Ethical Behavioral Intentions Research Articles

Sustainable Preparation Behavior for Kitchen Staff in Order to Limit Food Waste.

The concepts of culinary sustainability and avoiding the waste of surplus food have become important sustainability trends today. How the handling of surplus food can be integrated into the catering industry is a topic of concern in the industry. Kitchen staff are the vital soul of any restaurant, and we intend to discuss how kitchen staff actually behave and explore factors that influence their behaviors in order to develop an implementation model for food waste prevention. Therefore, this study explored a model of ethical sustainability, professional competence, self-efficacy, sustainable food preparation objectives, and sustainable food promotion and behavior focused on limiting food waste, using structural equation modeling (SEM) to understand the relationship between various constructs. This study used a questionnaire and surveyed employees who had been employed for more than 6 months in Taiwan. From May to August 2022, 500 questionnaires were distributed; 415 valid questionnaires were retrieved, yielding a 90.2% recovery rate. According to the structural equation modeling analysis between the dimensions, ethical sustainability should have a positive influence on professional competence in food waste prevention and self-efficacy. Professional competence in food waste prevention affected self-efficacy and behavioral intentions during food preparation; self-efficacy also significantly affected behavioral intentions towards sustainable food preparation. Similarly, behavioral intention had a positive influence on promoting sustainable behaviors. There is a significant relationship between all constructs in this study. Professional competence in food waste prevention was found to be the mediating factor between ethical sustainability and behavioral intentions toward sustainable food preparation, and self-efficacy was the mediating factor between professional competence in food waste prevention and behavioral intentions toward sustainable food preparation.

Factors Influencing Ethical Behavioral Intention among Takaful Agents

Despite the fact that contemporary insurance contracts are simple to read, this does not imply that they are simple to comprehend. Most people rely on trust when purchasing insurance. They trust the insurance agent to recommend and obtain appropriate coverage. Takaful agents act as consumers' representatives in managing their takaful plan participation procedures, while also providing consumers with transparent and clear information about takaful plans. This study is mainly focused on identifying the factors influencing ethical behavioral intention among takaful agents. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on ethical behavioral intention among insurance agents by adopting the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A total of 100 questionnaires were collected from 100 Takaful agents from the Family agency and General Agency. To evaluate the raw data, the paper used the non-probability sampling technique and analyzed it by conducting reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results of this study indicated that there was a significant relationship between attitude and subjective norms toward ethical behavioral intention as the predictors. Hence, these findings assist the practitioners, particularly takaful providers in strategizing their efforts in terms of training aspects for their respective takaful agents.

Examining religiosity to determine student ethical behavior intention

<span lang="EN-US">Religiosity remains a black box in educational research; only a few studies conducted regarding religiosity. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine some variables on students’ religiosity. This article attempts to determine the influence of attitude, injunctive norm, moral norm, and perceived behavioral control on student's ethical behavioral intention through religiosity. There were 273 education students from several higher education in Indonesia participated in this study. Questionnaire was used to collect data, while path analysis was used to analyze the data. The results found that injunctive norm, perceived behavioral control, and religiosity directly affected the intention of ethical behavioral. Besides, there was no direct effect between attitude and moral norms and the intention of ethical behavioral. Then, religiosity competent to become the intervening variable of attitude, injunctive norm, moral norm, perceived behavioral control on ethical behavioral intention. The paper can explain the black box that found attitude of a student was influenced by their religiosity or faith and belief. Other than attitude and moral norms, the stronger the religiosity could help students to create a good behavior.</span>

THE MODERATING ROLE OF RELIGIOSITY ON ETHICAL BEHAVIORAL INTENTION: PLANNED BEHAVIORAL THEORY APPROACH

The study aims to examine the influence of perceived behavioral control on ethical behavioral intention and examine the moderating role of religiosity on the relationship between perceived behavioral control and ethical behavioral intention. This is quantitative research by adding discussing explanations. Data were obtained from 110 questionnaires distributed to auditors in public accounting firms located in Surabaya. The statistical analysis used is Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the study indicate that perceived behavioral control positively affects the ethical behavioral intention of auditors. Moreover, the results of the study show that religiosity has an influence on ethical behavioral intention, but it does not moderate the auditor’s perception of behavioral control.

