Estimated Production Cost Research Articles

Evaluating the contributions and economic costs for Walleye fry and fingerling stocking in a large midwestern reservoir

Stocking is a common management practice to maintain Walleye populations where natural recruitment is low or to introduce and sustain Walleye populations outside of their native range. Walleye can be stocked at multiple lengths (e.g., fry and fingerling) and different sizes of stocked Walleye may contribute differently to Walleye year class strength, depending on the system into which they are stocked. The cost associated with stocking also varies by product. Therefore, it is important to determine the contributions from different stocked products within a region or for an individual waterbody. The objectives of our research were to 1) compare the relative contribution of and total length and body condition at the time of capture at age-0 between stocked Walleye fry and fingerlings and naturally produced individuals; and 2) estimate and compare the economic costs of Walleye fry and fingerling production relative to their contribution to the age-0 catch in Lake McConaughy during 2022 and 2023.We collected 178 and 263 age-0 Walleyes from Lake McConaughy during the summer and fall of 2022 and 2023, respectively. Fingerling-stocked Walleye contributed 2.12 times in 2022 and 2.92 times more in 2023 than fry-stocked Walleye. Production cost estimates revealed that fry cost 1.08 and 1.35 times greater than fingerlings per stocking unit in 2022 and 2023, thus fingerlings were deemed the most cost-effective product in this study. Walleye stocked as fry were significantly longer at the time of collection in 2022 and were in significantly better condition in both years compared to fingerling stocked Walleye. Our results provide valuable insights for fisheries managers by offering a case study example as well as offering a practical approach to guide effective management decisions on which stocked product is most appropriate for other systems. Overall, this research enhances the existing literature on Walleye stocking in large reservoir systems, offering practical and useful information for effective management decisions.

Ergot alkaloid control in biotechnological processes and pharmaceuticals (a mini review).

The control of ergot alkaloids in biotechnological processes is important in the context of obtaining new strain producers and studying the mechanisms of the biosynthesis, accumulation and secretion of alkaloids and the manufacturing of alkaloids. In pharmaceuticals, it is important to analyze the purity of raw materials, especially those capable of racemization, quality control of dosage forms and bulk drugs, stability during storage, etc. This review describes the methods used for qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of ergot alkaloids in tablets and pharmaceutic forms, liquid cultural media and mycelia from submerged cultures of ergot and other organisms producing ergoalkaloid, sclerotias of industrial Claviceps spp. parasitic strains. We reviewed analytical approaches for the determination of ergopeptines (including their dihydro- and bromine derivatives) and semisynthetic ergot-derived medicines such as cabergoline, necergoline and pergolide, including precursors for their synthesis. Over the last few decades, strategies and approaches for the analysis of ergoalkaloids for medical use have changed, but the general principles and objectives have remained the same as before. These changes are related to the development of new genetically improved strains producing ergoalkaloids and the development of technologies for the online control of biotechnological processes and pharmaceutical manufacturing ("process analytical technologies," PAT). Overall, the industry is moving toward "smart manufacturing." The development of approaches to production cost estimation and product quality management, manufacturing management, increasing profitability and reducing the negative impact on personnel and the environment are integral components of sustainable development. Analytical approaches for the analysis of ergot alkaloids in pharmaceutical raw materials should have high enough specificity for the separation of dihydro derivatives, enantiomers and R-S epimers of alkaloids, but low values of the quantitative detection limit are less frequently needed. In terms of methodology, detection methods based on mass spectrometry have become more developed and widespread, but NMR analysis remains in demand because of its high accuracy and specificity. Both rapid methods and liquid chromatography remain in demand in routine practice, with rapid analysis evolving toward higher accuracy owing to improved analytical performance and new equipment. New composite electrochemical sensors (including disposable sensors) have demonstrated potential for real-time process control.

