ethnic flavor.

Features of the discursive representation of the image of the Chinese in the play «Zoyka’s Apartment» by M. A. Bulgakov

The object of the study is Bulgakov’s play “Zoyka’s Apartment”, and the subject was the images of the Chinese, created by the author. The discursive representation of foreign cultural elements in Russian literature of the 1920s, the role of Chinese images in the plot, their place in the structure of characters are studied. “Chinese” theme is examined, an analysis of characters belonging to a different culture is provided, their ideological and artistic essence and the author’s manner of creating ethnic flavor are revealed. The author of the article connects the images of the Chinese created by the writer with his understanding of the historical and cultural events in the Soviet Union in the 1920s, with stereotypical and historically based ideas about the Chinese. The research is conducted on the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative, contextual, and interpretive methods. The main approach has become a comprehensive one, which allows us to consider images of the Chinese as components of the discursive structure of the work. The scientific novelty of the study is the identification of the special discursive representation that foreign cultural specifics received in Bulgakov’s play. In the depiction of Chinese heroes the author uses the techniques of grotesqueness, parody, sarcasm, and irony. Such qualities of the Chinese as love for the Motherland, the desire to demonstrate strength and defend their own honor, readiness to sacrifice, adventurous thinking, activity, being in constant motion, are depicted in close connection with the Soviet historical and cultural context of the 1920s. It is concluded that the images of the Chinese are paradoxical, ambiguous, contradictory: they participate in the author’s creation of illusory, borderline space and at the same time help to depict it accurately, taking into account historical, cultural, and temporal realities.

Rural Tourism Through the Community Participation and Sustainable Development: An Empirical Study from Silk Route, East Sikkim

Abstract: Tourism destinations often are dependent on natural and cultural/heritage resources to form their attractions bases, which are linked to the economic vitality of local communities. Tourism industry can generate income and holistic development of a region. Rural tourism provides an economic incentive to the local people who are residing in these regions. It also adds an ethnic flavor to the consumer’s (tourist) taste. Silk Route in Sikkim is popularly known as ‘Silk Route” in Sikkim tourism map. It is one of the best rural tourist destinations of Sikkim. The silk route is very popular among the tourists. The landscape is beautiful and wonderfully thrilling. The lush greenery, panoramic view of hills and the simplicity of the indigenous inhabitants attracts the urban tourists to this place. The paper attempts an empirical presentation addressing the concept of rural tourism, which is an emerging perception on tourism introduced recently into the Indian tourism sector. This paper try to explore the potentiality as a rural tourist destination, and how such rural or Ecotourism can be an instrument to empower indigenous communities in a particular area and provide community development through economic and social benefits to the local communities for their well-being. This finding can be exemplified elsewhere as an approach on sustainable development of rural tourism through the community participation and management practiced at village level.

Подготовка студентов колледжа культуры к сценической постановке чувашского народного танца

Folk dance is an important tool in preparing students of the College of Culture for teaching as leaders of an amateur creative team. The content of their training includes the choreographic creativity of different peoples. The purpose of the article is to determine the necessary and sufficient minimum knowledge about the specific features of the Chuvash national choreography so that students can use this knowledge to implement choreographic productions, improve performing techniques and embody the manner of performing the Chuvash folk dance. The material of the research was the author's long-term observations of the Chuvash folk choreography, passed through personal experience of staging dances for the professional stage. The work is based on the description method and in general is of a review nature. Folk dance is the most expressive layer of the Chuvash culture. It contains a significant potential necessary to maintain the vital properties of the Chuvash ethnos. In particular, it has unique ethnic features and only in some cases allows borrowing from other peoples. In general, the Chuvash dance in movements repeats the aesthetics of national embroidery. Important properties in the Chuvash dance are endowed with hands: women's movements are extremely smooth and slow, men's are sharp and fast. The position of the hands, combined with the movement of the legs and the body as a whole, create a unique ethnic flavor. Chuvash dances have dialectal differences according to ethnographic groups, while they are based on a single complex, historically dating back to rituals and ceremonies.

