Estimation Of Annual Effective Dose Research Articles

Measurement of gross alpha radioactivity levels and estimation of annual effective dose in hazelnut kernels

Abstract The present study investigates gross alpha (GA) radioactivity levels in hazelnut kernels purchased from markets in Türkiye. 10 different hazelnut samples were crushed and made ready for counting. The alpha counts were obtained via ELSEC 7286 low level alpha counter with ZnS scintillator and EMI 6097B photomultiplier tube. The samples were placed in front of the detector to acquire the counts. All samples were counted isochronously. In addition to the GA activity measurement, total annual effective dose (AED) value for different age groups owing to ingestion was calculated for each sample. It was observed that the GA radioactivity levels in the samples were quite low, and total AED values were considerably lower than the WHO worldwide average AED value (290 μSv/year).

Simultaneous indoor radon/thoron and in situ outdoor gamma dose measurements and estimation of annual effective dose in a tin mining area of Jos Plateau, Nigeria.

Radon, a radioactive gas can increase the risk of lung cancer when breathe in. Indoor Rn-222 and Rn-220 concentrations were determined using passive radon monitor in some dwellings in a Sn mining area of Jos Plateau. Outdoor gamma radiation was also measured with a hand-held survey meter. The range of Rn-222 and Rn-220 concentrations was from 7-53Bq m-3 to 41-267Bq m-3 with averages of 27±17 and 92±65Bq m-3, respectively. The mean total effective dose due to Rn-222+Rn-220 was estimated as 2.84±1.57mSv y-1. Rn-220 contributed between 50 and 95% to the total annual effective dose. There was no correlation between indoor Rn-220 and Rn-222 concentrations in the dwellings. Outdoor gamma radiation measured was between 0.31±0.06 and 0.62±0.08μSv h-1, and mean annual effective dose calculated was 1.14±0.21mSv y-1. It is concluded from this study that thoron should not be neglected in dose assessment.

Estimation of Annual Effective Dose due to Radon Concentration in Water Samples of Moga District of Northern Punjab, India

Estimation of Annual Effective Dose due to Radon Concentration in Water Samples of Moga District of Northern Punjab, India

Estimation of Annual Effective Dose due to Intake of Radionuclides from Total Diet of Lebanese Population

Estimation of Annual Effective Dose due to Intake of Radionuclides from Total Diet of Lebanese Population

Estimation of Annual Effective Dose in Namie Town, Fukushima Prefecture due to Inhalation of Radon and Thoron Progeny

Estimation of Annual Effective Dose in Namie Town, Fukushima Prefecture due to Inhalation of Radon and Thoron Progeny

Radionuclide concentrations and Estimation of the Corresponding Annual Effective Dose due to gamma radioactivity in Powdered Milk in Babylon governments

Natural radionuclides in ten of the most available types of milk powder among various brand names that collected from local markets in Babylon government have been analyzed by means of a gamma –ray spectrometry NaI(TI) and estimated of the annual effective dose intake of the radionuclides. The concentration of226 Ra, 232Th and 40K have been found to vary from (57.2645±1.853031) Bqkg−1 to(0.299814±0.1340 ) Bqkg−1 with an average value of (20.67518±0.134077) Bqkg−1,from (36.7284±1.422407 ) Bqkg−1 to (0.37037±0.066679) Bqkg−1 with an average value of.( 12.41975±0.65718 ) Bqkg−1and from (481.521±5.65807) Bqkg−1 to (268.0537 ± 0.299814) with average value (377.5035±4.460395) Bqkg−1 respectively,the result showed that the concentration of radionuclides exceeded the result reported in the world wide. The dose due consumption of milk by public has also been determined and has been below the dose limit recommended by world health organization.

Estimation of Annual Effective Dose Due to Radon Emitted from Soil Samples in Southern of Iraq Using Lexan SSNTDs

Estimation of Annual Effective Dose Due to Radon Emitted from Soil Samples in Southern of Iraq Using Lexan SSNTDs

Estimation of annual effective dose due to ingestion of radioactive elements in Sri Lankan common meal plans.

