Ethical Attitudes Research Articles

The Relationship Between Ethical Attitudes and Compassion Fatigue in Nurses Working in Surgical Intensive Care Units

Aim This study aimed to explore the relationship between ethical attitudes and compassion fatigue experienced by nurses in surgical intensive care units. Methods It is mixed-design research. The study was conducted with 38 nurses working in the surgical intensive care units of a university hospital who agreed to participate in the study. Quantitative data were collected using the Nurse Information Form, the Ethical Attitude Scale for Nursing Care, and the Compassion Fatigue–Short Scale. Qualitative data were collected using a semistructured questionnaire, through individual interviews with 9 volunteer nurses in surgical intensive care units. Results The study revealed that nurses exhibited high levels of ethical attitudes in nursing care along with high levels of compassion fatigue. During the qualitative data analysis, 4 key themes emerged: ethical approaches in surgical intensive care units, professional quality of life in nurses, the reflections of compassion fatigue on ethical behavior, and nurses’ well-being. Conclusions It was concluded that when compassion fatigue increased in nurses in surgical intensive care units, ethical attitudes in nursing care decreased. Therefore, compassion fatigue can be addressed by programs that support nurses’ well-being, such as meditation, deep breathing, self-compassion exercises, and so on. It can be reduced.

Implementation of the course “good chemistry: methodological, ethical and social implications” – a case study

Abstract The article describes the practical implementation of the course titled “Good Chemistry: Methodological, Ethical, and Social Implications” available on the EuChemS e-learning platform. This MOOC course has been used in various ways at several European universities and through blended learning at Jagiellonian University in Krakow (Poland), which is discussed in this article. Since the groups of students participating in the course were not large and it is worth taking a closer look/insight at this issue, the case study method was used. Sample materials and activities for this course are presented. The survey responses of lecturers and students, as well as the activities and posts of Jagiellonian University in Krakow students on the remote learning platform, were analyzed. The strengths and weaknesses of the course were identified, and the need for continuous efforts by lecturers to develop ethical attitudes, critical thinking, and communication skills in students, especially in the field of socioscientific issues, was emphasized.

Primary physical education teachers as ethical and moral agents of the alpha generation students

Ethics is a set of rules and principles in human life, and schools are at the forefront of developing moral education through physical education subjects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of physical education teachers in instilling attitudes of universal values in sports. The method used was descriptive. Data collection was conducted through forum group discussions and the distribution of a questionnaire consisting of 18 questions. The participants in this study were 72 physical education teachers in elementary schools spread across the Malang-raya area. This study produces a description and description of the role of teachers in emphasizing ethical and moral attitudes including, respect for the rules, respect for others, fairplay, self-esteem, honesty, tolerance.

Bodies, care and power in La Permanence

ABSTRACT This article tracks the political and ethical positions taken up by Alice Diop’s documentary La Permanence/On Call (2016) in relation to its subjects, both outpatients and hospital staff. It begins with an analysis of the film’s delineation of on- and off-screen space, and then considers how dynamics of care and power play out across bodies and speech. The article concludes with a discussion of a moment of crisis that precipitates Diop’s sudden appearance in on-screen space. This move disrupts hitherto secure conventions which have demanded a policy of non-intervention on the part of the filmmaker.

Феномен права и дегуманизационные факторы современности

integrity formed over a long period of time under the influence of ethical and humanistic attitudes, as well as political, economic and general cultural processes. In assessing the most important substantive foundations of law, the authors focus on the necessity to analyze the transformational processes of legal norms in relation to the human being. Comparing the ontological, socio-cultural foundations of the phenomena of “law” and “dehumanization”, a number of common and distinctive features are identified. Both of these phenomena have a “meaningful focus” on man and are simultaneously the result of his activity. However, if law is a way of constitutionalizing public relations in order to regulate them, then dehumanization is characterized as an element of destructiveness, destabilization of the world. It is assumed that the topics of law, humanism and dehumanization are relevant, as they are the most important worldview guidelines for both the individual and society as a whole.