Establishing the Influences of Cardinal Virtues on Employees’ Cyber Security Ethical Behavior in the Banking Sector in Uganda

Purpose: Cyber security threats emanating from employees’ incorrect behavior have escalated in the banking sector. Yet formal policies and technical solutions have failed to solve the problem. Virtue ethics may be a method that can handle this concern. This research aimed at enhancing Cyber security by confirming through statistical analysis the applicability of cardinal virtues related to cyber security ethical behavior.
 Methodology: The quantitative survey method utilizing an online questionnaire was used. Confirmatory factor analysis determined causal patterns in the variables and assessed them for validity and reliability. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was then used to test casual relations between the study’s constructs. 
 Findings: The results reveal that there is a positive but an insignificant effect of prudence Beta 0.094. p = 0.277 on cyber security ethical behavioral Intentions; there is a positive and significant influence of Temperance; Beta 0.255, p = .000; a positive and significant influence of courage; Beta 0.247, p = .001; on cyber security ethical behavior, that there is a positive and significant influence of Justice; Beta 0.452, p = .000; on cyber security ethical behavioral Intentions. The results further showed that a positive change in ethical behavior intentions leads to a positive change in cyber security ethical behavior.
 Unique contribution to theory and practice: This research makes a theoretical contribution to Cyber security ethics by promoting virtue ethics as a framework for moral investigations into Cyber security. Results can be utilized to improve methods, instruments, and tools to assess the employees’ cyber security ethical behavior. Policy makers can develop virtue ethical based training programs with dedicated, continuous learning and teaching undertakings geared towards monitoring and enhancing the overall ethical behavior towards cyber security in the banks. The results are a platform to the Government of Uganda through the Ministry of ICT in generating appropriate national policies related to Cyber security ethics as a strategy aimed at improving Cyber security in the banking sector.

To or not to adopt P2P accommodation: The traveler’s ethical decision-making

The objective of this study is to examine travelers’ intention to participate in peer-to-peer accommodation from an ethical perspective. An ethical decision-making model was proposed, based on Hunt–Vitell theory of ethics, moral identity theory, and Schwartz theory of human values, to examine the mechanism through which travelers’ personal values and moral identity (internationalization and symbolization) influence their ethical judgments and behavioral intentions toward peer-to-peer accommodation. Data was collected from 515 travelers who had participated in peer-to-peer accommodation within the last 12 months. The structural equation modeling results reveal that personal values affect moral identity dimensions, which in turn, positively influence ethical judgments and behavioral intentions. Moral intensity also moderates the effect of moral identity internalization on ethical judgments. The results provide valuable insights for managers to promote the adoption of peer-to-peer accommodation as a responsible travel behavior. • Social-focused values positively influence moral identity internalization. • Social-focused values positively influence moral identity symbolization. • Self-enhancement negatively influences moral identity symbolization. • Moral identity internalization and symbolization positively influence ethical judgments. • Moral intensity moderates the effect of moral identity internalization on ethical judgments.

A Deeper Look at Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: An Integrative Ethical Decision-Making Framework to Explain Moral Pluralism.

The autonomous vehicle (AV) is one of the first commercialized AI-embedded robots to make autonomous decisions. Despite technological advancements, unavoidable AV accidents that result in life-and-death consequences cannot be completely eliminated. The emerging social concern of how an AV should make ethical decisions during unavoidable accidents is referred to as the moral dilemma of AV, which has promoted heated discussions among various stakeholders. However, there are research gaps in explainable AV ethical decision-making processes that predict how AVs’ moral behaviors are made that are acceptable from the AV users’ perspectives. This study addresses the key question: What factors affect ethical behavioral intentions in the AV moral dilemma? To answer this question, this study draws theories from multidisciplinary research fields to propose the “Integrative ethical decision-making framework for the AV moral dilemma.” The framework includes four interdependent ethical decision-making stages: AV moral dilemma issue framing, intuitive moral reasoning, rational moral reasoning, and ethical behavioral intention making. Further, the framework includes variables (e.g., perceived moral intensity, individual factors, and personal moral philosophies) that influence the ethical decision-making process. For instance, the framework explains that AV users from Eastern cultures will tend to endorse a situationist ethics position (high idealism and high relativism), which views that ethical decisions are relative to context, compared to AV users from Western cultures. This proposition is derived from the link between individual factors and personal moral philosophy. Moreover, the framework proposes a dual-process theory, which explains that both intuitive and rational moral reasoning are integral processes of ethical decision-making during the AV moral dilemma. Further, this framework describes that ethical behavioral intentions that lead to decisions in the AV moral dilemma are not fixed, but are based on how an individual perceives the seriousness of the situation, which is shaped by their personal moral philosophy. This framework provides a step-by-step explanation of how pluralistic ethical decision-making occurs, reducing the abstractness of AV moral reasoning processes.

