Men In Ethiopia Research Articles

Male support for cervical cancer screening in Debre Berhan City Ethiopia a community based cross sectional survey

Male partner involvement strongly influences a woman's decision to undergo cervical cancer screening. Women of low socioeconomic status are disproportionately affected by cervical cancer. Women living in low-and middle-income countries often encounter resistance from their partners regarding participation in cervical cancer screening. The lack of men's support for sexual and reproductive health programs, including cervical cancer screening, creates a barrier to women's utilization of health services. To assess Ethiopian men's awareness, knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward cervical cancer screening and their support to their female partners during screening. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from June 20, 2023, to August 04, 2023. A multistage sampling procedure was used to recruit 614 male survey participants. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize sociodemographic data. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to measure the associations between the dependent and independent variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In this survey, 58.5% (359) of participants supported their partners for cervical cancer screening. More than half 55.9% (343) of the participants had an awareness of cervical cancer disease and 47.2% (290) participants knew the risk factors associated with the development of cervical cancer. In addition to that, 66.8% (410) of men have a positive attitude towards screening and encourage their wives to get screened if they notice symptoms of cervical cancer. Regarding the perceptions of cervical cancer, 37.0% (227) of male participants believed that their female partners were at risk of developing the disease, while 38.3% (235) of men believed that cervical cancer screening was only necessary if the woman showed symptoms. Completion of higher education (AOR = 3.75, 95% CI 1.60–8.79, p = 0.002), living with other people (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.03–0.29, p < 0.0001), not being tested for HIV (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.10–0.74, p = 0.011), and having information about cervical cancer (AOR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.36–8.15, p = 0.009) were statistically significantly associated with men’s support for their partners in cervical cancer screening. Men’s awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of cervical cancer screening were low. On the other hand, men have a positive attitude towards screening and encourage their wives to get screened if they notice symptoms of cervical cancer. This survey will serve as a basis for the development of further strategies and action plans to promote and support male participation in cervical cancer screening in Ethiopia. This can be achieved through the development of strategic plans, including public campaigns, raising awareness among social and community leaders, involving non-governmental organizations focusing on women's health, and community education.

“I was always told to fit in, but never to excel”: Men’s Post-Migration Practices of Success in the Public Sector

What post-migration practices of success at the labor market do migrants employ on their way to attaining senior professional positions? This paper offers new insights to the study of migration by focusing on success and masculinity among Ethiopian men, a marginalized group in the Israeli labor market. Using findings from 27 semi-structured interviews and six semi-structured interviews with experts or professionals, we investigate the relationships between career success, gender, and migration through a transnational perspective. Migrant success continues to be assessed and viewed primarily through the lenses of the nation-state and integration, in comparison to the native population in general and in the labor market in particular. This paper analyzes the post-migration practices of success described by migrant men who have achieved senior positions in the public sector, with the aim of illuminating the mechanisms and circumstances, as they understand them, that contribute to achieving success. The findings challenge the concept of integration in the context of migrant men’s success which defines success as fitting in and mediocrity rather than excellence both on the personal and societal level. Although limited to Ethiopian men who have achieved labor market success, this study provides an opportunity to demonstrate the value of examining migrant men’s success from the perspective of cultural capital and views migration masculinity as a dynamic concept.

A qualitative exploration of reproductive coercion experiences and perceptions in four geo-culturally diverse sub-Saharan African settings

Reproductive coercion (RC) is any intentional behavior that interferes with another’s reproductive decision-making or pregnancy outcome. This study aims to qualitatively examine RC experiences and perceptions among women and men in Ethiopia, Nigeria (Kano and Anambra States), and Uganda. This is a secondary analysis utilizing qualitative data from the Women’s and Girls’ Empowerment in Sexual and Reproductive Health study. Across sites, focus group discussions (38 groups; n=320 participants) and in-depth interviews (n=120) were conducted, recorded, and transcribed. Transcripts were loaded into Atlas.ti, and quotes describing experiences of reproductive control or abuse were coded as “reproductive coercion.” RC quotes were input into a matrix for thematic analysis. Emergent RC themes included indirect reproductive pressures, direct family planning interference, concurrent experiences of violence, and responses to RC. Indirect reproductive pressures included tactics to both promote and prevent pregnancy, while direct interference centered on pregnancy promotion. Women who were not compliant with their partners’ reproductive demands were often subjected to violence from multiple actors (i.e., parents, in-laws, community members) in addition to their partners. Despite concurrent forms of violence, women across sites resisted RC by using contraceptives covertly, choosing to abort, or leaving their abusive partnerships. Women and men across sites indicated that men were highly influential in fertility. RC behaviors were a mechanism of control over desired reproductive outcomes, which were often rooted in perceptions of childbearing as social status. Findings indicate a need for more nuanced community interventions targeting social norms, as well as improved RC screening and response within health services.