A Study on Veterinary Faculty Students' Opinions on Ethics Education and Career Choices: A Case of Ondokuz Mayıs University.

Veterinary ethics is a multifaceted element of the veterinary profession as it deals with various ethical issues related to medical practice, animal welfare, professional behaviour and societal expectations. By focusing on teaching ethics in veterinary medicine education, it will be possible to guide future veterinarians through the ethical dilemmas and conflicts they may encounter in their careers. To evaluate the opinions of the Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine intern students about ethics education in veterinary medicine. Evaluation and comparison of the perspective on ethics education and career choice. A cross-sectional descriptive survey design was used to collect data via a questionnaire. Data obtained from 87 out of 119 students in the intern programme were evaluated. Responses were analysed by statistical methods. In the study, it was determined that pet veterinary services (private sector) and government veterinary services (public sector) were the leading career choices of intern veterinary students; female and male students wanted to turn to different fields of work; and the difference in career preferences did not change the views on ethics education. It was observed that students needed applied teaching and measurement-evaluation methods in ethics education and sought role models in developing ethical attitudes and behaviours. In addition to gaining ethical knowledge in veterinary education, it was observed that they attach importance to professional and legal obligations. This study is one of the few studies on veterinary ethics education and career choice in Turkey. The study results provide information to guide the development of veterinary ethics education to prepare future veterinarians for the complex ethical issues they will face in their careers.

APPROACHES TO DEFINING THE SOCIOECONOMIC PARADIGM AS A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The relevance of the topic is linked to the fact that socialization remains a global trend in economic development. However, in the context of the VUCA and BANI world, the task is not only to recognize changes and adapt to shifting circumstances, but also to make rational decisions, set new goals, and apply new algorithms. In such conditions, the socio-economic paradigm acts as a conceptual model of economic development. It represents a paradigmatic framework for studying socio-economic processes through the application of methodological approaches from disciplines such as economic sociology, economic theory, economic psychology, institutional economics, behavioral economics, and others. Therefore, the task of clarifying its content becomes relevant. The aim of the article is to identify and characterize the conceptual foundations of the socio-economic paradigm and the methodological approaches to its substantiation. The article outlines the content of the socio-economic paradigm as a conceptual model of economic development. It describes its substantive premises, reveals the cause-and-effect relationships between economic and social processes, defines the methodological approaches for studying and comparing socio-economics with other paradigms of economic development, and highlights the need to study the degree of influence of social sciences on the economy and the economy on social processes. It is proven that the economic version of socio-economics assumes that the social sphere, as well as various social processes, not only affect the economy but are also dependent on it, and this dependence requires economic evaluation. Socio-economics represents a scientific field that studies the patterns of modern economic life in the context of moral imperatives and criteria of social justice. The object of socio-economics is defined as economic activity carried out at different territorial and organizational levels, while its subject is economic relations regulated by moral and ethical requirements, attitudes, and prescriptions.

IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS AT WORK

The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in late 2019, caused a global health crisis affecting physical and mental well-being, exacerbating stress and anxiety while disrupting economies and education systems. The crisis led to changes in interpersonal relationships, increased reliance on technology, and highlighted the need for new ethical attitudes in the workplace.

