Ethanol In Blood Samples Research Articles

A novel validated gas chromatography flame ionization detector method for measuring methanol and ethanol in blood samples using a solvent partitioning extraction technique

A novel validated gas chromatography flame ionization detector method for measuring methanol and ethanol in blood samples using a solvent partitioning extraction technique

Determination of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in blood samples using partial least squares discriminant analysis applied to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Consumption of alcohol and problems related to alcohol vary widely around the world. Especially illegally produced and distributed alcohols have a great risk for human health, since they include high quantity of toxic substances. Ethanol measurements have high specificity for excessive alcohol intake. Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) is considered as a direct biomarker of recent ethanol consumption.The study aims to identify EtG in blood samples by using Raman Spectroscopy. Silver colloidal nanoparticles were synthesized to obtain SERS (Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy) spectra of blood samples and EtG. PLS-DA (Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis) models were built on the collected SERS spectra. It is observed that EtG and the blood samples taken from people using alcohol are in the same group and the blood samples taken from no alcohol users are in a separate cluster from EtG. The sources of data variability are modelled by the so-called Latent Variables (LVs). The percentage of LVs were found to be 29.53% and 8.34%, respectively.In the study, it has been observed that the level of EtG changes according to the level of ethanol in blood samples. However, there is no study on the detection of EtG in blood with Raman spectroscopy. Outcomes of the present study encourage the feasibility of the application of Raman Spectroscopy for determination of EtG in blood samples.

Determination of Ethanol in Blood Samples Using Partial Least Square Regression Applied to Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Alcohol consumption triggers toxic effect to organs and tissues in the human body. The risks are essentially thought to be related to ethanol content in alcoholic beverages. The identification of ethanol in blood samples requires rapid, minimal sample handling, and non-destructive analysis, such as Raman Spectroscopy. This study aims to apply Raman Spectroscopy for identification of ethanol in blood samples. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized to obtain Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) spectra of blood samples. The SERS spectra were used for Partial Least Square (PLS) for determining ethanol quantitatively. To apply PLS method, 920~820 cm−1 band interval was chosen and the spectral changes of the observed concentrations statistically associated with each other. The blood samples were examined according to this model and the quantity of ethanol was determined as that: first a calibration method was established. A strong relationship was observed between known concentration values and the values obtained by PLS method (R2 = 1). Second instead of then, quantities of ethanol in 40 blood samples were predicted according to the calibration method. Quantitative analysis of the ethanol in the blood was done by analyzing the data obtained by Raman spectroscopy and the PLS method.

FORENSIC MEDICAL EVALUATION OF TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ETHANOL AMONG CHILDREN

This article contains brief literature review of Russian and foreign literature dedicated to problem of toxicological effects of ethanol among children, statistical data and autopsy results of children with ethanol in blood samples, results of forensic chemical and chemical-toxicological investigation of biological fluids samples from children and teenagers from 0 to 17 in Bureau of Forensic Medicine of Moscow Region during the period from 2003 to 2017.

Demographics of suicide victims in Sweden in relation to their blood–alcohol concentration and the circumstances and manner of death

Specimens of blood and other body fluids were obtained at autopsy from all deaths in Sweden classified as suicide covering a 10-year period ( N = 11,441 cases). The mean age (±standard deviation, SD) of the victims was 51.3 ± 18.8 years with a clear predominance of males 71% (mean age 51.3 ± 18.8 years) compared with 29% females (mean age 51.4 ± 18.9 years). The concentration of ethanol in blood samples was determined in duplicate by headspace gas chromatography and a mean blood–alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 g/L (10 mg/100 mL) was the cut-off used to identify ethanol positive cases. The suicides were coded (ICD-9) as self-poisonings ( N = 2462, 22%), hanging ( N = 4474, 39%), asphyxia by gas ( N = 509, 4.4%), drowning ( N = 803, 7.0%), gun shot ( N = 1307, 11.4%), fall from height ( N = 632, 5.5%), self-inflicted cuts or sharp-force injury ( N = 363, 3.1%) and miscellaneous ways ( N = 891, 7.8%). On average 34% of all suicide victims in Sweden had consumed alcohol before death, 36% of the males and 31% of the females had a positive BAC. The mean (median) concentration of alcohol in femoral blood for men was 1.34 g/L (1.3 g/L) compared with 1.25 g/L (1.1 g/L) for women. Many victims were heavily intoxicated and the 90th percentiles of the BAC distributions ranged from 2.3 to 2.8 g/L depending on manner of death. Elevated blood–alcohol was most prevalent in poisoning deaths (45%) and gas asphyxia (51%) and least prevalent in falls from height (19%) and sharp-force injury (18%). Toxicological analysis for presence of drugs other than alcohol showed a predominance of paracetamol, SSRI antidepressants, anti-psychotics, sedative-hypnotics, and centrally acting opioids. A host of psycho-social factors drive a person to commit suicide and one of the catalysts is over-consumption of alcohol and acute alcohol intoxication. Heavy drinking leads to a loss of inhibitions, impulsive behaviour, poor judgment and a tendency to take risks, all of which might increase the propensity of predisposed individuals to take their own lives.

Direct sampling of slurries for the gas chromatographic analysis of volatile compounds

An apparatus has been constructed which can be used for introducing slurries directly into a gas chromatograph in order to determine their volatile constituents. The dry matter of the sample is removed from the apparatus after each determination. The sample-introducing system developed can be used up to a temperature of 230° and a pressure of 6 kg/cm 2, without causing any change in the chromatographic parameters. The system has favourable operation properties, such as easy maintenance and control. The apparatus has been successfully used for more thann a year for the serial determination of ethanol in blood samples by gas chromatography.

Letter: Ethanol oxidation by human erythrocytes.

ANALYTICAL studies, recently reported on the stability of ethanol in stored human blood, unexpectedly showed that human erythrocytes could oxidize ethanol to acetaldehyde1. The mechanism2,3 was linked with the oxyhaemoglobin-methaemoglobin redox system4. I consider here the implications of blood ethanol oxidation in two relevant areas, namely, the stabilization of ethanol in blood samples taken from motorists who fail a breath test and also the possibility of ethanol metabolism by erythrocytes in vivo.

Development of ethanol in blood samples and human organs during forensic chemical practice.

Development of ethanol in blood samples and human organs during forensic chemical practice.