Ethical World Research Articles

Mary Warnock and the world of morals, ethics, and infertility

Mary Warnock and the world of morals, ethics, and infertility

Islamic business ethics of culinary business actors by Pontianak City

As a business actor, the importance of behavior in pursuing the world of business, business ethics or moral values is a critical point that becomes an important handle. Business ethics in Islam here has an orientation to maintain the rules that have been applied in accordance with Islamic sharia and do not approach the nature of greed and selfish behavior. Not a few business actors who do not pay more attention to ethics in the scope of their business activities, the role of ethics here is very important, especially in business transactions in it. This study aims to determine the use of business ethics principles in business activities and their implementation in the form of production results by culinary business actors souvenirs of Pontianak City. By using five principles of business ethics in the form of tawhid principles, balance principles, free will principles, responsibility principles, virtue principles, and this research involved 30 business actors who are Muslim and used Likert scale analysis methods. Based on the results of Likert scale analysis, it shows that business actors have used the principles of Islamic business ethics and implemented the form of products that are produced well so that they can be accepted by the market.

Preserving Ethics in a Not So Ethical World

Ethical principles can be traced as far back as the ancient philosophers, including Plato and Aristotle, who believed in virtue as a guide for ethical action, and Kant, who developed the concept that obligation instructs us how to behave.1 The terms “professional ethics” and “medical ethics” were created by English physician Thomas Percival in 1803, which led to the adoption of the first code of ethics by the American Medical Association in 1847.2 Today, many corporations and organizations have established a code of ethics for employees and members. These codes provide a guide on what to do, as well as what not to do, in a given situation.

A Study on Influencing Factors and Challenges of Ethics in Business in Indian Context

In order to survive and grow in the market, moral values are one thing which must be taken into consideration along with the vision set up by Organization. From a business point of view each and every organization tries to achieve the main goal, which obviously is to ‘maximize the profit’. But while doing so these organizations should also consider their moral, ethical and social obligations. Business ethics refers to the principles, values, and moral standards that guide the behavior and conduct of individuals and organizations within the business environment. As economies evolve and global markets expand, the role of ethical behavior in business becomes increasingly important. Ethics support indirectly to the growth of the Organizations. In this era of sustainability, ethics is the power in the hands of organizations to achieve sustainable practices.
 This research paper aims to explore the various influencing factors and challenges that impact ethical practices within the world of business. The study examines various internal and external elements affecting ethical decision-making processes among businesses, analyzes the implications of these factors on corporate behavior, and suggests potential strategies to promote ethical practices. It is an exploratory & descriptive study completed massively with the help of Secondary data. The paper encompasses the world of Ethics in Business & describes the associated factors & challenges. The Author has suggested a recommendary model stating the essence of ethics in business and the approaches required to achieve the same. The Author has considered industries at large and the same may be the limitations of the study as the inferences are indicative in nature rather exhaustive. Ethics have a strong role to play in the world of Business, this attempts to generate insights in this respect.

Multiaccentual coalitions, dialogic grief and carnivalesque assemblies: Judith Butler and Mikhail Bakhtin meet in the world of ethics

This article for the first time seeks to bring together theoretical insights from Judith Butler and Mikhail Bakhtin in order to strengthen their respective understanding of ethics. First, the article suggests that Bakhtin’s theory of dialogic events and the ‘multiaccentuality’ and thematic nature of everyday utterances can help Butler address criticisms that suggest her work concentrates too heavily on invariant meanings in utterances. Second, Butler’s theory of coalitions can usefully politicise Bakhtin’s ideas on utterances, while her ethics of grief is a crucial way to think about how we forge bonds with the ‘Other’. Correspondingly, Bakhtin’s theory of the ethical ‘I’ adds an important moment of ‘empathy’ to Butler’s account of grief and the ‘Other’. Third, Butler’s theory of state hegemony and counter-hegemonic assemblies can provide an important addition to Bakhtin’s theory, while Bakhtin’s theory of carnivalesque democracy strengthens Butler’s insights on equality in assemblies and occupying a liveable life.