Infectious diseases ethics: a worldwide survey

ObjectivesCOVID-19 unravelled new ethical issues in the neglected field of infectious diseases ethics (IDE). We investigated IDE involvement among infectious diseases professionals. MethodsA global survey was disseminated during 2021–2022. Responses were stratified by demographics, WHO region, income, and ethics training. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to identify two themes representing IDE relevant areas (theme 1, including stigma, inequity, vulnerability, public health, and global impact) and emerging topics (theme 2, including inequity and research integrity in COVID-19, increased ethics interest, and gaps in IDE). Quantile and logistic regression analyses investigated determinants of ethics themes and responders' ethics attitude. ResultsWe included 477 participants from 71 countries. Most were females (282/460, 61%) and clinicians (327/457, 72%). Participants advocated further personal (289/443, 65%) or societies' (374/450, 83%) involvement in bioethics. Only 5% (22/477) of respondents claimed to have received enough bioethics training and 28% (114/412) were dissatisfied with it. Dedicated courses or expert case discussion were the preferred ways for receiving education in bioethics. Theme 1 and 2 median values were above 7 (on a 1–10 scale), showing high interest in IDE. Confirmatory factor analysis showed optimal and acceptable fit, respectively. Being from the region of Americas was associated with theme 1, whereas having received bioethics training was associated with both themes. Females, respondents trained in bioethics, and those from the Americas and Europe regions reported lower involvement in bioethics activities, whereas those aged between 44 and 54 years and trained in bioethics were more involved. Age above 55 years and nonclinical role were negatively associated with aspiration for further bioethics involvement. DiscussionWe identified IDE themes that can inform on gaps in bioethics. Ethics training was associated with interest in IDE and bioethics activities and should be offered to integrate this discipline into daily clinical practice across age, gender, and different areas worldwide.

Philosophical aspects of the ethics of responsibility by Hans Jonas

In the article the philosophical aspects of Hans Jonas' ethics were described and analyzed. The analysis of their logical coherence and consistency in the observed moral imperatives was carried out. The reconstruction of the meaning of the ideological and contextual context was carried out, within the framework of which Jo-nas formulates the main provisions of his ethical theory. As the main application updating the proposed un-derstanding and ethics of the Recommendation, the solution of the technology, or rather its (their) intensive and irreversible growth, is proposed. The irrelevance of imperative ethics was emphasized in the light of the new particularly acute challenges facing modern civilization. The main epistemological and problematic as-pects of Jonas's ethical theory were highlighted, formulated in the form of questions, the search for answers to which constitute the justification of these scenarios. The application of the author 's logic of argumentation and the metaphysical basis of the new ethics in the key of rationalism, as well as the possibility of its applica-tion in the political dimension at the global level of environmental problems was demonstrated. The author's dichotomies were revealed when analyzing the ethical attitude to such categories as “value” and “responsibil-ity”. The substantial novelty of the Jonas concept was presented, taking into account the main provisions of Kant's formal ethics and ontological explanations of technical Heidegger. It was concluded that, unlike many irrational interests in modern philosophy, the ethics of Realization was embedded in the classical tradition of philosophical knowledge, although constructive polemics were associated with it. The question of the ap-plicability of the practical application of the new ethics was raised.

Current status and influencing factors of nurses’ knowledge and attitudes towards clinical research ethical in China: a province-wide cross-sectional survey

BackgroundNurses’ competence in clinical research is a key element in promoting high quality in the discipline of nursing, and the ethical aspects of research are of paramount importance. Therefore, nurses need to have a comprehensive understanding of the ethics associated with clinical research, which is an integral part of safeguarding the safety of subjects, ensuring the quality of nursing clinical research, and improving the ethical standardization of clinical research.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on 304 nurses in a province of China between April 2023 and September 2023, utilizing convenience sampling. The survey questionnaire comprised two sections: a general information form and a questionnaire focusing on nurses’ knowledge and attitudes towards clinical research ethics. Data analysis encompassed descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression.ResultsA total of 320 questionnaires were distributed, of which 304 were valid. The ethical attitude of nurses in clinical research was better (91.17 ± 15.96), while the cognitive score was lower (63.08 ± 12.30). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that degree, grade of hospital (I, II or III), technical title, number of clinical projects chaired in one year and whether the respondent has ever participated in an ethics training were the five factors influencing the knowledge of clinical research ethics (F = 9.341, P < 0.001, R2 = 18.0%); degree, grade of hospital (I, II or III), technical title, number of clinical research projects chaired in one year, whether the hospital has an ethics committee and whether the respondent has ever participated in an ethics training were the six factors affecting ethical attitudes towards clinical research (F = 8.919, P < 0.001, R2 = 17.3%).ConclusionsNurses in a Chinese province scored low on the cognitive dimension of clinical research ethics, but their attitudes were at a relative high level, with many influencing factors. Degree, technical title, and grade of hospital, all affect cognitive and attitude scores. It is also worth noting that whether the hospital has an ethics committee affects the attitude scores, but has no effect on the cognitive scores.Nursing administrators and educators should consider providing effective and targeted strategies (e.g., ongoing training, scholarly seminars, and scholarly exchanges) to enhance nurses’ knowledge and competence in clinical research ethics to protect subject rights as well as to ensure the quality of clinical research.