Dietary ingestion of radionuclides by human may lead to many hazardous effects such as cancers. No studies have been conducted to estimate the levels of radioactivity dosage received from Sri Lankan homemade foods. In order to find out the levels of radionuclides in Sri Lankan cooked foods, meal plans (n = 11) that are most commonly consumed were analyzed for the activity concentrations of the radioisotopes 226Ra, 210Pb, 232Th, 137Cs, and 40K by means of gamma spectroscopy. 40K had the highest activity concentration present in the meal plans with a range of 80.56 ± 17.53 to 143.41 ± 24.6Bqkg-1, and the radionuclides 226Ra, 210Pb, 137Cs, and 232Th were not detected in any of the analyzed meal plans. The annual intake of food was determined on the basis of their average annual consumption. The effective dose to an average adult who consumes the meal plans ranged from 0.030 to 0.051mSvyear-1. However, the effective dose and activity concentrations of radionuclides were lower than the guideline limit specified by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation-1 and other countries. Hence, the consumption of cooked meal plans in Sri Lanka is safe in terms of radioactivity for the five radionuclides investigated in this study.

Estimation of Annual Effective Dose Due to Ingestion and Inhalation of Radon in Groundwater from Kaduna, Nigeria

Estimation of Annual Effective Dose Due to Ingestion and Inhalation of Radon in Groundwater from Kaduna, Nigeria

Estimation of annual effective dose due to natural radioactivity in ingestion of vegetables from Cameron Highlands, Malaysia

Abstract In the present study, the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the selected vegetables collected from different locations of Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia were determined using high purity germanium detector (HPGe). The average activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in vegetable samples were found as 6.05 ± 1.57, 4.91 ± 1.4 and 91.0 ± 14.74 Bq kg − 1 (dry weight), respectively. The activity results indicated that the highest activity concentrations of these radionuclides were measured in root vegetables as 9.42, 7.57 and 112.23 Bq kg − 1 , respectively. The annual effective dose due to intake of these radionuclides through ingestion of vegetable samples was estimated to assess radiological risks. The average annual effective dose was found as 213.27 μ Sv y − 1 . The annual effective dose was found to be within the recommended values (250–400) μ Sv y − 1 as given by WHO.

Estimation of annual effective dose due to external and internal exposure in the residents of coastal villages of Kanya Kumari district, Tamil Nadu, India

In this paper, annual effective radiation dose received by the residents of coastal villages of Kanya Kumari district of Tamil Nadu, India, is estimated. External exposure and the internal exposure are added to get the annual effective dose. External dose is calculated using TLD and the internal dose is calculated via inhalation and ingestion. Inhalation dose is calculated using SSNTD a passive measuring technique and the ingestion dose is calculated through the intake of water and the food (meals) by the public. For the present study ten coastal villages are selected and all the selected villages come under the natural high background radiation area. Among the study villages the annual effective dose varies from 3.7 mSv to 9.8 mSv.

Estimation of annual effective dose due to external and internal exposure in the residents of coastal villages of Kanya Kumari district, Tamil Nadu, India

In this paper, annual effective radiation dose received by the residents of coastal villages of Kanya Kumari district of Tamil Nadu, India, is estimated. External exposure and the internal exposure are added to get the annual effective dose. External dose is calculated using TLD and the internal dose is calculated via inhalation and ingestion. Inhalation dose is calculated using SSNTD a passive measuring technique and the ingestion dose is calculated through the intake of water and the food (meals) by the public. For the present study ten coastal villages are selected and all the selected villages come under the natural high background radiation area. Among the study villages the annual effective dose varies from 3.7 mSv to 9.8 mSv.

Estimation of annual effective dose from ingestion of 40K and 137Cs in foods frequently consumed in Korea

The activity concentrations of natural (40K) and anthropogenic (137Cs) radionuclides were measured in the 30 most commonly consumed foods in Korea. The average activity-concentrations of 40K and 137Cs were 67 Bq kg−1 and 46 mBq kg−1 fresh weight of food, respectively. The total annual intakes of 40K and 137Cs by humans were 14915 and 3.64 Bq year−1, respectively. The calculated mean annual effective doses from ingestion of the investigated foodstuffs were 92 µSv for 40K and 0.047 µSv for 137Cs. Our results can provide useful background information on radiation protection in Korea, and in other countries as well.