Return migration, masculinities and the fallacy of reintegration: Ethiopian experiences

ABSTRACT The multifaceted notion of ‘returning home,’ and not least the dualities between expectation, anticipation and the realities facing migrants upon their return, is a key component in understanding East African migration dynamics and implications. This article constitutes an exploratory attempt to understand the nexus between return migration journeys, reintegration, psychosocial well-being, and masculinity for the hundreds of thousands of Ethiopian men that migrate every year. Through our empirical findings, we emphasize how fluidity of migration demands a nonlinear interpretation of migratory lives and argue for return migration to be seen not as an outcome or an ending but an unfolding state of being. The traumatic events of irregular Ethiopian migration suggest it becomes an existential journey as much as a physical one. Returning thus should not be seen as a temporary process or journey, but rather an enduring process of personal, mental, and existential change. We ground our argument on analysis of findings of a qualitative study conducted in two sites in Ethiopia, in Arsi zone of Oromia regional state and Addis Ababa, the federal capital.

Factors Associated with Risky Sexual Behavior Among Reproductive-Age Men in Ethiopia: Evidence from Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey 2016.

Risky sexual behavior is defined as engaging in sexual activities that increase the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies, both of which are global public health issues, particularly in low and middle-income countries like Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to identify factors associated with risky sexual behaviors among sexually active men in Ethiopia. We analyzed data on 8, 103 men aged 15-59 years obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with risky sexual behavior. Statistical significance was defined at a 95% confidence interval (CI) with a p-value less than 0.05. Overall, 13.6% (95% CI: 12.8-14.3) of men were engaged in risky sexual behavior. Men who were married (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.02, 95% CI: 0.01-0.03) and residing in agrarian-dominated regions (AOR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.44-0.76) were less likely to engage in risky sexual behavior. On the other hand, men who had alcohol-drinking habits (AOR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.99), and initiated sexual activity before the age of 18 (AOR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.26-1.99), those with primary education (AOR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.01-1.72) or secondary education (AOR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.20-2.26), and those who were Muslim (AOR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.32-2.60) or other religion followers (AOR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.44-2.76) were more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior. Risky sexual behavior was significantly associated with marital status, geographic location, alcohol consumption, age of first sexual experience, religion, and educational level, which highlights the importance of encouraging men to avoid early sexual activities and to abstain from consuming alcohol. Moreover, a greater emphasis should be placed on initiatives that promote safer sexual behaviors, particularly targeting men living in pastoral regions, unmarried individuals, and Muslim religious followers.

Awareness of prostate cancer and its associated factors among male patients attending care in the urology unit at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

BackgroundGlobally, prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men. It is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Symptoms may be non-specific and may not present...

Geographical variation and correlates of substance use among married men in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016

ObjectiveThe use of substances has become one of the world’s most serious public health and socioeconomic issues. Most nations in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, are undergoing significant economic transitions, creating...

Exposure to mass media family planning messages and associated factors among youth men in Ethiopia

BackgroundFamily planning programs usually focus information and messaging on women and girls. However, they may not be the primary decision-makers about their own contraceptive choice and utilization. Hence, this study aimed to assess youth men's exposure to family planning messages and associated factors in Ethiopia. MethodThe study used data for analysis from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data set. A total of 7,639 youth men have been included in this analysis. Statistical package for social science version 20 has been used for data analysis. We have used multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the association of independent variables with the outcome variable. Adjusted odds ratio with 95 % confidence interval was used to declare significant statistical association. ResultThe mean age of participants was 19.02 years with a standard deviation of ±2.83. The proportion of youths who have exposure to family planning messages was 34.7 % (33.7%, 35.7%). Owning mobile phone (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.12–1.97, using internet (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.33–2.73), knowing where to obtain family planning (AOR = 4.28, 95% CI:3.08–5.95), educational status of primary (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI:1.36–2.86) secondary (AOR = 3.01,95% CI:1.94–4.67) and higher (AOR = 6.01,95% CI:3.24–11.16) were the factors associated with the outcome variable. Also, the odds of exposure of youths who agree contraception is women's business was lower (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35–0.85). ConclusionOnly one-third of youths have exposure to family planning messages. Educational status, owning a mobile phone, knowing where to obtain family planning methods, use of the internet, and considering family planning as a women's business were the factors that have an association with the outcome variable. So it is important to improve the education level of youths, to inform youths about different outlets through which family planning messages will be transmitted, and avert youth's misconception towards contraception.