Competences for socio-ecological stewardship: a qualitative assessment of the transformative potential of farmers’ learning processes in Eastern Uganda

ABSTRACT Purpose: This paper identifies socio-ecological stewardship competences that smallholder farmers in the Manafwa watershed in Eastern Uganda, developed by participating in a project founded on the Participatory Integrated Planning approach. Methodology: A case study approach was applied. Data were collected by interviewing smallholder farmers and PIP trainers; observing farm practices and PIP training sessions; and conducting focus group discussions. Data were analysed thematically, inspired by the environmental competence model of Roczen, to identify socio-ecological stewardship competences. Findings: The study identified socio-ecological stewardship competences comprising different sustainability-related dimensions including: ‘environmental knowledge’ as environmental systems, action-related, effectiveness, social, and ethical knowledge; ‘connection with nature’ as establishing an identity with nature, appreciating the value of nature, social, and ethical attitudes; and ‘ecological behaviour’ as conservation and restoration, social, and ethical actions. Practical implications: Competence dimensions are interconnected thus requiring learning environments that develop them simultaneously. Additionally, social and ethical competences are relevant for supporting stewardship action. Theoretical implications: This study expands Roczen’s environmental competence model by including social, ethical, and conservation and restoration action competences. Originality/value: This study is the first to identify socio-ecological stewardship competences and the learning processes that can foster these competences.

An Examination of Business Ethics Attitudes Through Major Philosophical Categories

An Examination of Business Ethics Attitudes Through Major Philosophical Categories

Faith in Conflict: Examining the Varied Available Chronicles of Churches' Responses to the South African Border War and Their Enduring Legacies

On 26 August 1966, the first skirmish between the South African Defence Force (SADF) and the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO), known as Operation Blue Wildebeest, took place and the hostilities, which had been increasing for some time, were ignited. Thus, the South African Border War, otherwise known as the Namibian War of Independence, which would span the next two decades, began in earnest. This paper examines the conflict from the discipline of Church History in order to illuminate the nuanced development of the relationship between the church in South Africa and the concept of war, as well as the varied responses from different denominations to the conflict as it progressed. As the last conflict, which necessitated an active draft of South African men, the war's immediate effects were felt throughout society and persisted into the future. The churches' responses ranged from staunch support for the government's decision and involvement in the war to vocal opposition, thus reflecting diverse theological perspectives and ethical positions. The article sheds light on how different denominations responded publicly to the war, with the aim to highlight how these discussions were influenced by the circumstances of the time and how they changed in the following years leading up to the close of the war.

Mapping ethical positions concerning a coach’s decision to organise a hypoxic training camp