Redesigning automated market power mitigation in electricity markets

Electricity markets are prone to the abuse of market power. Several U.S. markets employ algorithms to monitor and mitigate market power abuse in real-time. The performance of automated mitigation procedures is contingent on precise estimates of firms' marginal production costs. Currently, marginal cost is inferred from the past offers of a plant. We present new estimation approaches and compare them to the currently applied benchmark method. We test the performance of all approaches on auction data from the Iberian power market. The results show that our novel approaches outperform the benchmark approach significantly, reducing the mean (median) absolute estimation error from 11.53 (6.08) €/MWh in the benchmark to 4.03 (2.64) €/MWh for our preferred approach. This approach also performs best in our subsequent simulation of mitigation procedures. Here we find large welfare transfers from supplier to buyer surplus as well as a robust overall welfare gain, stemming from both productive and allocative efficiency gains. Our research contributes to accurate monitoring of market power and improved automated mitigation. Although we focus on power markets, our findings are applicable to monitoring of renewable energy tenders or market power surveillance in rail and air traffic.

Risks in the design of regional hydrogen hub systems: A review and commentary.

Early investments in regional hydrogen systems carry two distinct types of risk: (1) economic risk that projects will not be financially viable, resulting in stranded capital, and (2) environmental risk that projects will not deliver deep reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and through leaks, perhaps even contribute to climate change. This article systematically reviews the literature and performs analysis to describe both types of risk in the context of recent efforts in the United States and worldwide to support the development of "hydrogen hubs" or regional systems of hydrogen production and use. We review estimates of hydrogen production costs and projections of how future costs are likely to change over time for different production routes, environmental impacts related to hydrogen and methane leaks, and the availability and effectiveness of carbon capture and sequestration. Finally, we consider system-wide risks associated with evolving regional industrial structures, including job displacement and underinvestment in shared components, such as refueling. We conclude by suggesting a set of design principles that should be applied in developing early hydrogen hubs if they are to be a successful step toward creating a decarbonized energy system.

A Comprehensive Review on Biomethane Production from Biogas Separation and its Techno-Economic Assessments.

Biogas offers significant benefits as a renewable energy source, contributing to decarbonization, waste management, and economic development. This comprehensive review examines the historical, technological, economic, and global aspects of biomethane production, focusing on the key players such as China, the European Union, and North America, and associated opportunities and challenges as well as future prospects from an Australia perspective. The review begins with an introduction to biogas, detailing its composition, feedstock sources, historical development, and anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Subsequently, it delves into major biomethane production technologies, including physicochemical absorption, high-pressure water scrubbing (HPWS), amine scrubbing (AS), pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane permeation/separation (MP), and other technologies including organic solvent scrubbing and cryogenic separation. The study also discusses general guidelines of techno-economic assessments (TEAs) regarding biomethane production, outlining the methodologies, inventory analysis, environmental life cycle assessment (LCA), and estimated production costs. Challenges and opportunities of biogas utilization in Australia are explored, highlighting and referencing global projections, polarization in production approaches, circularity in waste management, and specific considerations for Australia. The review concludes discussing future perspectives for biomethane, emphasizing the importance of technological advancements, policy support, and investment in realizing its full potential for sustainable energy and waste management solutions.

Recovery of Lithium from Industrial Li-Containing Wastewater Using Fluidized-Bed Homogeneous Granulation Technology

In this study, a novel fluidized-bed homogeneous granulation (FBHo-G) process was developed to recover lithium (Li) from industrial Li-impacted wastewater. Five important operational variables (i.e., temperatures, pH, [P]0/[Li]0 molar ratios, surface loadings, and up-flow velocities (Umf)) were selected to optimize the Li recovery (TR%) and granulation ratio (GR%) efficiencies of the process. The optimal operational conditions were determined as the following: a temperature of 75 °C, pH of 11.5, [P]0/[Li]0 of 0.5, surface loading of 2.5 kg/m2·h, and Umf of 35.7 m/h). The TR% and GR% at optimal condition could be as much as 90%. The material characterization of the recovery pellet products showed that they were highly crystallized Li3PO4 (purity ~88.2%). The pellets had a round shape and smooth surface with an average size of 0.65 mm, so could easily be stored and transported. The high purity enables them to be further directly reused as raw materials for a wide range of industrial applications (e.g., in the synthesis of cathode materials). Our calculation shows that the FBHo-G process could recover up to 0.1845 kg of lithium per cubic meter of Li-containing wastewater, at a recovery rate of ~90%. A brief technoeconomic analysis shows that FBHG process had economic viability, with an estimate production cost of USD 26/kg Li removed, while the potential gained profit for selling lithium phosphate pellets could be up to USD 48 per the same volume of wastewater and the net profit up to USD 22/m3 Li treated. In all, fluidized-bed homogeneous granulation, a seedless one-step recovery process, opens a promising pathway toward a green and sustainable recycling industry for the recovery and application of the resource-limited lithium element from nonconventional water sources.