Making History, Making Worlds

Making History, Making Worlds Robin D. G. Kelley (bio) In a way, the obsessions that drove me into and then rapidly away from drama were those most beautifully summarized in a few thoughts of Marx: by mixing our labor with the earth, we change the external world and thereby change our own nature. That's what drama is; that's what geography is: making history, making worlds. —Ruth Wilson Gilmore, "What Is to Be Done" (2022) Ruth Wilson Gilmore's Abolition Geography: Essays towards Liberation contains many definitions of abolition, all of which are incisive, insightful, profound, and equally valuable. They represent an accretion of ideas produced from a lifetime of intellectual work and organized struggle, flashes of which appear in three decades of collected writing. In an interview for the Intercept not included in the book but quoted in the introduction by its editors, Brenna Bhandar and Alberto Toscano, Gilmore insists, "Abolition has to be 'green.' It has to take seriously the problem of environmental harm, environmental racism, and environmental degradation. To be 'green' it has to be 'red.' It has to figure out ways to generalize the resources needed for well-being for the most vulnerable people in our community, which then will extend to all people. And to do that, to be "green" and "red," it has to be international."1 A month after the Intercept published this interview, Gilmore further elaborated on the meaning of abolition in an email to me: "I think really hard about defining abolition. To me, it's an elaboration (not novel but distinctive) of small-c communism, without a party though I wish we had party discipline. … I'm a Leninist in the sense that I do believe we can prevail with a combination of "the Soviets plus electricity." What is that 100 years on? For one thing, its groupings wherever they struggle fighting to redistribute material and symbolic resources." In other words, abolition begins and ends with "groupings" of people struggling to end the stranglehold of racial capitalism on the earth and all of its life forms, and build a sustainable, equitable, and ethical world for all. Building is the keyword. Abolition is less an act of demolition than a construction project. It is creative creation, the boundless and boundary-less struggle to make our collective lives better, what she calls "life in rehearsal." As she told Clement Petitjean in an interview: "Abolition is: figuring out how to work with people [End Page 383] to make something rather than figuring out how to erase something … Abolition is a theory of change, it's a theory of social life. It's about making things."3 To illustrate her point, she turns to W. E. B. Du Bois's classic Black Reconstruction in America (1935), which not only showed "how slavery ended through the actions and organized activity of the slaves" but that the legal abolition of slavery "doesn't tell you anything about the next day, what the next day, and days thereafter, looked like during the revolutionary period of radical Reconstruction." In other words, freedom was not an event, nor was it "given." It had to be made. Her invocation of Black Reconstruction was very deliberate. It is the story of groupings of people once regarded as chattel "making history, making worlds," transforming property relations, organizing to redistribute material and symbolic resources, and changing themselves in the process. Drama, indeed. Du Bois called it "the most magnificent drama in the last thousand years of human history. … the finest effort to achieve democracy for the working millions which this world had ever seen."4 He defined their vision and practice of freedom as "abolition democracy," the determined struggle to destroy all vestiges of slavery and rebuild the country into the democracy it never was. Their vision derived not from Marx or Engels but from the Old Testament idea of Jubilee. Its principles are expressed in Leviticus chapter 25 and Isaiah 61, which calls for the cancellation of debts, restitution of land, freeing of all slaves, which entails "to proclaim liberty to the captives and release to those in prison." Jubilee marked a new beginning, a clearing intended for building the new...

Analisis Fenomena Cancel Culture dalam Etika “Klik” Manusia di Era Digital Menurut F. Budi Hardiman

The research of this study pays attention to the cancel culture phenomenon in the ethics of human communication in today’s digital era. In particular, the author will describe F. Budi Hardiman’s thoughts on the ethics of “Click” in human existence in cyberspace. The methodology used in this research is qualitative-descriptive. Cancel culture is a phenomenon that has recently colored the dynamics of human relations in social media. The culture of cancelling or boycotting someone by indulging in issues or disgrace of other parties whose truth is not yet clear is certainly problematic in today’s digital ethical world. F. Budi Hardiman pays attention to the ethics of “Click” as a moral action that needs to be explored by humans in today’s digital world. The purpose of this research is to explore the cancel culture phenomenon from the ethical perspective of “Click” and the role of Digi-sein in building morality in the digital world. The author found that “Click” has led to fanaticism and belittled value systems in the form of empathy for others. Therefore, it is necessary to have “Click” ethic that contains virtue, as described by Budi Hardiman, namely the attitude of reflective pause which refers to the act of virtue full of courage to voice the truth, honesty to convey information as it is, and self-control to refuse irrational news or opinions so that the “Click” action is filled with ethical values towards the good of life together.