Individual and community-level determinates of risky sexual behaviors among sexually active unmarried men: A multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.

BackgroundIn Ethiopia, HIV/AIDS continues to be a major public health problem mostly due to the high prevalence of risky sexual behaviors. However, research on risky sexual behavior and its determinants among unmarried men (never married, widowed, and divorced) who are highly vulnerable to risky sexual behavior was limited. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of risky sexual behavior and its determinants among non-married men using a nationally representative sample.MethodsThe analysis was done on 5680 sexually active unmarried men aged 15–59 years using data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic Health Survey (EDHS). The main outcome variable was risky sexual behavior which defined as having at least one of the following: multiple sexual partners; initiation of sex before the age of 18 years; inconsistent condom use in the last 12 months; alcohol consumption at last sex. Multivariable generalized linear mixed-effects regression was employed to identify variables associated with risky sexual behavior.ResultThe overall magnitude of risky sexual behavior was 26.9% (95% CI; 25.7, 28.0). Currently employed (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.64–3.77), history of HIV testing (AOR = 2.51, 95% C = 1.95–3.23), drinking alcohol almost every day (AOR = 5.49, 95 CI = 2.73–11.02), and using Internet daily (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.06–3.74) increase the odds of risky sexual behavior. Whereas, primary education (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.32–0.61), secondary education level (AOR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.29–0.72) and a high proportion of community-level media exposure (AOR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.12–0.75) decrease the odds of risky sexual behavior.ConclusionIn general, a significant proportion of sexually active unmarried men in Ethiopia have practiced risky sexual behavior. An intervention should be designed which are against the factors found to increase the odds of risky sexual behavior to reduce the incidence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.

Predictors of multiple sexual partners among men in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis

Multiple sexual partnerships were one of the public health issues in the spread of high rates of sexually transmitted infections in sub-Saharan regions. An increase in the number of non-marital sexual partners can lead to a loss of satisfaction as well as other mental health repercussions such as greater rates of anxiety, depression, etc. This study examined the predictors of multiple sexual partners among men in Ethiopia. This study used 2016 nationally representative data which was conducted using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. Multilevel binary logistic regression models were employed to estimate the predictors of multiple sexual partners among men in Ethiopia with the assistance of the STATA software. In this study 6778 participants were considered with an overall prevalence rate of multiple sexual partners of 6.5% during the 12 months preceding the survey. The findings showed that older-age, urban-resident, inconsistent use of a condom, exposure to any media, abuse of alcohol, early-time first-sex, and religion were predictors of multiple sexual partners among men in Ethiopia. The findings revealed that the prevalence rate of men's multiple sexual partners in Ethiopia was very high. Therefore, the country needs to re-examine the behavioral change strategies periodically to adapt to the contextual realities and engage relevant stakeholders. Specifically, health sectors and religious organizations should develop strategies to create awareness in society on the risk of having multiple sexual partnerships. In addition, we highly recommend stakeholders prepare risk reduction interventions that take the significant predictors of multiple sexual partners.