The effects of belief in pure good and belief in pure evil on consumer ethics

Even if businesses try to be ethical, they can succeed only if there are ethically-minded consumers. Three studies using college (N = 199) and nationwide (Ns = 345 and 327) convenience samples examined the effects of belief in pure evil (BPE) and belief in pure good (BPG) on consumer ethics attitudes and behavior, after controlling for demographic variables and various moral attitude scales. Across S1 and S2, BPG uniquely predicted greater endorsement of more prosocial consumer actions (e.g., eco-friendly/green behaviors) and greater admonition of more questionable, passive, and active forms of consumer misconduct. BPE, surprisingly, did not consistently predict (or even consistently correlate bivariately with) consumer ethics attitudes. However, in S3, BPE uniquely predicted greater likeability/intentions to buy a product with a poor (vs. excellent) environmental rating regardless of price; meanwhile, BPG uniquely predicted lower likeability/intentions to buy the environmentally unfriendly product and greater likeability/intentions to buy the environmentally friendly product. Parallel findings were found for intentions to watch YouTube videos that explained how to do ethical (vs. unethical) consumer behaviors. In sum, BPG—but not BPE—appears to most consistently relate to both perceptions of ethical consumer behavior and behavioral intentions to act ethically in the marketplace.

Speech assignments and plagiarism in first year public speaking classes: an investigation of students’ moral attributes in relation to their behavioral intention

ABSTRACT To better understand the development of ethical communicators, this study applies the framework of Jones’ ethical decision-making model to explore how students in a first-year public speaking class deal with an issue related to plagiarism during a speech assignment. A modified model with five components was developed. An ethical scenario was presented to student participants (n = 383) in multiple sections of a first year general education public speaking course. Moral intensity was found to have a direct impact on three other components of the model: recognition of an ethical issue, making an ethical judgment, and ethical behavioral intentions. Course content and policy related to plagiarism affected students’ ethical behavioral intentions. The interrelationships among these five components are discussed.

Encourage stakeholder engagement in sustainable development: Drivers of consumers themselves benefits and society welfares

AbstractSustainable development is viewed as a global goal to solve social, and encouraging stakeholders to become concerned about ecological conservation and to make efforts in engaging in sustainable activities is vital. Though the motivation behind consumer willingness to support the activities of social enterprises should be examined, the literature offers only limited work from the consumer perspective. This study thus integrates relationship marketing theory and an ethical decision‐making model to explore consumers' ethical judgments and behavioral intentions toward sustainability activities. The results show that the impact of perceived value influenced by social and economic benefits on consumers' ethical judgment and behavioral intentions toward sustainability activities is more powerful than that of altruism and environmental value. When consumers' judgments are positive and ethical, their ethical consumption involving sustainability activities and loyalty intentions toward social enterprise will improve. These findings identify research gaps for future research and offer important implications for businesses.