A hypothetical improvement of the quadruple helix model of innovation

Orientation: Innovation is forged by sub-revolutions as described by the quadruple helix (QH) model. Research purpose: Innovation model formation is complex, and the useful QH model can develop and improve to be exemplary. Motivation for the study: The rationale of the study is to validate and improve the QH model with additional concepts, fresh perspectives of experts and the investigation of the primary sub-revolutions forging innovation. Research design, approach and method: A conceptual and critical review approach implied narrative data of the model from secondary sources; a convenience sample of five innovation experts for critical reviews was thematically analysed. Main findings: Ultimately, the improved QH model must accommodate the legal, moral and ethical world to merge with the physical, biological and digital worlds; appropriate terminology for QH innovation leadership is needed, and triple technology theory (TTT) should be incorporated with the triple management theory (TMT) dimension of the model; the review conformed the sub-revolutions of innovation with respect to (1) innovation leadership, upscaling agility and innovation essentials, (2) the triple helix (TH) ecosystems sub-revolution and epochal society and (3) the new technological paradigm, technology intensity and TMT. Practical/managerial implications: The already useful QH model is confirmed and may develop to become exemplary with respect to the hypothetical improvements suggested. Contribution/value-add: A fresh and improved QH model is suggested in the context of complex innovation model formation and the paucity of literature.

Role of ethics in global business

Man wants success, since the success of a person in personal, professional, and social life depends on his patterns of communication behavior, the correction of these patterns also plays an essential role in achieving success.Success is achieved in the light of man's right and easy connection with himself and others; Because people are constantly interacting with themselves and others. Man is a social being and today, with the amazing development of societies, globalization,Individuals interact with a multitude of different organizations, and this has significantly complicated the relationship of individuals with each other and with organizations and the interrelationship of organizations with each other.Despite these complexities, everyone wants easy and correct communication with each other; Because they find comfort and tranquility in its light. This article seeks to examine the role of professional ethics in business, the history of business ethics in the world, the principles and foundations of business ethics and the views of thinkers, fair and unfair business practices, ethical guidelines on commercial advertising, consumer rights and ethics In production, globalization and business ethics, social marketing and its relationship with ethics, business ethics, and intellectual property rights, definitions of moral values, fair or just trade, ethical charters, and their codification circumstance business ethics terminology, international organizations active in the field of professional ethics.

On radiation protection and climate change – a summary

planned for construction as well as those at proposal stage. However, the ethics of nuclear power is increasingly under challenge due to the incidents at the Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants, and concerns over radioactive discharges, safe management of radioactive waste and lack of an operational repository for spent nuclear fuel. Central to these concerns is the perceived unique radiological risk of nuclear power. But in a world where Climate Change presents a threat to the entire planet, is nuclear power and the associated radiological risk not ethical? Exploring the interplay between climate change ethics and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)’s System of Radiological Protection, we consider the major contribution that new nuclear power stations can make to climate change mitigation, through decarbonisation of power systems, and finally unpick the case for nuclear power in this new world of climate change ethics.