ABC model for cost estimation of custom implants by Additive Manufacturing.

Computer-aided design (CAD) models can now be directly converted into products and structures. One technique to realize such approach is through Additive Manufacturing (AM). AM is relatively new manufacturing technology in which products are manufactured by layering various materials like rubber, metal, ceramic, composites, and polymers. However, the use of this technology requires consideration of its associated cost to ensure its competitiveness. In this paper, a simplified mathematical cost model is suggested. The model considers the main components of costs. The model formula utilizes expenses related to the pre-processing, main processing, and the post-processing operations. To validate the model, it is tested to estimate the cost of medical implants manufacturing using AM technique. In many cases, medical implants require unique or dedicated design for each patient. Hence cost estimation will help to assess and estimate the required financial resources for such operations. A case study is provided in this paper to estimate the manufacturing cost of a finger's phalanges bone, with metal implant using AM technique. The developed model may be described as Activity Based Costing (ABC). The model is introduced to estimate the cost of parts produced using AM technique. Although the model is developed to suit custom implant manufacturing using AM technique, its use may also be adapted to suit the manufacturing of many other parts and products. The developed model is aiming to achieve several tasks namely assigning cost drivers to each activity, estimating the cost of individual actions, allocating overhead expenses, calculating the overall production cost, and establishing an acceptable selling price. It assists companies in computing the cost of custom implants for customers, enhancing the accuracy of production cost estimates, and ultimately boosting profitability.

Estimating growout production costs of commercial‐scale marine finfish production in southern tier US states

AbstractIncreased interest in marine fish farming in the United States has led to a need for fundamental economic information on production of candidate species for commercialization in various production systems. Funding for the project targeted those species with potential for production in southern tier states in the United States. Sufficient technical data were found to develop comprehensive budget analyses to estimate growout production costs for four scales of production for each of 10 species with potential for production in ponds, 13 in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), and five in net pens. The choice of species/production system scenarios was based on evidence of successful production on farms or in research. Estimation of production costs with enterprise budgets can provide useful guidance to identify the types of improved efficiencies that have the greatest effect on economic viability even when commercial farm data are not available. Commercial farm data were used where available, but for most species, data were available only from studies conducted under research conditions. Per‐kg costs of production were lowest for net pen production, followed by ponds, with production costs in RAS two to five times greater than in ponds or net pens. Ponds and net pens generally exhibited greater efficiency of use of capital assets across species than did RAS that resulted in lower percentages of fixed costs and lower annual costs per kg of fish produced. All five species evaluated for net pen production were estimated to be profitable, including redfish, Sciaenops ocellatus (also known as red drum), striped bass, Morone saxatilis, cobia, Rachycentron canadum, red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, and seriolids (generic budget for almaco jack, Seriola rivoliana, California yellowtail, Seriola lalandi, and greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili), four in ponds (redfish, hybrid drum, ♀Pogonias cromis × ♂Sciaenops ocellatus, black sea bass, Centropristis striata, and cobia), but none of the RAS scenarios showed profitability at average yields (kg/cubic meter) reported in the literature. Comprehensive data on growout production of marine finfish species in the United States is generally lacking, and there is a strong need for production trials conducted under near‐commercial conditions with an endpoint of market‐sized fish. Production trials should be conducted in ponds (≥0.1 ha), net pens, and RAS tanks of a size that simulate commercial production conditions. Adequate production trial databases would provide opportunities to develop economic optimization models that would provide useful guidance for prospective producers. Average yields (kg/cubic meter) in RAS will need to be much greater than currently reported in the research literature for RAS production to be economically sustainable. Net pen production appears to be profitable in the United States, but effective permitting procedures are not in place. Providing research support for the US redfish sector that has developed effective production and marketing models could serve as a foundation for developing additional species and offer opportunities for diversification on marine finfish farms.