ABSTRACT On the basis of qualitative literature data, the ethical value of hypoxic training in sports is subject to debate. The objective of the present empirical study was to map various ethical positions with regard to how individuals mentally combined several factors (the hypoxic training’s objective, fairness, planning/monitoring, and method) when judging the acceptability of holding a hypoxic training camp before an event. Two hundred and sixteen participants (including 126 men and 90 women, and 186 athletes and 30 non-athletes) specified their judgement of acceptability in 36 scenarios created by cross-referencing the four factors. A cluster analysis was applied to the whole dataset. Repeated-measures analyses of variance with a 2 × 3 × 3 × 2 factorial design were then applied to each cluster. Lastly, the relationship between the clusters and the participants’ characteristics was assessed in chi-squared tests. The analyses showed four ethical positions: “Moderately acceptable” for 26% of the participants, “Acceptable, depending mainly on monitoring” for 38% of the participants, “Always acceptable” for 20% of the participants, and “Never acceptable unless planned with an expert in hypoxic training and monitored by a physician” for 16% of the participants. Contrary to female participants and non-athletes, male participants and athletes tended to accept the coach’s decision to organise a hypoxic training camp easily. Our study confirmed empirically that hypoxic training does not violate the spirit of sport. Sports stakeholders might refer to our study’s findings to set up a public relations plan that highlights the ethical value of hypoxic training.

Gender Differences in the Perception of Ethics and Civic Moral Disengagement in Medical Doctors

The present study aims to find the gender differences in the perception of doctors while making ethical decisions and their level of civic morality. A simple distinction between ethics and morality would be that ethics are in reference to an external source, they come from the work environment. A comparative research design has been used in this study for which a Purposive sampling strategy was selected. The participants of the study selected were 75 male and 75 female doctors aged 25-40 years, practicing in Jinnah Hospital and Services Hospital, Lahore. Ethics Position Questionnaire (EPQ) and Moral Disengagement Scale (MDS) were utilized to collect the data. To identify the differences among the variables Independent Sample T-test was administered on the collected data. The results of the study revealed that there is no significant difference in the perception of ethics and civic moral disengagement, this brought to the view that gender alone does not influence one’s ethics, pro-social reasoning, and behavior. The findings of this current research state that there are no differences among doctors working in two different locations, among genders, or between ethics and civic moral disengagement. This would be helpful to know because doctors constantly face questions regarding ethics and have to make fast, effective decisions that will affect their patient's life.

The Unique and Important Jewish Responses to Proposition 8 and Marriage Equality

ABSTRACTMarriage equality is a nascent and fragile civil right in the United States. To protect this civil right we must articulate and preserve diverse religious, ethical, and legal positions from the marriage equality debates. Sadly, and incorrectly, both the popular and scholarly narratives of religions' public role and ethics on marriage equality have been told with a Christocentric and “God versus Gay” framing. Here I push the borders of that frame to include the crucially important story of Judaism and the Prop 8 marriage equality debates. Judaism made and still makes vital and unique contributions to the battle for marriage equality: the majority of Jewish congregations and organizations are in favor of marriage equality, as opposed to the majority of Christianities which are against it. Judaism models diversity within the tradition, for example how to be opposed to same‐sex marriage but not expect that it will be illegal. Jewish positions on marriage equality in the public sphere model how the civil rights of marriage equality and religious liberty can coexist and thrive.