Flavor principle as an implicit frame: Its effect on the acceptance of instant noodles in a cross-cultural context

This study investigated how the stability of liking ratings for instant noodles can be affected by implicit frames of reference constructed by flavor principles, unique combinations of flavor ingredients that can be identified as characterizing a particular ethnic/cultural cuisine, in a cross-cultural context. The influence of consumers’ food neophobia on the liking of noodles was studied as well. Koreans (n = 263) and Chinese (n = 258) residing in South Korea participated. Products with the highest market share in China (T_CHN) and Korea (T_KOR) were chosen as the targets. The implicit frame of reference applied during the sample evaluation was manipulated by exposing consumers to instant noodles composed of a particular “ethnic flavor principle” before tasting the two target samples. Consumers were split into five groups and were allocated to one of the three flavor principle frame conditions or one of the two controlled conditions. Consumers in the Asian frame were exposed to three noodles popular in Indonesia, Thailand, and Japan. Three Chinese and three Korean noodles were served in the Chinese and Korean frames, respectively. Two groups of consumers within each country served as controls and tasted a single sample of either T_CHN or T_KOR. Consumers rated how much they liked the samples. Consumer’s food neophobia was measured. Consumers searched for a contextual flavor consistent with the conditioned frame of reference when they were evaluating the target samples under their own country's flavor principle and tended to give lower liking scores for foreign target samples than for other samples. However, when the frame of reference was constructed with a foreign flavor principle, the degree of familiarity with the target sample positively influenced its liking score. Food neophobic attitudes influenced the liking of unfamiliar samples. Moreover, consumers’ food neophobia scores were affected by type of implicit flavor principle frame.

HISTORICAL MEMORY AND ETHNICITY IN THE URBAN ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT AS A FACTOR OF SOCIAL IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION IN THE CAPITALS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION REPUBLICS ON THE EXAMPLE OF IZHEVSK AND SARANSK

The article analyzes the social practices of memorization and ethnicization in the process of post-Soviet transformation of the architectural landscape of the capitals of the Finno-Ugric republics, by the republican elites with the aim of constructing a stable regional identity of the capital’s population on the example of the Republic of Mordovia and the Udmurt Republic. The purpose of the study is to identify the basic social technologies for using the cultural and symbolic aspects of the urban architectural environment, including the historical and cultural heritage, and the newly created elements for the purpose of “memorial management” and to give ethnic flavor, the trends in their evolution and the main results of using such technologies in the post-Soviet period. Based on the data of standardized observation, the intensity of the concentration of ethnicization of the urban architectural environment is compared, the main places of concentration of signs of ethnicity and historical memory in the urban space of Izhevsk and Saransk, common features, strategic features, results and limitations in the research perspective of sociological concepts of identity politics, historical politics, city sociology, public spaces, “places” and “non-places” are identified. The main verbal (language of signs, slogans), monumental (sculpture, commemorative signs, architectural decoration of buildings, stairs, fountains, etc.), visual (social advertising, ethnic symbols in illuminations, holiday decoration of buildings) means of ethnicization of urban environment design are described, as well as architectural images that indicate alternative ethnic strategies for the formation of the capital’s identity. The general trends and problems associated with the redevelopment of the urban environment and the transformation of “arrogant” Soviet public spaces into places of recreation and communication are revealed. Among the limitations of the effectiveness of the historical policy and the policy of ethnicization of urban spaces, the author considers the conscious implementation of alternative strategies for the formation of urban identity by various social actors, the binding of iconic architectural objects to “empty” pseudo-public spaces or sports facilities that are not “anchor” objects, the creation of symbolic transit spaces in the status of “non-places”, the visual ethnic specificity of which is not available to those who use them.