Quantitative Analysis of Green H2 Production Costs: A Comparison between Domestic Developed and Imported Electrolyzers

This study aims to present a quantitative cost analysis of hydrogen utilizing a developed alkaline electrolyzer, a similar-capacity imported alkaline electrolyzer, and a similar-capacity PEM electrolyzer.The research also finds the key parameters that can reduce or increase the production cost. One of the subjected electrolyzers is a locally developed Alkaline Electrolyzer (AE); the other two are similar-capacity imported AE and Polymer Electrolytic Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers. The study uses the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software for estimating the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) and the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) method for hydrogen production cost estimation. Results show that the imported electrolyzers have higher production costs due to import duty, fees, and taxes. The estimated cost is 88.4% (AE) and 110.3% (PEM), higher than the locally developed electrolyzer. The economic changes also significantly impact production costs. Government policies can reduce the cost by rescheduling the hydrogen components taxes.

Design of product configuration systems supporting customised product cost estimation using object-oriented ontology framework

The manufacturing sector is undergoing a significant transformation driven by the demand for personalised products, challenging manufacturers to provide precise quotations while maintaining cost control and profitability. Product Configuration Systems (PCS) play a pivotal role in supporting product configurations, facing challenges such as data integration, cost calculation relevance, and the need for a knowledge expression framework. This study significantly contributes by delineating an object-oriented ontology framework tailored for configurable product families within PCS. It incorporates comprehensive domain information models for MBOM, inventory, purchase, manufacturing, and sales and distribution. Additionally, the study proposes a domain information model-based cost estimation, integrating actual values from existing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems for various cost aspects. Design patterns for transforming domain information models into system implementations are introduced, covering both data and business operation layers. Practical application and feasibility are demonstrated through a detailed case study, emphasising the method's practicality. The proposed approach empowers manufacturers to derive accurate product cost estimates, supporting well-informed business decisions. Future research directions involve refining product model configurations, expanding support for diverse product types, and integrating additional digital technologies for an enhanced user experience. Further exploration of labour, equipment, and engineering design expenses aims to enhance cost estimation accuracy.

Assessing phosphorus recovery from anaerobic digestion effluent of tapioca starch processing in a pilot – scale fluidized – bed homogeneous crystallizer: Effects of operation modes

This present study aimed to investigate the effects of two crystallization operation modes, batchwise operation (BO) and continuous operation (CO), on P recovery efficiency and characteristics of precipitates in a pilot – scale fluidized – bed homogenous crystallizer, using real anaerobic digestion (AD) effluent derived from tapioca starch processing as influent. Characterization techniques, including SEM – EDX, powder XRD, profile – matching, FT – IR, and crystal size distribution (CSD) analysis, were employed to identify phase compositions. Additionally, the purity and %P content of the target product were quantified using principles of hierarchical equilibrium thermodynamics and elemental analysis. As a result, the highest P recovery efficiency was 72.5 % for BO and 83.2 % for CO at a pH of 9 and a mixing rate of 400 rpm. Phase identification results revealed that struvite formed with Ca – rich solids, such as hydroxyapatite (HAP), notably exhibited higher impurity levels originating from CO modes. Precipitates from BO modes predominantly held 65 – 75 % struvite, with %P content ranging from 7.4 to 13.1 % — surpassing that of single superphosphate fertilizer (SSP, 18 – 22 % as P2O5), resulting in a suitable process in this study. Moreover, results obtained from the cost – benefit analysis (CBA) highlighted that BO scenario had economic viability (NP +0.05 to +1.53) with an estimate production cost of 3.47 USD/kg Premoved. Hence, the findings not only indicated that real AD effluent is suitable for P recovery, yielding high – quality struvite products, but also contribute to understanding the nuanced impact of crystallization modes on recovery yields and characteristics. This insight is invaluable for optimizing the process, leading to environmental benefits through reduced P and nitrogen discharge.