The ethical motivation for post-normal science

This paper focuses on the concept of post-normal science, originally proposed by Silvio Funtowicz and Jerome Ravetz, as an advanced method of knowledge generation for policy, and reflects on the ethical motivations for both its theoretical meaning and its practical realisation. In order to put the reflection on the why and how of post-normal science in a broader contemporary and future-oriented context, I will first elaborate on what I call ‘the politics of hypothesis’ and argue that the fundamental challenge for science that aims to advice policy today is not the problem of strategic manipulation of scientific advice by politics, civil society or the market, but rather the problem of dealing with the lack of evidence in situations where politics, civil society or the market ‘need’ that evidence to (urgently) inform, criticise or justify specific actions or practices. Confronted with the need to deal with incomplete and speculative knowledge, in many cases, scientific hypotheses have become the ‘end products’ of science themselves, and society has no other choice than to deal with them in a responsible way. The challenge of science in these cases is therefore not any longer the production of convincing proofs, it is the construction of credible hypotheses. Against this backdrop, a second part will recall how the normative motivation for post-normal science was originally worked out by Funtowicz and Ravetz. I will re-emphasize why and how the argumentation of Funtowicz and Ravetz in favour of the democratisation of science and the opening up of the dialogue to include opinions, beliefs and lay knowledge of ‘non-experts’ is ethical. Consequently, the third part proposes some paths for further ethical reflection with regard to the value and meaning of post-normal science in the ‘post-normal age’. I will briefly elaborate on the concept of transdisciplinarity, the idea of ‘co-creation’ of complexity, the concept of holism and the idea of the unavoidable moral authority of the present generation in intergenerational ethics. The reason is that each of these explorations is at the same time and in its own way an invitation to reflect on who we are as humanity, and on how we can possibly make sense of things for the better. I hope to make clear not only how these concepts and ideas may inspire the ethics of post-normal science, but also that they should become topic of concern in post-normal science dialogues themselves. Finally, in conclusion, I will situate the original ethical motivation for post-normal science in a broader perspective on responsible knowledge generation ‘in face of’ the complexity of complex problems and argue that the overall ethical motivation for postnormal science is to enable an emancipatory and (respectfully) confrontational dialogue and not to come to a full understanding of the complexity of a complex problem or to ‘proof’ specific hypotheses. I will consequently suggest that, responding to the ‘ethical appeal’ of complexity, ‘reflexivity’ with respect to the own position, interests, strategies, hopes, hypotheses, believes and concerns would be the fundamental ethical attitude for anyone concerned. Reflexivity as a ‘quality’ of the science-policy interface does not only require science to reform in order to enable it to generate more reflexive policy advice, but also politics to reform into inclusive and deliberative forms of decision making prepared to become inspired and instructed by that reflexive policy advice. Post-normal science can in that sense be understood as a ‘method’ that can generate reflexivity at the science-policy interface and even as a deliberate political ‘act’ of knowledge generation involving science, political decision makers and civil society.

Exploring the influence of cultural values on green purchasing and its consequence

The principal aim of this research is to elucidate the causal dynamics among cultural values (namely collectivism, long-term orientation, and power distance), ethical attitudes (with a focus on teleological evaluation), and the propensity of consumers to opt for green hotels, all conceptualized within the Value-Attitude-Behavior (VAB) theoretical framework. This study further investigates the moderating role of status consumption on the relationship between power distance and ethical attitudes, as well as the impact of green purchasing behaviors on consumers’ subjective well-being. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze data from 380 Korean respondents. The results confirmed the significance of all six hypothesized relationships: the three cultural values significantly impact teleological evaluations, status consumption has a significant moderating effect between power distance and teleological evaluation, and teleological evaluations significantly influence green purchase behavior, which in turn enhances consumers’ subjective well-being. These findings advance theoretical discussions and provide practical insights for the tourism and hospitality industry.

BEHIND THE COMPUTER SCREEN: PERSPECTIVES ON INFORMATION ETHICS AMONG MUSIC EDUCATION STUDENTS

This study aims to understand the views and attitudes of students in the Music Education department at Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Faculty of Education regarding informatics ethics. This research was conducted using a general survey model quantitative research design. The universe of the study comprised students in the Music Education department at Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Faculty of Education. The selected sample, consisting of 73 students who volunteered to participate during the 2023-2024 Academic Year, was used for data collection. An information form created by the researchers and the "Real-Life Situation Scenarios with Informatics Ethics" (RLSSIE) Scale were employed in the data collection process. Overall, the students were found to have moderate views and attitudes toward information ethics. Demographic factors such as gender, age, and class level were observed to have a significant impact on ethical evaluations. Additionally, evaluations based on different scenarios revealed that participants were generally sensitive to ethical values. The influence of factors like residence and income perception on ethical views and attitudes was limited. Notably, participants who connected to the internet via mobile phones had higher ethical views and attitude scores compared to those using computers and tablets. However, the study observed that internet usage quotas did not have a significant impact on general ethical attitudes. The findings indicate that information ethics topics play a crucial role in overall ethical evaluations and suggest that individuals have a broad perspective.