Islamic Law and National Cultures Impact on Modern Funeral Services Buying Ethical Perception and Behavioral Intention

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of Islamic law and national cultures on the ethical perceptions and behavioral intentions of Muslim Indonesians in buying modern funeral services. A questionnaire was distributed among Muslim respondents who were doing their routine weekly Friday prayers in Sunda Kelapa, one of biggest mosques in Central Jakarta. Based on a total sample of 103 responses, structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. This research used the theory of reasoned action proposed by Ajzen to analyze behavioral intentions. Since the behavioral intentions were influenced by the ethical perceptions, the Hofstede national culture was deemed to play a significant role. The data analysis further suggested that the behavioral intentions in buying modern funeral services were strongly influenced by Islamic law (MUI Fatwa), Indonesia culture dimensions, and the ethical perceptions among Muslim Indonesians. Both Islamic law and Indonesian national culture (as a collectivist country) play a significant role in creating ethical perceptions and influence Muslim behavioral intentions in regard to buying modern funeral services.

The effects of length of service and ethical ideologies on moral development and behavioral intentions

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of length of service and ethical ideologies on cognitive moral development (CMD) and ethical behavioral intentions among public sector tax auditors in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachThe research data were collected via survey questionnaires from a sample of 625 auditors who work for the Brazilian tax authority. Participants voluntarily complete an online instrument which included three scenarios with context-specific moral dilemmas, questions about the specific scenarios and an ethics position questionnaire. Multinomial logistic and ordinary least squares regressions were used to analyze the data.FindingsThe findings reveal that public sector tax auditors with shorter length of service are more likely to be at higher stages of moral development; relativistic ideology among public sector auditors is positively associated with more lenient ethical behavioral intention; idealistic ideology among public sector auditors is positively associated with stricter ethical behavioral intention; public sector auditors classified as absolutists are stricter in their ethical behavioral intentions; and public sector auditors classified as absolutists with length of service between 5 and 15 years are more likely to be at higher stages of moral development when compared to public sector tax auditors with longer length of service.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study is one of the first studies that attempt to understand the effects of length of service and ethical ideology on CMD and ethical behavioral intention among public sector auditors. Additionally, it examines these issues in the context of Latin America.

The Effects of Length of Service and Ethical Ideologies on Moral Development and Behavioral Intentions: A Study Among Brazilian Public Sector Tax Auditors

Purpose- This research examines the effects of length of service and ethical ideologies on cognitive moral development and ethical behavioral intentions among public sector tax auditors in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach- Our research data was collected via survey questionnaires from a sample of 625 auditors who work for the Brazilian tax authority. Participants voluntarily complete an on-line instrument which included three scenarios with context-specific moral dilemmas, questions about the specific scenarios, and an ethics position questionnaire. Multinomial logistic and ordinary least square regressions were used to analyze the data. Findings- Our findings reveal that a) public sector tax auditors with shorter length of service are more likely to be at higher stages of moral development, b) relativistic ideology among public sector auditors is positively associated with more lenient ethical behavioral intention, c) idealistic ideology among public sector auditors is positively associated with stricter ethical behavioral intention, d) public sector auditors classified as absolutists are stricter in their ethical behavioral intentions, e) public sector auditors classified as absolutists with length of service between 5 to 15 years are more likely to be at higher stages of moral development when compared to public sector tax auditors with longer length of service. Originality/value- To the best of our knowledge, our study is one of the first studies that attempts to understand the effects of length of service and ethical ideology on cognitive moral development and ethical behavioral intention among public sector auditors. Additionally, it examines these issues in the context Latin America.

“I Believe”, “I Think”, then “I Will”? Investigating the Mediator Role of Ethical Judgment between internet ethical self-efficacy and ethical behavioral intention

Internet ethics is an issue that has garnered the attention of civic education. Integrating the foundation of social cognitive theory with the perspectives of the ethical decision making (EDM) model, we investigated whether a mediation effect is present between high school student's internet self-efficacy (IESE), internet ethical judgment (IEJ), and internet ethical behavioral intention (IEBI) under two scenarios: piracy and internet plagiarism. Using high school students in the Taiwan region as our research subjects, a total of 331 valid samples were collected. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to verify the hypothesis. The results of the study show that IEJ has an indirect-only mediation effect between IESE and IEBE in the piracy scenario, but a complementary mediator effect in the internet plagiarism scenario. In other words, IEJ exerts different mediation effects under different internet ethical scenarios. These results provide social cognitive theory a new insight on individual ethical judgment in different contexts. The present study provides important theoretical and practical implications for internet ethics education.