A Scalable Robust Microporous Al-MOF for Post-Combustion Carbon Capture.

Herein, a robust microporous aluminum tetracarboxylate framework, MIL-120(Al)-AP, (MIL, AP: Institute Lavoisier and Ambient Pressure synthesis, respectively) is reported, which exhibits high CO2 uptake (1.9mmol g-1 at 0.1bar, 298 K). In situ Synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements together with Monte Carlo simulations reveal that this structure offers a favorable CO2 capture configuration with the pores being decorated with a high density of µ2-OH groups and accessible aromatic rings. Meanwhile, based on calculations and experimental evidence, moderate host-guest interactions Qst (CO2) value of MIL-120(Al)-AP (-40kJ mol-1) is deduced, suggesting a relatively low energy penalty for full regeneration. Moreover, an environmentally friendly ambient pressure green route, relying on inexpensive raw materials, is developed to prepare MIL-120(Al)-AP at the kilogram scale with a high yield while the Metal- Organic Framework (MOF)is further shaped with inorganic binders as millimeter-sized mechanically stable beads. First evidences of its efficient CO2/N2 separation ability are validated by breakthrough experiments while operando IR experiments indicate a kinetically favorable CO2 adsorption over water. Finally, a techno-economic analysis gives an estimated production cost of ≈ 13 $ kg-1, significantly lower than for other benchmark MOFs. These advancements make MIL-120(Al)-AP an excellent candidate as an adsorbent for industrial-scale CO2 capture processes.

ANALISA KERUSAKAN POMPA OLI TEMPERATURE CONTROL UNIT PADA MESIN LONGITUDINAL STRECHER DITINJAU DARI KERUGIAN BIAYA PRODUKSI DI PT. POLIDAYAGUNA PERKASA UNGARAN

A pump is a machine that functions to move fluids by converting mechanical energy into fluid energy and pressure, transporting fluids through a piping system. Head, flow, efficiency, performance and performance are the main concerns for centrifugal pumps, these aspects can be used as benchmarks in choosing the type of pump that suits your needs. Damage to the TCU oil pump is caused by bearing damage due to lack of lubrication, shaft wear, damage to the couple and rubber couple, leaks in pipes and valves, leaks in the and pump mechanical seal. Various designs and configurations of centrifugal pumps have been carried out, both experimentally and in simulations with various configurations and variations. In short, this research will examine damage to the oil pump temperature control unit on longitudinal stretcher machines in terms of production cost losses at PT. POLYDAYAGUNA PERKASA Ungaran with a mathematical analysis approach. The research results show that the estimated loss in production costs due to damage to the TCU oil pump with within 6 months is IDR. 600,000,000,- and Rp. 120,000,000,- for pumps with mechanical seals. Estimated production cost losses for oil pumps with mechanical seals are highly recommended for use on longitudinal stretching machines because they are more efficient, but there must be further development.

Analisis Harga Pokok Produksi Dengan Metode Full Costing Terhadap Penetapan Harga Jual Pada Pabrik Kerupuk Malarat Di Kabupaten Karawang

With the increasing growth conditions of food companies, it is important for companies to set appropriate prices to be able to compete with other companies. Therefore, the calculation of product prices must be done correctly and precisely to get maximum profit. Likewise by the malarat cracker factory in Karawang, which currently still uses estimates in determining the cost of goods produced. This study aims to attain an understanding of comprehensive production cost computation through the implementation of the full costing method. The data employed in this research emanates from corporate information acquired through data collection processes and document analysis. The employed method of data analysis is characterized as quantitative-descriptive. The outcomes of the study reveal the existence of disparities in the production cost estimates formulated by the company through the utilization of the full costing method. This circumstance arises due to the company's calculations failing to encompass the entirety of cost factors utilized within the company's operations. Keywords: Cost of goods produced, full costing method.