Understanding barriers to men’s support for family planning in rural Ethiopia—findings from the USAID Transform: Primary Health Care Project Gender Analysis

BackgroundEvidence suggests that supportive male engagement in health care services, including family planning, remains low in many countries, despite known benefits for female partners. In 2017–2018, the United States Agency for International Development Transform: Primary Health Care Project conducted a participatory gender analysis, collecting relevant data to better understand Ethiopian men’s lack of support for the uptake of family planning services.MethodsQualitative data were collected through 96 unique participatory group discussions with community members via a semistructured discussion guide and participatory activity; data were disaggregated by sex, age, and marital status. In-depth interviews (91) conducted with service providers, health system managers, and health extension workers used semistructured guides. Discussants and interviewees were selected purposefully, drawn from 16 rural woredas in four project regions: Amhara; Oromia; Tigray; and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region. Data collectors took notes and transcribed audio recordings. The research team deductively and inductively coded transcripts to develop preliminary findings later validated by key technical project staff and stakeholders.ResultsFindings reinforce existing knowledge on the dominant role of men in health care–related decision making in rural Ethiopia, although such decision making is not always unilateral in practice. Barriers at the societal level impede men’s support for family planning; these include norms, values, and beliefs around childbearing; religious beliefs rooted in scriptural narratives; and perceived adverse health impacts of family planning. Lack of efforts to engage men in health care facilities, as well as the perception that health care facilities do not meet men’s needs, highlight systems-level barriers to men’s use of family planning services.ConclusionsFindings indicate several opportunities for stakeholders to increase men’s support for family planning in rural Ethiopia, including systems-wide approaches to shape decision making, social and behavior change communication efforts, and additional research and assessment of men’s experiences in accessing health care services.

Being Stranded En Route: Navigating Ethiopian Men’s Trafficking Experience along the Eastern Desert Route

ABSTRACT The migration route extending from the city of Jijiga to the border town of Tog-wochalle near Somaliland is known as the Eastern Desert Route. This route serves as a concentration hub for many irregular migrants, including trafficking victims, arriving from the Northern and Central parts of Ethiopia, Somaliland, and Somalia without legal documents. Data were collected for this study along this route to understand the major risks and consequences encountered by trafficking victims along en route. Using a constructivist approach, data were collected through in-depth and key informant interviews, focus group discussion, and observation. Theoretical frameworks from symbolic interactionism; thematic and content analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that an increase in the number of irregular migrants transiting via the Jijiga-Tog-wochalle route and growth in the consciousness of the local community on the diverse sources of income and other economic benefits gained from the business of human trafficking have led to the emergence of new social interactions between victims and the local community. The paper concludes with policy interventions and recommendations to better help migrants.

Gender dynamics around introduction of improved forages in Kenya and Ethiopia

AbstractImproved forages of genus Brachiaria and Panicum grasses were introduced to men and women farmers in western Kenya and southern Ethiopia. To provide an understanding of the social and demographic characteristics of farming systems, a household survey was implemented in 2018/2019. In 2020, a complementary qualitative study was conducted to understand: (a) gender dynamics in accessing forage planting materials: (b) role of forage trait preferences, and (c) how the introduction of forage varieties influences gender relations in households. Forage seed/splits were accessed through women's groups. In Kenya, men and women were advised to source more forage seeds from private seed companies for scaling. In Ethiopia, men prioritized “fast regrowth” and women “nutritious biomass” traits; in Kenya, men prioritized “nutritious biomass” and women “how fast forage splits could be established” traits. The sale of the forage cuttings appeared to provide promising marketing opportunities for women, who were able to control the income generated. The introduction of improved forages, which are grown close to homesteads, reduced the time men and boys spent grazing livestock while increasing the time women and girls spent harvesting fodder. Following gender sensitivity training provided alongside forage introductions, Ethiopian men reported being involved in forage harvesting, chopping, and feeding against prevailing norms while the Kenyan women took on greater decision‐making roles. These positive outcomes in gender equity suggest that the integration of gender and forage technology trainings can secure significant gains not only for women, but also for the men in the households.

Individual and community-level determinants of overweight and obesity among urban men: Further analysis of the Ethiopian demographic and health survey.