Estimation of annual effective dose from radon concentration along Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) in Garhwal Himalaya

Indoor radon and thoron concentration plays a vital role in the total effective dose in the indoor environments. In the present study, the measurement of indoor radon, soil gas radon concentration and the drinking water radon concentration was carried out in Rajpur area of Dehradun valley located near by the geological fault line named Main Boundary Thrust (MBT). The measurement was carried out using RAD-7, a solid state detector with its special accessory. The indoor radon concentration varies from 35 to 150 Bqm−3 with an average value of 85 Bqm−3. The soil-gas radon concentration varies from 2 to 12.3 kBqm−3 with an average value of 6.5 kBqm−3. Radon concentration in water samples varies from 1.7 to 57.7 kBqm−3 with an average value of 20 kBqm−3. These results are helpful for estimation of annual effective dose, ingestion dose and inhalation doses. The annual effective dose varies from 0.88 to 3.78 mSvy−1 with an average value of 2.13 mSvy−1. The annual ingestion dose due to drinking water was found to vary from 0.36 to 7.91 mSvy−1 with an average value of 3.92 mSvy−1. The annual inhalation dose was found to vary from 0.0042 to 0.1454 mSvy−1 with an average of 0.0504 mSvy−1.

Estimation of EEC, unattached fraction and equilibrium factor for the assessment of radiological dose using pin-hole cup dosimeters and deposition based progeny sensors

High concentration of radon (222Rn), thoron (220Rn) and their decay products in environment may increase the risk of radiological exposure to the mankind. The 222Rn, 220Rn concentration and their separate attached and unattached progeny concentration in units of EEC have been measured in the dwellings of Muktsar and Mansa districts of Punjab (India), using Pin-hole cup dosimeters and deposition based progeny sensors (DTPS/DRPS). The indoor 222Rn and 220Rn concentration was found to vary from 21 Bqm−3 to 94 Bqm−3 and 17 Bqm−3 to 125 Bqm−3. The average EEC (attached + unattached) of 222Rn and 220Rn was 25 Bqm−3 and 1.8 Bqm−3. The equilibrium factor for 222Rn and 220Rn in studied area was 0.47 ± 0.13 and 0.05 ± 0.03. The equilibrium factor and unattached fraction of 222Rn and 220Rn has been calculated separately. Dose conversion factors (DCFs) of different models have been calculated from unattached fraction for the estimation of annual effective dose in the studied area. From the experimental data a correlation relationship has been observed between unattached fraction (fpRn) and equilibrium factor (FRn). The present work also aims to evaluate an accurate expression among available expression in literature for the estimation of fpRn.

Estimation of annual effective dose due to radon and thoron concentrations in mud dwellings of Mrima Hill, Kenya.

This study presents radon and thoron concentration measurements and the corresponding effective dose rates in mud dwellings located in the high background radiation area of Mrima Hill, Kenya. Discriminative technique was used for simultaneous measurement of radon and thoron. The effective dose was evaluated based on the concentration of the isotopes and the time spent indoors. Radon concentration ranged from 16 to 56 Bq m(-3) with an average of 35±14 Bq m(-3) and a corresponding annual effective dose of 0.67 mSv y(-1), while that of thoron ranged from 132 to 1295 Bq m(-3) with an average of 652±397 Bq m(-3) and an effective dose of 13.7 mSv y(-1).

Estimation of Annual Effective Dose Due to Ingestion of Natural Radionuclides in Cattle in Tin Mining Areas of Jos Plateau, Nigeria: Are Large Mammals Really Affected?