Estimating the Incidence and Economic Cost of Lyme Disease Cases in Canada in the 21st Century with Projected Climate Change.

Lyme disease (LD) is emerging in Canada owing to the range expansion of the tick vector Ixodes scapularis (I. scapularis). Our objective was to estimate future LD incidence in Canada, and economic costs, for the 21st century with projected climate change. Future regions of climatic suitability for I. scapularis were projected from temperature output of the North American Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment regional climate model ensemble using greenhouse gas Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. Once regions became climatically suitable for ticks, an algorithm derived from tick and LD case surveillance data projected subsequent increasing LD incidence. Three scenarios (optimistic, intermediate, and pessimistic) for maximum incidence at endemicity were selected based on LD surveillance, and underreporting estimates, from the United States. Health care and productivity cost estimates of LD cases were obtained from the literature. Projected annual LD cases for Canada ranged from 120,000 to by 2050. Variation in incidence was mostly due to the maximum incidence at endemicity selected, with minor contributions from variations among climate models and RCPs. Projected annual costs were substantial, ranging from to a year by 2050. There was little difference in projected incidence and economic cost between RCPs, and from 2050 to 2100, because projected climate up to 2050 is similar for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 (mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions captured in RCP4.5 does not impact climate before the 2050s) and by 2050 the most densely populated areas of the study region are projected to be climatically suitable for ticks. Future incidence and economic costs of LD in Canada are likely to be substantial, but uncertainties remain. Because densely populated areas of Canada are projected to become endemic under conservative climate change scenarios, mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is unlikely to provide substantial health co-benefits for LD. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13759.

IIoT Low-Cost ZigBee-Based WSN Implementation for Enhanced Production Efficiency in a Solar Protection Curtains Manufacturing Workshop.

Nowadays, the Industry 4.0 concept and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are considered essential for the implementation of automated manufacturing processes across various industrial settings. In this regard, wireless sensor networks (WSN) are crucial due to their inherent mobility, easy deployment and maintenance, scalability, and low power consumption, among other benefits. In this context, the presented paper proposes an optimized and low-cost WSN based on ZigBee communication technology for the monitoring of a real manufacturing facility. The company designs and manufactures solar protection curtains and aims to integrate the deployed WSN into the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in order to optimize their production processes and enhance production efficiency and cost estimation capabilities. To achieve this, radio propagation measurements and 3D ray launching simulations were conducted to characterize the wireless channel behavior and facilitate the development of an optimized WSN system that can operate in the complex industrial environment presented and validated through on-site wireless channel measurements, as well as interference analysis. Then, a low-cost WSN was implemented and deployed to acquire real-time data from different machinery and workstations, which will be integrated into the ERP system. Multiple data streams have been collected and processed from the shop floor of the factory by means of the prototype wireless nodes implemented. This integration will enable the company to optimize its production processes, fabricate products more efficiently, and enhance its cost estimation capabilities. Moreover, the proposed system provides a scalable platform, enabling the integration of new sensors as well as information processing capabilities.

Analisis Biaya Produksi Berbasis Pendekatan Variable Costing pada UMKM Catering Dapur Mutiara

The purpose of this research is to analyze how to estimate production costs at the Dapur Mutiara Catering business in October 2023 using a variable costing approach. Cost analysis with the variable costing method is a calculation of production costs that only includes variable cost elements. The method used in the research is a qualitative method with a case study approach. Through cost analysis and preparation of income statements, the study concludes that the sales value of Dapur Mutiara in October 2023 was Rp 20,332,000 with total variable costs to produce the products is Rp 15,113,000, thus in that period the contribution margin value was Rp 5,219,000 with a contribution profit ratio on sales reaching 25.67%. Meanwhile, the total fixed costs reached Rp 500,000, resulting in a net profit value of Rp 4,719,000. Thus, the profit target of 35% targeted by the business owner has not been achieved because the percentage value of net profit on sales is only 23.21%, this happens because the production costs are too high and the selling price is set too low