BackgroundOverweight and obesity have become a serious public health problem in both developed and developing countries, particularly in urban areas. However, there are limited studies conducted to identify the risk factors of overweight and obesity in Ethiopia, especially among men. Therefore, this study aimed to assess individual and community level determinants of overweight and obesity among urban men in Ethiopia.MethodsThis study used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A weighted sample of 2259 urban men aged 15–59 years were included in this analysis. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to assess the determinants of overweight and obesity among the study participants.ResultsMen aged 30–44 years old (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI: 2.3–4.11), 45–59 years old (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI: 3.4–6.9), married (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3–2.2), with secondary education (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6–4.7), with higher education (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 2.1–6.2), watching television at least once a week (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.7), being from high rich communities (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5–3.7), and living in three metropolises (Addis Ababa, Harari, Diredawa) were more likely to be overweight or obese (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–2.9). However, currently unemployed men were less likely to be overweight or obese (AOR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.7).ConclusionBeing older age, being married, having higher educational status, having higher frequency of watching television, being residents of three metropolises (Addis Ababa, Harari, and Diredawa), and being from high rich communities were found to be predictors of overweight and obesity in Ethiopian men. Therefore, it is essential to design strategies and programs to reduce or prevent overweight and obesity with special focus on the identified risk factors.

Multilevel analysis of determinants of polygyny among married men in Ethiopia

BackgroundPolygyny occurs when a man has more than one wife at the same time. It often contributes to poor health among family members, particularly young children. It encourages the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS. The determinants of polygyny have not yet been adequately explored in Ethiopia. This study adds to the body of knowledge concerning the prevalence and distribution of polygyny in the country.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. Using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling, 7470 married men were selected. After verifying the assumptions of multilevel logistic regression analysis, Stata version 14.0 was used to analyse the data. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of polygyny. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to measure the association. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.ResultsAge from 30 to 44 years [AOR = 5.78, 95% CI = (3.13, 10.7)], age from 45 to 59 years [AOR = 16.5, 95% CI = (8.59, 31.8)], men with primary education or no formal education [AOR = 3.40, 95% CI = (1.50, 7.69)], being Muslim [AOR = 2.47, 95% CI = (1.28, 4.77)], sexual initiation at or above the age of 18 years [AOR = 0.46, 95% CI = (0.30, 0.68)] and being from a less developed region of Ethiopia [AOR = 3.67, 95% CI = (2.30, 5.83)] were factors associated with polygyny.ConclusionBoth individual and community level factors were identified as predictors of polygyny. Improving educational attainment and delaying men’s sexual debut could encourage the reduction of polygyny in Ethiopia.

Adolescent BMI and early-onset type 2 diabetes among Ethiopian immigrants and their descendants: a nationwide study

We assessed in a nationwide cohort the association between adolescent BMI and early-onset (< 40 years) type 2 diabetes among Israelis of Ethiopian origin. Normoglycemic adolescents (range 16–20 years old), including 93,806 native Israelis (≥ 3rd generation in Israel) and 27,684 Israelis of Ethiopian origin, were medically assessed for military service between 1996 and 2011. Weight and height were measured. Data were linked to the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. Incident type 2 diabetes by December 31, 2016 was the outcome. Cox regression models stratified by sex and BMI categories were applied. 226 (0.29%) men and 79 (0.18%) women developed diabetes during 992,980 and 530,814 person-years follow-up, respectively, at a mean age of 30.4 and 27.4 years, respectively. Among native Israeli men with normal and high (overweight and obese) BMI, diabetes incidence was 9.5 and 62.0 (per 105 person-years), respectively. The respective incidences were 46.9 and 112.3 among men of Ethiopian origin. After adjustment for sociodemographic confounders, the hazard ratios for type 2 diabetes among Ethiopian men with normal and high BMI were 3.4 (2.3–5.1) and 15.8 (8.3–30.3) respectively, compared to third-generation Israelis with normal BMI. When this analysis was limited to Israeli-born Ethiopian men, the hazard ratios were 4.4 (1.7–11.4) and 29.1 (12.9–70.6), respectively. Results persisted when immigrants of other white Caucasian origin were the reference; and among women with normal, but not high, BMI. Ethiopian origin is a risk factor for early-onset type 2 diabetes among young men at any BMI, and may require selective interventions.

Spatial Distribution and Factors Associated with Multiple Sexual Partnerships among Reproductive-Aged Men in Ethiopia: A Spatial and Mixed-Effect Analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.