We have read with great interest the paper which was published in Natural Science, 2014 issue number 6 titled “Estimation of annual effective dose due to ingestion of natural radionuclides in cattle in tin mining area of Jos Plateau, Nigeria” [1]. The paper motivated us to use state-of-the-art computational technique to investigate the risks of the tin mining activity in Jos-Plateau, Nigeria on large mammals (e.g. cattle). The Tier 2 Erica Tool assessment was used to estimate the total dose rate and risk quotients of these reference terrestrial animals. Our investigation revealed that the expected and conservative risk quotients of large mammals due to internal and external exposure to enhanced level of radioactivity are 0.05 and 0.16, respectively. Since the risk quotients are less than unity, this indicates that there is less than 5% probability that the screen dose rate (10 μGy•h–1) is exceeded. The estimated total dose rate to large mammals is 0.52 μGy•h–1 which is not statistically significant. A critical analysis of [1] is presented in the introductory part of this paper.

Estimation of Annual Effective Dose Due to Ingestion of Natural Radionuclides in Cattle in Tin Mining Area of Jos Plateau, Nigeria

Contamination of land could occur during the extraction and handling of materials containing high levels of naturally occurring radionuclide materials. These radionuclides find their ways into the food chain. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides 40K, 226Ra, and 232Th in heart, liver, kidney, lungs, spleen and beef of cattle slaughtered and consumed in a tin mining area of Jos Plateau, Nigeria were determined by gamma ray spectroscopy method. The activity concentration of 40K is the highest in all the samples. The annual effective dose to man through the ingestion of the radionuclides in the organs was estimated. The mean annual effective doses calculated are 35.35 ± 13.84, 57.89 ± 38.27 and 46.93 ± 10.28 μSv?y?1 for heart, liver and kidney, respectively. Those of lungs, spleen and meat are 28.44 ± 15.70, 48.34 ± 28.85 and 41.24 ± 3.56 μSv?y?1, respectively. These are of the order of two magnitudes higher than those obtained for food in Abeokuta, Nigeria.

Estimation of annual effective dose from indoor radon/thoron concentrations and measurement of radon concentrations in soil

Radon short-lived decay products generated from the earth is one of the serious indoor air and soil pollutants. The RAD-7 Electronic Radon Detector with a special accessory is used for the purpose of measurement. The radon and thoron concentrations in the houses of the study area are found to vary from 35±0.5 to 315.2±5.35 Bq m(-3) and 66.1±2.3 to 1710±139.36 Bq m(-3) with the average values of 98.65±1.9 and 388.19±11 Bq m(-3), respectively. From indoor air, the total annual effective dose is calculated and it varies from 0.88 to 7.94 mSv y(-1). The preliminary investigation shows that the thoron concentration is higher than the radon concentration in the houses of the study area. In general, the values of the indoor air are within the recommended action level of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, 2009.

Estimation of annual effective dose due to ingestion of natural radionuclides in foodstuffs and water at a proposed uranium mining site in India

Purpose: To study the distribution of 210Po, 226Ra, 230Th and U(nat) (naturally occurring radioisotopes of uranium [234U, 235U and 238U]) in food and water around the Bagjata uranium mining area in India.Materials and methods: Radionuclides were analyzed in food samples of plant and animal origin after acid digestion. Intake and ingestion dose of the radionuclides were estimated.Results: 210Po, 226Ra, 230Th and U(nat) in all the dietary components ranged widely from < 0.2–36, < 0.02–1.58, < 0.01–2.8 and < 0.017–0.39 Bqkg-1, respectively. The range of 226Ra and U(nat) in water was < 3.5–206 and < 12.6–693 mBql−1, respectively. The intake of radionuclides considering food and water was calculated to be 760 BqY−1 while the ingestion dose was 601 μSvY−1. The estimated doses reflect the natural background dose via route of ingestion, which is below the 1 mSvY−1 limit set by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). However, the doses are more than the dose constraint of 300 μSvY−1 as suggested by the ICRP for members of the public for planned disposal of long-lived radioactive waste.Conclusion: The study confirms that current levels of radionuclides do not pose significant radiological risk to the local inhabitants, but they need close investigation in the near future.