Analisis Metode Job Order Costing Untuk Menentukan Harga Jual Ecoprint Dalam Perspektif Bisnis Syariah

The uniqueness of ecoprint fabric in batik, serving as an iconic symbol of the Indonesian nation. The intricate and distinctive production process leads to varying selling prices. However, a challenge lies in the inaccurate estimation of production costs and product selling prices. This prompts the need for studies on determining product prices in line with Sharia principles from a Sharia business perspective. The research problem formulation includes determining production costs using the job order costing method for Jati Aji ecoprint batik products, selecting a method for determining ecoprint batik selling prices, and establishing selling prices from a Sharia business perspective. The research employs a qualitative method, utilizing field observation, interviews, and literature study for data collection. The results reveal that Jati Aji batik hasn't implemented the job order costing method, prompting the researcher to provide calculation recommendations. Pricing methods involve demand-based, cost-based, profit-based, and competition-based pricing. Determining the selling price of ecoprint products aligns with the thoughts of Muslim leaders, emphasizing fair and reasonable prices based on demand and supply.

Pemberdayaan ibu rumah tangga di Kelurahan Kalibaru, Cilincing Jakarta Utara melalui kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat UTA’45 Jakarta

The processing of small fish into fish sauce is an innovative process in the sustainable utilization of fisheries resources. Groundfish, which is generally considered as waste fish -as it does not have high economic value, can be transformed into value-added products such as fish sauce. This study aims to explore and develop the production process of fish sauce from low-cost fish, as well as to analyse the economic potential of this low-cost fish. The research method involves the stages of selecting suitable low-cost fish, processing the fish into soy sauce raw materials, and making fish sauce through fermentation. The economic analysis involved estimating production costs, selling prices, and potential profits. The Kalibaru Subdistrict, Cilincing, North Jakarta has great potential in the development of the fisheries sector. To improve the sustainability of fisheries in this area, innovation is key. One of the potentials from the Kalibaru Subdistrict is groundfish. The processing of raw fish into fish sauce allows for a more efficient and sustainable utilization of fishery resources. The fermentation process not only increases the nutritional value of fish sauce but also provides economic sustainability for local communities. In addition, involving housewives provides a positive impact on local economic empowerment and increases awareness of the value-added potential of fishery products.

Eco-Friendly Approaches against Chili Thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a crucially economically viable vegetable and spice crop cultivated worldwide. Numerous issues impact chili production, both vertebrate and non-vertebrate, leading to significant reductions in both quantity and quality. The chili thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis, poses a serious threat to chili, causing approximately 50-70% yield loss in every season. In Pakistan, farmers frequently resort to using synthetic pesticides to control the pest population. Unfortunately, the injudicious use of pesticides results in environmental, soil, and water pollution, leading to hazards for humans, animals, and wildlife. This study employed a combination of eco-friendly tactics to suppress the thrips population. The lowest thrips population was observed in plots where maize was planted as a barrier for chili, followed by marigold cultivated as a trap. Maize exhibited a remarkable disruptive effect against the thrips population, acting as a barrier to restrict their entrance into the main crop. The combined release of the biocontrol agents Chrysoperla carnea and Coccinella septempunctata proved to be more effective against the thrips population than plots with a single bio-control agent. Among the natural remedies, neem seed kernel powder was the most effective in reducing the thrips population, followed by neem leaves extract and neem oil. Notably, neem oil showed the lowest reduction percentage of thrips compared to neem seed kernel powder and neem leaves extract. The cost/benefit ratio of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) plots compared to conventional plots revealed that the IPM plot had a lower estimated production cost (Rs. 19,277) and yielded 547 kg more than the conventional plot. Similarly, a higher cost/benefit ratio (3:13) was recorded in the IPM plot than in the conventional plot (1:36). IPM, through eco-friendly measures, proves to be an efficient approach to suppress S. dorsalis in chili crop.