Effects of food neophobia on visual attention and sensory acceptance of ethnic-flavored foods

Due to growing globalization, there has been an increase in demand for ethnic or ethnic-flavored foods in the retail grocery and foodservice industries. However, some consumers are unlikely to enjoy ethnic or ethnic-flavored foods due to novelty or unfamiliarity associated with them. Limited research exists on consumer behavior toward ethnic or ethnic-flavored foods as a function of food neophobia. This study aimed to determine the influence of food neophobia on Caucasian consumers’ visual attention toward packaging images, as well as sensory acceptance of ethnic-flavored potato chips. Ninety adults were divided into high food neophobia (HFN) and low food neophobia (LFN) groups based on a food neophobia scale score. All participants’ visual attention toward packaging images of ethnic-, local-, and plain-flavored potato chips were measured using an eye-tracker, and their willingness to taste, expected liking, and purchase intent were assessed. One week later, the participants rated sensory perception and liking of the potato chip samples whose packaging images had been viewed. Participants in the LFN group looked significantly longer at the descriptions of ethnic (Chinese Szechuan) and local (Southern biscuits and gravy) flavors shown on the packaging images of potato chips than did those in the HFN group. As participants in the LFN group, but not those in the HFN group, looked at the descriptions of ethnic flavors shown on the packaging longer, they were more likely to like and purchase those potato chips. There were only limited impacts of food neophobia on attribute intensities and likings of the potato chips, irrespective of flavor. In conclusion, this study provides empirical evidence that participants with a lower level of food neophobia are more attentive to descriptions regarding ethnic flavor shown on packaging of chip products, possibly inducing a higher intent of purchasing the products, although such findings vary with the type of ethnic flavor.

Bioprospecting the Anti-microbial Properties of Lepidocephalus thermalis (V.)

Lepidocephalus thermalis, the Indian Spiny Loach is a comestible fresh water fish with ethnic flavor and taste found pervasive in Tamil Nadu. In this study, antibacterial activity of whole aqueous as well as boiled fish extract, hydrolyzed fish protein extract, lipid chloroform extract and aqueous fish mucus extract against human, fish pathogens were studied. The FTIR and NMR analysis of the lipid extracts revealed the presence of EPA and DHA. The lipid extracts showed maximum antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhii and Proteus vulgaris at even low concentration of 15 μg/ml. Therefore, this study demonstrates the nutraceutical potential of this fish which will be helpful for aqua culturists for bioprospecting the intuitive species for human consumption.

Развитие этнографического туризма в Республике Марий Эл

In the current crisis the development of domestic tourism is very important. Further promotion of ethno tourism may be a promising and popular trend in the domestic market of tourist services of the regions. In the study, the author exam- ined the characteristics of nature, history, culture and religion of indigenous peoples of Mari land as the most important factors of tourism development in the region. The article presents the analysis of state of ethno tourism in the Mari El Republic. The author outlines the main directions of its development in the region that dip into the cultural environment: ethnographic museums, hotels and recreational facilities with an ethnic flavor, ethno-villages, and rural guest houses. The expert survey in order to identify the prospects for the development of ethno tourism in Mari El has been conducted. The contradictions in the law, inadequate infrastructure in the country, weak advertising campaign to attract tourists to the region, sometimes a lack of interest of local authorities in the development of tourism are the main difficulties in the ethno tourism development. The author suggests ways of further development of ethno tourism in Mari El. It is neces- sary to develop a targeted program for the development of tourism in t Mari El, with an emphasis on ethno tourism.

Anti-atherosclerotic effect of traditional fermented cheese whey in atherosclerotic rabbits and identification of probiotics.

BackgroundTraditional fermented cheese whey (TFCW), containing probiotics, has been used both as a dairy food with ethnic flavor and a medicine for cardiovascular disease, especially regulating blood lipid among Kazakh. We therefore investigated anti-atherosclerotic effects of TFCW in atherosclerotic rabbits and identified lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts in TFCW.MethodsAtherosclerotic rabbits were induced by administration of atherosclerotic diet for 12 weeks and divided randomly into three groups and treated for 4 weeks with Simvastatin (20 mg/kg) or TFCW (25 mg/kg) and (50 mg/kg). In addition, a normal control group and an atherosclerotic group were used for comparison. All drugs were intragastrical administered once daily 10 mL/kg for 4 weeks. Body weight (BW), lipid profiles, C-reactive protein (CRP), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were tested and theromatous plaques and the number of foam cells and infiltrating fibroblast cells in the thoracic aorta endothelium was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin stainin. LAB and yeasts were isolated and purified by conventional techniques and identified using morphological and biochemical properties as well as gene sequences analysis.ResultsAfter 4 weeks of treatment, high and low dose TFCW decreased serum TC, TG, LDLC, CRP, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 (P < 0.05) compared to atherosclerotic group, and increased HDL-C (P < 0.05) compared to normal controls. Histological analysis showed TFCW reduced VCAM-1 expression and formation of atheromatous plaques on the aortic endothelium of atherosclerotic rabbits.ConclusionSeven classes of LBA from two different genera including Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus kefianofaciens, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus Casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus kefiri and Lactococcus lactic as well as 2 classes of yeasts from two different genera including Saccharomyces unisporus and Issatchenkia orientalis were isolated and identified from TFCW. In summary, TFCW, containing 7 classes of LBA and 2 classes of yeasts, has significant anti-atherosclerotic potential in atherosclerotic rabbits and may modulate lipid metabolism and protect aorta in the atherosclerotic condition, which might be related to various probiotics acting through reducing the CRP, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels and protecting the aortic endothelium.