Ethical Behavioral Intention in an Academic Setting: Models and Predictors

This study examines the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the multidimensional ethics scale (MES). Variables from both are included to determine which ones significantly correlate with student ethical behavioral intention in an academic setting. Using a survey, responses are collected from undergraduate business students from two southwestern universities in the United States using a scenario-based approach, looking at individual situations and group situations. SmartPLS was used to assess the results for four scenarios. From the theory of planned behavior, attitude was a significant predictor of behavioral intention across all four scenarios while subjective norm was significant in one scenario. From the multidimensional ethics scale, moral equity and relativism were significant in one group scenario while moral equity and utilitarianism were each significant in an individual scenario. The findings indicate support for the use of the TPB and the MES when exploring ethics in an academic setting and for the need to study both individual and group situations. A discussion of the findings and implications is given.

Presenting a casual model for ethical behavioral intention of information technology among students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Background and Aim: The ethical issue of the usage of Information Technology (IT) seems to be growing as rapidly as the technology development. The aim of this study is presenting a casual model for ethical behavioral intention of information technology among medical Students. Methods: This study is a Cross -Sectional study. The study sample consisted of the students studying at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The sample (234 persons) was selected through accidental stratified method, using Table krejcie and Morgan. The data was collected through a questionnaire that made based on standard questionnaires. Content validity was approved by experts and reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, path analysis and LISREL statistical software were used. Ethical Considerations: By providing the research objectives and process, emphasizing on confidentiality, participants' oral consent to participate and colaborate in research was obtained. Findings: Three variables of computer ethical self-efficacy, perceived risk and subjective norm had a direct effect on ethical behavioral intention; computer ethical self-efficacy had the greatest direct effect (r=0.38) and also computer ethical self-efficacy and subjective norm on ethical behavioral intention through the attitude to ethical use and ethical behavior control had an indirect effect. Conclusion: to fulfiment advantages of the information technology without negative effects of experienced unethical behaveiors in academic environments, we must focus on improving the ethical self-efficacy and strengthing of the ethical motivation among students to use of information technology, and preventive social and technical actions. Please cite this article as: Seif MH. Presenting a casual model for ethical behavioral intention of information technology among students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Med Ethics J 2016; 10(35): 177-198.

The relationship between the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and violations of business ethics in China: Unbalanced time perspective increases the acceptance of unethical business behavior

Scope of researchIn a sample of 316 Chinese MBA students, the influence of Time Perspective on two types of unethical behaviors was tested. We differentiated between rule-based and social-concern issues. Time Perspective was measured by using a Chinese version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Participants’ evaluation of the issues as ethical—or unethical—and their behavioral intention to violate business ethics were measured.HypothesesWe assumed that Past-Positive and Future will enhance ethical orientation, whereas Past-Negative, Present-Fatalistic and deviance from balanced time perspective (DBTP) will reduce ethical orientation (evaluation of unethical practices as ethical and high behavioral intention to apply unethical practices).ResultsFor evaluation of rule-based issues, Past-Positive, Present-Hedonistic and Future significantly influenced in the predicted direction, whereas no significant effects of time perspectives for social concern issues were observed. According to behavioral intention, only Present-Fatalistic reached significance for both types of ethical issues in the predicted direction. Further, it was shown in a mediation-model that the influence of DBTP on behavioral intention to show unethical practices is mediated by the evaluation as ethical/unethical in the case of rule-based issues (in the case of social concern, the factors reached no significance or only nearby significances, respectively). Chinese managers with a high deviation from a balanced time perspective showed reduced evaluation of unethical practices as unethical, and an enhanced behavioral intention to show unethical practices. Other potential variables of influence, such as age, gender, the size of company, and the degree of globalization were considered, and their influences were controlled.Conclusions and limitationsTime perspectives are of relevance for business ethics, but the relationship was only shown for rule-based issues. In the case of social concern, the relationship was only shown for Present-Fatalistic on behavioral intention.