Cenografia, agenciamento e mundo ético na entrevista em Jogo de cena: uma abordagem discursiva

ABSTRACT Among Eduardo Coutinho’s vast production, the documentary Jogo de cena (2007) stands out and is celebrated as being the centerpiece of the filmmaker's filmography, in which the interviews occupy a central place. The purpose of this article is to reflect upon these interviews, discursively, based on: speech scenes put in perspective and in relation to the aesthetic choices and materiality of the documentary; nature of the interviewer-interviewee relationship, marked by the refusal of an “alleged neutrality” and the production of settings, scenographies, and ethical worlds. For this, we articulated basic concepts of Discourse Analysis, as theorized by Dominique Maingueneau, such as interdiscourse, scenography, setting and discursive ethos. The results demonstrate that it is possible to establish a dialogue between Coutinho’s methodological apparatus and concepts of Discourse Analysis. From a mystical aura of his welcoming silence, the interviewer’s respectful and considerate ethos in relation to the characters' speeches can be inferred.

»We’re all haunted by our choices« – die Verhandlung ethischer Leitlinien in SNOWPIERCER

The series Snowpiercer (2020– ) deals with the social restructuring processes on board the ›Snowpiercer‹. This paper investigates the socio-political structures of the train and the modalities of the protagonists’ ethical decision-making. In a world frozen to -120°C, the last humans seek to survive on this 1001-wagon-long train, whose constant movement is the guarantor of the energy supply necessary to withstand the cold. The series takes up collective ethical questions and discusses them within the framework of a dystopian scenario. In doing so, the series confronts two antagonistic heroes, whose actions are emblematic of two completely different ethical world views. While Andre Layton strives for social justice and freedom for the train’s underclass, Melanie Cavill pursues a system-ethical approach that gives top priority to the smooth running of operations. The study will emphasize a gender studies perspective as the invention of Cavill as a female leader is of particular interest for the analysis of decision-making.

Veiled Superheroes: Islam, Feminism, and Popular Culture. By Sophia Rose Arjana with Kim FoxDrawing on Religion: Reading and the Moral Imagination in Comics and Graphic Novels. By Ken Koltun-Fromm

Comic books and their stories have risen to dominate much of popular culture over the last few decades. Superheroes and the like are now found in all areas of our media—books, movies, television. Accompanying this rise to prominence has been a conscious effort in comics to better speak to and for the diverse audiences that are engaging these stories. No longer are the vast majority of heroes white, cisgender men (much to the chagrin of some of the white, cisgender male readers … but this review is not about the Comicsgate controversies). Nor are discussions of these changes held solely among such an audience. Indeed, the presentation of diverse people and the various beliefs they may hold has become a point of discussion for academics concerned about this development in comics media. The two books discussed here examine the underlying value to readers of these diverse representations. Sophia Rose Arjana’s Veiled Superheroes analyzes portrayals of “Muslimah (Muslim female) superheroes, who often, but not always, practice veiling” (xv) as both positive constructions and critiques of Muslim and female identities when they are portrayed in various comics media in ways that are “anti-colonial, feminist, and liberational” (xx). Arjana discusses projects that feature Muslimah heroes to confront numerous stereotypes about Muslims in general, with a focus on depictions of Muslim women and the use of veiling, and she offers a vision of these Muslimah heroes that demonstrates freedom and agency. Ken Koltun-Fromm’s Drawing on Religion puts forth a strategy for reading comics that offers some tools by which readers are better able to examine the multiple modes of religious representation employed in comics. Koltun-Fromm works to illustrate how comics “both expand and limit our ethical worlds” through “visual representations and the ethical presentation of self, community, and religious practice” (2), and Arjana addresses the tension between comics as a static medium imbued with artistic and narrative strategies and the reader’s responsibility for grappling with them. These texts therefore introduce readers to crucial issues at the heart of depictions of religions in comics and steer readers to engage that material in new ways. Taken as a pair, Koltun-Fromm provides a general survey from which all comics readers could benefit, whereas Arjana offers a deep-dive into the troubles of depicting a specific community and the ways that comic creators negotiate those issues. Each author deftly contends with the adage that “representation matters” and with the specific representations of religious life that comics offer.