Anti-diabetic effects of shubat in type 2 diabetic rats induced by combination of high-glucose-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin

Ethnopharmacological relevanceShubat, probiotic fermented camel milk, has been used both as a drink with ethnic flavor and a medicine among Kazakh population for diabetic patients. Kazakh people have lower diabetic prevalence and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) than do other ethnic groups living in Xinjiang China, which might be related to the beneficial properties of shubat. We therefore prepared shubat in laboratory and tested anti-diabetic activity and evaluated its possible hypolipidemic and renoprotective effects in type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and methodsType 2 diabetic rats were induced by an administration of high-glucose-fat diet for 6 weeks and an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 30mg/kg). Diabetic rats were divided randomly into four groups and treated for 28 days with sitagliptin (30mg/kg) or shubat (6.97×106 lactic acid bacteria+2.20×104 yeasts) CFU/mL, (6.97×107 lactic acid bacteria+2.20×105 yeasts) CFU/mL and (6.97×108 lactic acid bacteria+2.20×106 yeasts) CFU/mL. In addition, a normal control group and a diabetic control group were used for comparison. All drugs were given orally once daily 10mL/kg for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight (BW) were measured before treatment and every week thereafter. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), C-peptide, glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels and pancreas tissue sections were tested after 4 weeks. ResultsShubat demonstrated positive hypoglycemic activity on FBG, HbAlc, C-peptide and GLP-1 levels, high dose shubat decreased FBG (P<0.01) and HbAlc (P<0.05), increased C-peptide (P<0.05) and GLP-1 (P<0.01), decreased serum TC, TG, LDL-c (P<0.05), increased HDL-c (P<0.01), and improved the reduction of body weight as well as decreased SCr and BUN levels (P<0.01) compared to diabetic controls. Histological analysis showed shubat protected the function of islets of type 2 diabetic rats. ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that shubat has significant hypoglycemic potential in T2D rats and may modulate lipid metabolism and protect renal function in the type 2 diabetic condition, which might be related to various probiotics acting through promoting the release of GLP-1 and improving the function of β-cells.

Pengelolaan Keaslian Rasa dan Budaya pada Restoran Etnik Khas Jawa: Analisis Atmospheric Restoran Etnik Khas Jawa di Jakarta Selatan dan Jakarta Pusat

This research performed the authenticity of Javanese ethnic flavor and culture in Javanese ethnic restaurant. This research aims to find out how the owners of the restaurant present the authenticity of the flavor and culture through atmospherics elements and challenges they face in bringing the authenticity of the flavor and culture. This study refers to the previous researches published in both national and international journals. The conceptual literature used in this research is Kotler’s atmospherics concept. This study provides a conceptual contribution to the study of the introduction of communication science and to contribute the thought on how to convey the authenticity of Javanese flavor and culture, considering that the authenticity cannot be determine objectively, but depends on the social construction. This study used Constructivist Paradigm. This research is a descriptive study with qualitative approach using phenomenology method. Subjects of this research were owners of Javanese ethnic restaurant in South Jakarta and Central Jakarta. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the informants using the snowball method. The validity of the study used a standard of credibility with its own specifications. Presenting the authenticity of Javanese ethnic flavor and culture was not an easy task. The restaurant owners could present through the elements of atmospherics emphasizing the ability of the senses of visual, aural, olfactory, and tactile that captured the stimuli in both the interior and exterior of the restaurant, music, scent of the fragrance of flowers and food, as well as room temperature. In addition to the elements, the owners specially brought and used certain ingredients, such as soy, rice, tofu, crackers, and tea, to keep the authenticity of the taste of Javanese cuisine. They believe that the water and soil texture in Java produce different flavors in those materials.