BackgroundThough multiple sexual partnerships (MSPs) increase the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, they are still common in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate spatial distribution and factors associated with MSPs among reproductive-age men in Ethiopia.MethodsThis study was based on Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data. A total weighted sample of 12,688 men aged 15–59 years was included. Spatial analysis was conducted using Arc GIS 10.3 and SaTScan 9.6 statistical software. Mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between MSPs and independent variables. Variables with p<0.05 on multivariable mixed-effect analysis were considered significant predictors of MSPs.ResultsMSPs had significant variations across the country (global Moran’s I=0.109, p<0.001). The primary-cluster spatial window was located in the southwest Oromia and Somalia regions, withrelative risk of 3 and log-likelihood ratio of 24.49 (P<0.001). Age 20–29 years (AOR 2.79, 95% CI 1.83–4.26), 30–39 years (AOR 4.04, 95% CI 2.48–6.58), and 40–59 years (AOR 7.13, 95% CI 4.36–11.68), never married (AOR 1.54, 95% CI 1.13–2.08), femle-headed household (AOR 1.90, 95% CI 1.48–2.44), Internet usage (AOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.21–2.17), ever chewing khat (AOR 1.72, 95% CI 1.37–2.18), ever drinking alcohol (AOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.74–3.08), and being from regions other than Tigray, Harari, and Dire Dawa were significant factors associated with increased odds of MSPs.ConclusionMSPs showed significant variations across the country, with the primary-cluster spatial window located in Oromia and Somalia regions. Therefore, special attention should be paid to high-risk regions and groups, particularly those who are unmarried and substance users, to decrease MSPs and their serious consequences, such as HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.

Risky Alcohol Drinking Pattern and Its Association with Educational Attainment and Wealth Index among Adult Men Population in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey.

Risky alcohol drinking is one of the major public health problems and an important health risk factor for premature death and disability worldwide. Identifying the determinants of risky alcohol drinking patterns is crucial for developing and improving intervention on drinking behavior. In Ethiopia, the role of educational attainment and affluence in reducing risky alcohol drinking patterns among men remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association of educational status and affluence with risky alcohol drinking patterns using national representative data in Ethiopia. Secondary data analysis was conducted on 12,688 adult men using data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic Health Survey (EDHS). The dependent variable was a risky alcohol drinking pattern which is defined as the consumption of alcohol every day in the last 12 months before the interview. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to assess the association between educational attainment, Ethiopian standard wealth index, and risky alcohol drinking pattern, after adjusting for the potential confounders. The overall magnitude of risky alcohol drinking patterns among men in Ethiopia was 4.5% (95% CI: 3.4–5.9). Of the total men who had ever taken alcohol, 9.7% of men drink almost every day in the last 12 months. The odds of having a risky alcohol drinking pattern were lower among men who completed secondary education (AOR = 0.56 (0.329–0.961)) and men who completed higher education levels (AOR = 0.35 (0.164–0.765)) as compared to men who did not attend any formal education. Adult men in the top two wealth quintiles were twice more likely to have risky alcohol drinking patterns than those in the lowest wealth quintile (AOR = 2.13 (1.254–3.605)). This study showed that from the total adult male population, nearly 5% of Ethiopian men had risky drinking patterns. Individuals with low educational status and greater affluence engaged in high-risk alcohol consumption behavior.

Agency, Gender and Development in Oromia, Ethiopia1

This paper argues that the postcolonial revolution in knowledge about gender and power relations has not touched the agricultural sector nor literature. Using the validation data from a medium-n qualitative data study in Amhara and Oromia, Ethiopia, the paper presents a case study on farm gate selling to show how a nuclear family model is shaped by power relations that are seeded in the colonial past and yet are reproduced in the present. Ethiopian men do not share resources equally with their wife/family. So, women need to ‘help themselves’ to the stored harvest to manage the household’s needs. The paper shows how food security projects, and even those that aim to reduce post-harvest loss can be socially and economically disruptive.

Factors Influencing Loan Repayment of Rural Men in Ethiopia: The Case of Yaballo District

The study was conducted with the aim of identifying factors that influence loan repayment of rural men in Yaballo district using primary data that were collected through structured questionnaire from 140 sample men borrowers of Dadim and Cholkasa kebeles. Different sources of credit which the men used and repayment of the men to each source were also investigated. The estimation results of the logit model showed that age of the borrower, participation on off-farm activities, land size of borrowed, training, loan size loan diversion, and repayment period were found as the significant factors that enhance the loan repayment. Therefore, financial institution development practitioners should take those variables into consideration while giving credit to men borrowers. Keywords: Loan repayment, Credit, Logit model, Defaulter, non-defaulter DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-31-03 Publication date: November 30 th 2020