Ethical Social Responsibility Research Articles

Covid-19 as a Catalyst for Strengthening Research Practice in BRICS’ Universities

South Africa’s National Development Plan 2030 (National Planning Commission, 2012) argues that there must be a simultaneous focus on research and teaching for South African universities to advance knowledge and society. However, since the dawn of COVID-19, most research focuses on teaching, leaving unattended research about doing and philosophising about research practice. Therefore, this paper rethinks ways of thinking and researching for postgraduate students who are based in South Africa’s (SA’s) historically disadvantaged institutions of higher learning. It proposes how the COVID-19 should bring about a paradigm shift in research methodologies and research practice, including the necessary supervision support for students. This social constructivist paper draws on the reflections of two postgraduate supervisors, and further reflects on broader paradigmatic issues within research. This paper relies strongly on the experiences of the authors as a primary source and also conceptually harvested from the existing literature. The autobiographic element study allows the researchers to explore the intersection between themselves and the subject they are studying, permitting the reader to understand this intersection and reflect on their own experiences (Given, 2008). There are two main arguments in this paper; 1) A call for re-centring the ethics of care and ethics of social responsibility as premises from which all research should start. This can be done by reflecting and exploring the first-hand experiences of those who are in Historically Disadvantaged Institutions (HDIs). 2) It is a call for equitable distribution of resources across BRICS universities, focusing primarily on the improvement of the HDIs which is consistent with BRICS’ multilateral developmental agenda.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor Pengambilan Keputusan Terhadap Konsultan Pajak


 
 The objective of this study is to identify the different factors that influence the decision-making process of the tax advisor. The method used in this research calls upon literature and bibliographical studies. The author uses various reviews, the discussion of which is always important and used as reference material in the creation of these reviews. The results of this study indicate that perceptions of Machiavellianism, ethics of social responsibility, situational factors, and locus of control have a positive impact on professional tax decisions. The research may be used as reference material for other researchers.
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Joseph Soloveitchik as Weimar Intellectual and Prophetic Ethicist

This article is an effort to advance the way Joseph Soloveitchik is read, in large part by way of (re)situating his work within its original, though not only, context: Before Soloveitchik was a leading figure of post-World-War-II Orthodox Judaism in America, he was a Berlin-trained, Weimar-era European philosopher, and his work is decisively animated, I show, by his concerns as the latter. I focus in particular on Soloveitchik's The Halakhic Mind, a work that has been predominantly read as a methodological intervention addressed to philosophers of religion in general and practitioners of Jewish thought in particular. The standard reading is not wrong. It is, however, critically incomplete, in that it elides one of the project's most fundamental concerns: to save European humanity from itself—or, following shortly after World War II, to set European humanity aright as prophylactic security against further civilizational catastrophe. Second, on the standard reading The Halakhic Mind is a fundamentally neo-Kantian project. This characterization is misleadingly incomplete: The work does indeed insist on a strong neo-Kantian constraint on the spiritual program it promotes, but that program is deeply and explicitly phenomenological and existentialist rather than neo-Kantian in character. Finally, studies of Soloveitchik's thought simply have not lent attention to Soloveitchik's distinctively prophetic, as opposed to legal, ethics of social responsibility. It is the practice of prophecy, understood as a human universal, which emerges as Soloveitchik's principal prescription for confronting the philosophically decisive threat of mass-societal evil.

Letting the Data Speak

Journalists in democratic societies perceive their role as guardian of the public’s trust. This ethic of social responsibility has been infused into all tasks related to news production—particularly the act of convening debate surrounding salient issues. The entry of data journalists into the newsroom has upended this shared occupational schema. In processing big data for a lay audience, data journalists place greatest emphasis upon their role as translators of abstract and technical knowledge. While these newsworkers still perceive their work as operating in the public good, data journalists are shifting their professional boundaries when promoting conversation around data products—particularly in the social space. This work, based on in-depth interviews with data journalists in America’s top newspapers, illuminates how data journalists perceive their social responsibility role in fostering democratic conversation with the audience.

Samvetsetik och social ansvarsetik; två moraltyper?