ADOLESCENT DIGITAL LITERACY AND ETHICS

Language is a means of communication among individuals. Along with the development of social media, aspects of communication using language are increasingly diverse. This diversity appears according to general agreement in community communication patterns. The tendency to produce new terms is very possible where communities have diverse backgrounds, both educational, economic, family and so on, as factors that produce new languages. This study uses a qualitative approach that presents research on the use of language in social media. The finding shows that new media and adolescence are both seen as something that is taking shape. The instability of these two things has a tendency to be mutually beneficial or even detrimental on the one hand. Early awareness of the characteristics of the new digital ethical world media in relation to adolescent users is expected to reduce the negative excesses of the impact it causes. Hence, literacy and ethics towards new media are the keys for teenagers to be able to enrich their identities and maintain their privacy.

Business Ethics - Hindrance or Necessity for Corporate Profitability: An Empirical Corporate Governance Study of US Listed Firms

This corporate governance essay seeks to investigate whether business ethics are a hindrance or necessity for corporate profitability? The research analyzes the antagonistic views dividing the world of business ethics, using GLS panel analysis of 943 listed US firms (2005 -2009). Corporate governance is divided into good and questionable governance; their impact, along with the board of directors’ compensation is regressed on pretax income. The results become clearer when controlling for trends in the data, although the model weakens. The results empirically strengthen the arguments that questionable corporate governance has a significant and negative effect on the profitability of the firm; questionable governance hinders profitability. Good corporate governance has a positive but insignificant effect on profitability. The board of directors’ compensation has a significant positive effect on profitability. This study extends the agency theory by providing an avenue for dividing governance into good (GCG) and questionable corporate governance (QCG) and empirical examining their effect on corporate profitability; the study coins a new term Questionable Corporate Governance. The research provides empirical results that questionable corporate governance hampers profitability; as a policy, directors should try to marginalize its use. The research empirically reinforces the belief that firms reap the consequences of the ethics they pursue, thus contributing to the literature on the business ethics and profitability schism.

From junk science pawn to public-led trials

Junk scientists and unethical healthcare providers often tell the public that systematic reviewers reject real research because of bias or that universities and the FDA are paid off by the pharmaceutical industry. I was snared in this trap during my role in a spinal injury foundation after sustaining significant brain and spine injuries. I was too naïve and damaged to understand that not all doctors are ethical or that the role of the FDA is in protecting public health. As my brain started to recover I began attending classes at the Open University and I found the world of ethics, research methods and cell biology. Soon my days at the spinal organization were numbered as I pointed out errors in the protocols and discrepancies in what the participants should know. I shared that vulnerable persons need to be informed they are participants and not patients and that it was unethical to charge patients for experimental research or use them as shields against the recommendations of the FDA. The organization battled the FDA who won a permanent injunction against them. I was dismissed long before this but felt like I had blood on my hands. I decided I would become an informed healthcare provider and I proceeded to learn Evidence-Based Healthcare at the University of Oxford where I completed the Masters and went on to become a Doctor of Philosophy student to bring evidence-based healthcare and public led trials to the masses. This is my story.

Physician Assistance in Dying: An Option for Christians?

Abstract Opposition to physician-assisted suicide is widespread in Christian ethics. However, on a topic as controversial as physician-assisted suicide, no one can reasonably speak for “the Christian” perspective. Natural-law and, specifically, just-war thinking are claimed in the Christian tradition, yet the natural-law contribution to a Christian ethical analysis of physician-assisted suicide requires explanation and defense. Natural-law ethical theory affirms the central role of reason in moral thinking and provides a theoretical resource in contemporary ethics to assist in analyzing specific moral issues, problems, and conflicts. This essay seeks to demonstrate how just-war thinking, derived from natural-law tradition, allows movement from the theoretical world of natural-law theory to the practical world of normative ethics. Here the case is made that the just-war model of ethics helps elucidate the moral problematic involved in physician-assisted suicide while clarifying direction on this particularly thorny and controversial problem.