Creative Industry Policies and International Comparison in Engineering Design Field

Creative industry will be gained more support from Chinese government in 2014. The paper investigates and compares economic and employment measures of developed countries creative industry. We find that legislation, human capital and ethnic flavor are especially important for creative industry development.

Le grand incendie de londres by Jacques Roubaud

WORLD LITERATURE IN REVIEW Pawar's The Weave of My Life: A Dalit Woman's Memoirs belongs to the genre of autobiography, which is rarely practiced by Indians as com pared to that of poetry and fiction. It problematizes the major issues of class, caste, and gender in the Indi an context. Apart from recording a woman's discovery of selfhood and assertion of identity, it also offers a background picture of the Indian (especially Maharashtrian) culture, including interpersonal and inter communal relations, clashes, and tolerances. "Weaving" happens to be the central metaphor of the pres ent memoir. Weaving of bamboo baskets, the main profession of the protagonist's mother, indicates their low caste as well as their dire eco nomic poverty. At a higher level it also suggests the bonding of human beings on a variety of counts. As the author declares, "My mother used to weave aaydans. I find that her act of weaving and my act of writing are originally linked. The weave is simi lar. It is the weave of pain, suffering and agony that links us." Over time, Urmila Pawar con verts to Buddhism to escape the humiliation of the dalit condition. She marries Harishchandra accord ing to Buddhist convention and has a son (Mandar) and two daughters (Malavika and Manini). She contin ues her education and completes her BA and MA from the University of Mumbai. After the completion of her education, she takes a job to earn a livelihood complementary to her husband's earning. During this phase of life she takes an active part in the Dalit Woman's Orga nization, as she has "a new vision of women" and of the Ambedkar Movement. Simultaneously, she expresses deep interest in Dalit lit erature and women's literature by taking to creative writing, which reinforces her subaltern activism. Her stories are translated into many Indian languages and earn many awards for her. One of her stories is adapted as a television play. Thus she comes to be recognized as an established Dalit woman writer. One may trace an evolution in the life of the protagonist from innocence to experience, from inferiority complex to self-confidence, and from passiv ity to activism. Written in a realistic fictional mode, it is characterized by an hon est, frank, and bold articulation of a Dalit woman's experiences and may easily be compared with Afro American women's narratives. The English translation by Maya Pan dit is quite successful in bringing out the ethnic flavor of the Marathi original. Colombia University Press has done a commendable job in pub lishing the memoirs of a subaltern Indian woman by editing it prop erly for an international readership, despite a couple of printer's devils. Still, the photographs of the protago nist and the members of her family have added to the significance of the work. Basavaraj S. Naikar Karnatak University Jacques Roubaud. "le grand incendie de londres." Paris. Seuil. 2009. 2063 pages. 39. isbn 978-2-02-099689-1 Jacques Roubaud's latest book is a very impressive piece of work. First by virtue of its length: It numbers 2oio densely-packed pages, exclud ing the (highly detailed) table of con tents. Next by virtue of its weight: At something just shy of four pounds, its very heft gives one pause. But the most impressive thing about it is perhaps the fact that it was pub lished at all, appearing as it does at a time when people are turning their backs upon books, and particularly upon big, weighty books?or so, at least, one hears. Roubaud's gesture, and that of his publisher, Seuil, has something bold and more than a bit quixotic about it. How mary people will be willing to take on a book such as this one? Clearly, this is not a book to be read between two stops on the M?tro; to the contrary, it is one that demands, on the face of it, a very considerable investment of readerly purpose. Anyone who does agree to make that investment, however, will be richly rewarded, because this volume represents one of the most deeply compelling liter ary projects of our time. I use...

Therapeutic Stories with an Ethnic Flavor

Therapeutic Stories with an Ethnic Flavor