SUMMARYRobert Hogan's research on a variable of moral judgement, the “ethics of conscience—ethics of social respontibility”—is critically examined. Hogan's main thesis is that the endpoints of this dimension are developmentally and morally equivalent. It is shown that in reality, the variable in question is based on a distinction between a progressive autonomous morality and a conservative heteronomous one. Throughout, Hogan does his best to disguise this fact, chiefly by trying to link autonomy to individual morality and heteronomy to social morality, and arguing for the desirability of both views. However, autonomous morality may quite well be applied socially as well as individually.—Hogan found that young social and political activists tended to adopt the ethics of conscience—and certain results in particular make the assumption of equivalence a highly questionable one: the ethics of social responsibility—view—point shows significant and positive correlations with authoritarianism and dogmatism, and i...

Ethics of social responsibility to indirect stakeholders: a strategic perspective

The responsibilities of organisations to their stakeholders have gained a strategic importance over the last decades. Following the literature on stakeholder management, a firm's stakeholders can be grouped into three classes on the basis of their positions in organisational environment, as internal, direct and indirect stakeholders. Whereas internal and direct stakeholders attract increasing attention from corporate managers, indirect stakeholders have usually been neglected by the practitioners. The purpose of this study is to provide an ethical approach on how a business organisation can conceptualise its responsibilities to indirect stakeholders and suggest strategic steps to adopt this approach for long-term competitive advantage. In tandem with its conceptual framework, the study classifies existing implications of responsible corporate action towards indirect stakeholders among cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategies.

Solidarity networks: what are they? And why should we care?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the theoretical foundations of the solidarity network concept and its perceived utility as an enabling force for social organizations to influence change. The theoretical framework presented is intended to stimulate dialogue, interest and investigation on the subject of solidarity networks.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a discourse analysis‐type approach to developing a theoretical framework for conceptualizing solidarity networks through an analytical review of existing literature on solidarity and solidarity networks. It is through consideration of this literature that the “threads” of a theoretical model for solidarity networks are “woven” together.FindingsBased on the findings of the analysis the paper asserts that the following characteristics are among the defining elements of solidarity networks and help to form the basis of a theoretical framework that strives to create a more cohesive understanding and an applied exploration for future analytical investigations. These characteristics are: support for “broad” values, anti‐oppression and vision‐based solidarity for the future; the flexibility and adaptability of the network's organizational structure and issue‐area(s) of focus; that network members are motivated by a sense of mutuality, or mutual self‐interest; that network members are motivated by “high‐order” values associated with the “public good”; and that there is a demonstrated ethic of social responsibility and social justice.Originality/valueThe paper represents a theoretically‐based approach to conceptualizing solidarity networks. It adds new dimensions to one's thinking about social networks as a form of social relationship and social network analysis (SNA) as a “tool” for describing social relationships.

Corporate America and Web Access for the Blind

Abstract Advances in technology have given the blind public a new voice in corporate America. Today, blind individuals are able to utilize the internet independently using screen access software. However, like ramps for wheelchairs in physical spaces, website accommodations are needed in cyberspace for successful use. A review of the current literature indicates trends in public relations are shifting toward a corporate ethic of social responsibility, but online concerns for the disabled are not clearly demonstrated among the leading corporations in the United States. The purpose of this research is to determine if blind consumers are being accommodated on corporate websites in a manner that is conducive to public relations efforts to establish and maintain positive relationships with this new public. A content analysis of the websites maintained by the top 100 Fortune 500 corporations in the United States was performed to identify the current web design practices being used to relate to blind publics thr...

5.1 The demography of oral diseases, future challenges and the implications for dental education.

This Section considered the immense challenges presented by the changing demography of populations (in particular, cross-boundary flow), changing oral and dental disease trends. It also considered the difficulties of gathering data on such information. It then considered how these challenges may affect the education of the dental team in the future. The Section considered the concept of the 'global village' as a representation of the changing world demography. We were at pains to recognize that our role was in considering both emerging and established market economies. In fact, a major part of the Section's activities concentrated on the development of the professional ethic of social responsibility - represented at the local, regional, national and international levels. We considered a finite group of oral and dental diseases, namely dental caries, periodontal diseases, oral cancer and cranio-facial disorders. In addition, we chose to comment on systemic diseases influenced by oral diseases, oral diseases influenced by systemic diseases and iatrogenic diseases (including prion disorders and cross-infection control issues). The Section recognized the profound difference between needs and demands in the provision of oral and dental health care. We considered the concept of best practices within our working remit and named these as: * the gathering of valid data on health trends; * uniformity in the measurement of disease and diagnostic parameters; * the identification of a core curriculum which best addresses an increased awareness of changing demography; and * a multidisciplinary approach to education and research in the context of global collaboration. The Section recognized the enormous potential for global networking with the explosion of information and communication technology. We investigated the requirements in converging towards higher global standards, while accepting and appreciating important regional and continental differences. To this end, the Section has put forward a number of important recommendations and realistic goals.