Hegel’s Antigone: The Birth of the Constitution from the Spirit of Tragedy

Abstract Sophocles’ Antigone has been studied intensely for more than two thousand years, but it was especially Hegel’s allegorical use of this tragedy in several of his works (first and foremost the Phenomenology of Spirit) that added yet another fascinating facet to its possible reading: the birth of the legal order and therewith a constitutional system from the conflict between two normative orders. In this contribution, I interpret the dialectic structure of Antigone in a manner in which each normative position – both Antigone’s and Creon’s – are equally justified and thereby antithetic in the ethical world of the Greek polis. It is therefore only by transcending this tragic conflict between the human and the divine orders that we can transform necessary externalities (‘fate’) into a process of a legal status which eventually allows individuals to become the authors of the law itself and thus to guarantee their freedom. I denote this reading of Hegel’s Antigone as ‘symmetrical’, since it accepts both positions – Antigone’s divine law and Creon’s human law – as equal and makes freedom and justice only possible through the law. This means that an ‘asymmetrical’ reading, giving prevalence to either position (for instance, found in Goethe or Habermas) and localizing freedom and justice beyond the law, can never effectively result in a legal status that would allow individual persons to become legal persons.My principal argument consequently is that only a symmetrical view of this normative conflict can justifiably be regarded as making a constitutional order possible in the first place. It is feasible only in a dynamic-genealogical fashion (ie, by constantly generating this order through conflict and the transcending of this conflict through mutual recognition) that concurrently also respects individuals as particular individuals, not just as formal equals among equals, by allowing them to realize their personalities and to find themselves through the arts, science, and philosophy. This is more than a merely formal or negative constitution which recognizes every person as equal and free, but disregards their particularities; this is a material and positive constitution that can guarantee both equality and self-actualization. Such a constitutional order guarantees an identity of universal laws and individuality, and accordingly offers individuals a solution to the conflicting ethical orders of the ancient polis in which they would otherwise remain trapped.

The war of ethical worlds: why an acceptance of Posthumanism on Mars does not imply a follow up on Earth

Space bioethics, or the bioethical approach to space exploration, is still a very limited field that mostly spins off from debates that we are having on Earth already. When discussing hypothetical scenarios such as that of colonizing Mars or other planets we tend to filter such conceptualizations through the eyes of our earthly standpoint. Yet, by looking into some of the approaches that various Posthumanist scholars with different levels of space exploration enthusiasm propose, we should resist the temptation to establish or reinforce a continuity between the ethical standards applied on Earth and Mars (or other planets or contexts in Space that substantially differ from Earth). This temptation is indeed very strong in the current literature; hence it needs to be addressed so to help us not being deviated from understanding what Mars or space colonization might indeed imply for humanity. This paper wants to introduce to a wider audience the concern that it is of crucial importance to acknowledge that the exceptionality of the conditions occurring in space should not be used as a tool to lower our guard towards a mass implementation of societal, biological and ethical revolutions on this planet and our world as the result of maladapting states of exceptionality that might work well in space but have a much weaker ethical legitimacy on Earth.

Knowing oneself and one’s home country: Reflections on Fang Junbi's experiences from the perspectives of emotions and feminist history

Fang Junbi 方君璧 was a famous Chinese female painter of the twentieth century and a core member of the Wang Jingwei 汪精衛 clique. As an intellectual woman of both the old and new eras, she had fierce national affection and patriotic zeal and also held moral ideals on the lasting loyalty and unchanging nature of love and friendship. During World War II she experienced the loss of country and family and the course of Wang Jingwei seeking peace with Japan. While extremely pained internally, her feelings for Wang remained as strong as ever, and when he fell gravely ill she risked her life to travel to Japan to be with him. Wang gave her an inkstone as a parting gift, signifying that the affection between the two was as solid as stone. During the 1970s she accepted an invitation to return to China where she witnessed the historic achievements of New China and sincerely identified with the Communist Party of China and its revolutionary culture. Knowing herself and her home country was the deepest sentiment of her life, and these two sentiments cannot be fully accounted for using the narrative of "women's liberation" in Chinese revolution or Western feminist discourse. Through the winding path of affection in the deep spiritual connection between Fang Junbi and her sister Fang Junying 方君瑛, her husband Zeng Zhongming 曾仲鳴, and her teacher and friend Wang Jingwei, we can understand their personalities, values, and modes of behavior, enriching our knowledge of the world of affection, ethics, and souls of modern Chinese female intellectuals, and providing resources for reflecting on the personal growth of women today.