Knights of the Road: Safety, Ethics, and the Professional Truck Driver

Accidents involving large trucks result in significant economic and social costs. As technological solutions have improved, behavioral factors contributing to accidents have risen in importance. The purpose of this research is to investigate how norms, consequences, and personal attitudes influence safety-related ethical judgments and behavioral intentions. The Hunt–Vitell’s theory of ethical decision-making is adapted to test how these factors influence truck drivers’ decisions containing ethical content. Professional truck drivers evaluated decisions presented in two scenarios that included the situation, the decision, and the results. The research found that drivers rely heavily on evaluations of safety norms (and not reward/punishment outcomes) when forming ethical judgments and behavioral intentions. Further, drivers’ attitudes toward compliance and the effectiveness of safety regulations also influenced decision-making to an extent. Overall, evidence of a refutation of the assumption that a tradeoff exists between operational productivity and safety was discovered. Drivers in this study intended to behave in a certain manner irrespective of time or money pressures. The perceived ethical component of the decision outweighed regulatory and economic consequences under a range of parameters.

인터넷 영역에서의 윤리적 의사결정에 대한 국가문화의 영향 : 탐색적 분석

본 연구는 인터넷 영역에서 개인의 윤리적 의사결정에 대한 국가문화의 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 다섯 개의 도덕철학 변수들인 정의주의, 상대주의, 이기주의, 공리주의, 그리고 의무론이 개인의 윤리적 판단에 영향을 미치며, 이 윤리적 판단은 행위의도에 영향을 미친다는 윤리적 의사결정 모형이 제시되었고, 이 윤리적 의사결정 모형에 대하여 홉스테드의 다섯 가지의 국가문화 차원들인 권력격차, 개인주의, 남성성, 불확실성 회피, 그리고 장기 지향성의 영향을 분석하였다. 연구결과 인터넷 영역에서 권력격차, 개인주의, 그리고 남성성은 의무론과 윤리적 판단 간의 관계에 영향이 있었으며, 개인주의, 남성성, 그리고 불확실성 회피는 정의주의와 윤리적 판단 간의 관계에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 개인주의와 장기 지향성은 윤리적 판단과 행동의도 간의 관계에 유의한 영향이 있는 것을 보여 주었다. This paper analyzes the effects of national culture on an individual's ethical decision-making in the context of the Internet. An ethical decision-making model which posits that five moral philosophy variables-justice, relativism, egoism, utilitarianism, and deontology-affect ethical judgment; ethical judgment, in turn, affects behavioral intention was proposed and Hofstede's five cultural dimensions of power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation were used to analyze the effects of national culture on the model. The results showed that power distance, individualism, and masculinity had significant effects on the relationship between the deontology variable and ethical judgment, individualism, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance had significant effects on the relationship between the justice variable and ethical judgment, and individualism and long-term orientation had significant effects on the relationship between ethical judgment and behavioral intention in the Internet context.

Personal values and ethical fashion consumption

Purpose– The role of personal values in consumer behavior is well documented; however, in the context of fashion consumption, the role of personal values’ influence on consumers’ ethical behavior has not been studied. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to seek to explore whether consumers’ personal values predict consumers’ behavioral intentions to engage in ethical fashion consumption.Design/methodology/approach– The present study employed the Fritzsche model, which states that an individual's personal values are related to his/her intentions to engage in ethical behavior. The present study examined the causal relationship between the personal values and behavioral intentions to engage in ethical fashion consumption. Data collected from the US national sample were subjected to structural equation modeling.Findings– The proposed model explained 42 percent of variance in consumer's behavioral intentions toward ethical fashion consumption. Furthermore, a significant negative relationship between self-enhancement personal values and behavioral intention toward ethical fashion consumption was found. Several theoretical and practical implications related to the present study were discussed.Originality/value– To the authors’ knowledge, the study is first of its kind in several aspects: first, ethical fashion consumption has been conceptualized in the broadest definition possible, as oppose to focussing on a particular facet of fashion consumption (e.g. organic products or counterfeit fashion); second, linking consumer personal values as a predictor of his/her ethical fashion consumption behavioral intentions; and third, employing the Fritzsche model in fashion behavior context.