Corporations and the Ethics of Social Responsibility: An Emerging Regime of Expansion and Compliance

Corporate ethics has undergone significant change in response to environmental issues, and is beginning to evolve further in response to emerging notions of social responsibility, defined in terms of human rights issues. Three dimensions of ethical behaviour – national, international and theoretical – are defined and illustrated through three case studies. The increasingly complex interaction between two of the dimensions, national and international in a global context, poses a significant challenge to corporations attempting to develop and extend best practices. Essentially, that challenge is not only one of corporate compliance, either voluntary or enforced by a system of regulatory and legal measures, but also a question of responsibility for damage or abuse. Three cases are presented which illustrate the complexity of the interactions. The Simon Jones case emphasises the dangers of casual work in multinational labour transactions, and the shortcomings of national remedies even in an advanced economy such as the UK. The second case, Tommy Hilfiger et al., raises a complex set of questions regarding national and international responsibility for compensation in developing economies. The third case, the Royal/Dutch Shell Group, serves as a model of voluntary corporate reform designed to bridge the gap between principles and practice both nationally and internationally.

Social Responsibility Ethics: Doing Right, doing Good, doing Well

The ethics of social responsibility is discussed in reference to six case vignettes drawn from forensic psychology. A definitional model of social responsibility is proposed, and two unequal components of the concept—respect for the individual and concern for social welfare—are identified. The sources of ethical conflict in regard to social responsibility are enumerated. Scholarly criticism of the value orientation of forensic psychology is reviewed, and forensic psychology is contrasted with social policy advocacy efforts made by organized psychology. The social responsibility obligations of psychologists in the microethical sphere, where their actions affect individuals, are diffentiated from the obligations psychology has when operating in the macroethical sphere of social policy. The ethical problems inherent in policy advocacy brought about by individual psychologists working with individuals are underscored: the inevitable element of deception, the violation of role integrity, and the circumvention of social structures and institutions that safeguard the rights of individuals.

Social Responsibility Ethics: Doing Right, doing Good, doing Well

Social Responsibility Ethics: Doing Right, doing Good, doing Well

The relation between the ethics of personal conscience—social responsibility and principled moral reasoning

Three samples of college students were tested on Hogan's Survey of Ethical Attitudes (SEA) and Rest's Defining Issues Test (DIT), a test of moral reasoning ability in the Kohlbergian tradition. In addition, one of the samples took Collins's revision of Rotter's Internal-External Scale (I-E) while another sample took Snyder's Self-Monitoring Scale. There was a small but reliable tendency for subjects who endorsed the "ethics of personal conscience," as measured by the SEA, to show greater maturity in moral reasoning, as assessed by the DIT. This result was seen as raising some interesting questions about the relation between liberalism-conservatism and moral maturity. The subjects who advocated the ethics of social responsibility tended to show more internal locus of control as measured by the I-E scale. There also was a tendency for subjects who preferred the morality of conventional role-conformity, as measured by the DIT, to have high scores on the Self-Monitoring Scale. The correlations between personal conscience and mature moral reasoning, while significant, were small enough to make it seem that people of various social and political attitudes are likely to achieve maturity in moral reasoning.

Some relationships between sociopolitical ideology and moral character among college youth

This report is intended to clarify the relationship, observed in studies using Kohlberg's moral character model, between the character of college youth and their ideology. With a student sample, measures of three of Hogan's dimensions of moral character (moral judgment, socialization, and empathy) were correlated with sociopolitical ideology defined in terms of several indices of liberalismconservatism. Only the moral judgment dimension (ethics of social responsibility vs. ethics of personal conscience) as measured by Hogan 's Survey of Ethical Attitudes was related to ideology. These results indicate that in accordance with an ethics of responsibility, conservatives have a greater respect for the utility of rules in regulating human conduct and a greater tendency to attribute blame to the individual rather than the societal environment. The study provided no evidence to support conservative charges that radical youth possess delinquent predispositions or liberal and radical claims that conservatives are less concerned about the welfare of others.

Correlates of the ethics of personal conscience and the ethics of social responsibility.

Correlates of the ethics of personal conscience and the ethics of social responsibility.