Estimation Of Stature Research Articles

Correlation of Morphometric Parameters of Spleen and Height of the Deceased: A Cross-sectional Study in North Indian Population

Introduction: Estimation of stature is a major forensic anthropological concern used in the identification of unknown and mutilated human remains. Studies considering spleen morphometric parameters to decipher the height of the deceased are very rare especially in Haryana though research studies involving correlation between height and other body organs have been done. Aim: To determine the correlation between the morphometric parameters of the spleen and height of the deceased. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy in collaboration with the Department of Forensic Medicine in Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India, from September 2010 to September 2012. The spleen specimens (30 male and 30 female) obtained from deceased adults in the age group of 16-70 years (both age inclusive) belonging to North India from the Department of Forensic Medicine during autopsy. The measurement of splenic parameters (weight, length, breadth, thickness and surface area) was done using direct measurement (standard methodology) accepted by anthropologists. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Pearson’s correlation test was used to evaluate the association between the splenic parameters and height. Correlation formula was derived to calculate the height from the splenic measurements. Results: Correlation of height was positive with splenic measurements (weight, length, breadth, thickness and total surface area) in both males and females and was significant with splenic weight (r-value=0.54 and p-value=0.02) and splenic length (r-value=0.548; p-value=0.002) in females. It was significant for splenic thickness in males (r-value=0.042; p-value=0.018) and significant for total surface area of spleen for both males and females (r-value=0.80 and p-value <0.00001 in males and r-value=0.58 and p-value=0.000781 in females). Conclusion: Correlation of height was significant for splenic weight and length in females; significant for splenic thickness in males and significant for total surface area of spleen for males and females. This study would help Anthropologists and Forensic Medicine Experts to calculate the height of the deceased using various regression equations if spleen is intact and is measured.

Estimation of stature from percutaneous tibial length by developing a regression formula among the male meitei population of Manipur: A cross-sectional study

Studies have reported that population-specific formulae are more reliable for estimation of stature in medico-legal cases. The present work was carried out on indigenous male Meitei subjects of Manipur. The data collected were analyzed to generate a regression formula for estimation of stature. A cross-sectional study was conducted on indigenous Manipuri Meitei males between the age group of 21 -25years on a sample size of 75 from august 2018 to July 2020. The standing height of the subject was measured in a standing position. The tibial length was measured as the distance between the medial most point on the upper border of the medial condyle of the tibia and the tip of the medial malleolus of the tibia. The following is the developed regression equation of stature of male (Y) Meitei subjects on his tibial length (X1):Y= 87.45 +.84 XI + 2.36. The findings of the study have been used in estimating the stature from tibial height by deriving a new regression formula that is specific to the population. It will be of immense importance in medico-legal investigations there by benefitting society in general.

Estimation of stature from ulna and hand length in Gujarati population

Estimation of stature from ulna and hand length in Gujarati population

Height estimation by evaluating morphometric measurements of hands and fingers

Biological bodily integrity is often lost in deaths due to undesirable situations such as femicides, natural disasters and plane crashes. For forensic scientists, accurate estimation of the person's stature is important for identification. In our study, it was aimed to obtain simple and multiple linear regression formulas required for stature calculation from hand and finger morphometric measurement values of young women. This study was carried out with the voluntary participation of 65 healthy young adult women between the ages of 18-24. Measurements were made on the palmar side of the hand using a digital caliper. In the study participants, the mean values of the measured variables; stature 164.45 cm, hand length 17.40 cm, hand width 7.70 cm, palm length 9.92 cm. Simple and multiple regression equations were obtained for stature estimation. The most reliable one of the regression equations obtained for stature estimation was the equation based on hand length. There was no correlation between thumb length and stature. The correlation value between index finger and stature was greater than the values obtained from other fingers (r=0.344, p<0.01). The correlation value between palm length and stature was higher than the correlation value between fingers and stature (r=385, p<0.01). Moderate and high positive correlation values were found between finger lengths and each other. The highest correlation value was between middle finger length and 4th finger length (r=872, p<0.01). The correlation value between thumb and little finger lengths was the smallest (r=415 p<0.01). The correlation value between hand length and stature is higher than the values obtained from finger lengths. In cases where total hand length cannot be measured, linear regression formula based on palm length should be preferred. Regression analysis results showed that palm length gave a better estimation of stature compared to finger length measurements.

Estimation of stature from external ear morphometry: A preliminary study

External ear is a defining feature of the face that gives a decent and definite look to a human face with an aesthetically fine appearance. Along with hearing, they are one of the most important body parts helping in human identification. The cross-sectional study was undertaken on a total of 149 dead bodies brought for postmortem examination from May 2019 to December 2019 of which 93 were males of age between 18 to 82 years and 56 were females of age between 19 years to 92 years. Total four parameters of the right and left ear that is length (EL), Ear breadth (EB), Ear lobule length (ELL), and Ear lobule breadth (ELB) of the adult population were studied with a digital vernier caliper capable of measuring nearest 0.01 mm and was correlated statistically with body length. In the right ear, the correlation coefficient (r-value) was higher in males for ear length, ear lobule length and lower in right ear lobule breadth, however in the left ear it was higher in females for ear length and ear lobule breadth, but it was higher in males in case of left ear lobule breadth. In the right ear the determination coefficient (r 2 value) was higher in males for ear length, and ear lobule length, and it was higher in females for ear breadth and ear lobule breadth, however in the left ear it was higher in females for ear length, ear breadth but it was higher in male for ear lobule length and ear lobule breadth.

Estimation of Stature from Coccygeal Measurements in North-West Indians

Stature estimation is quintessential to identification in field of forensic medicine and chiefly involves use of long bone measurements. However, difficulties arise in cases of extremely mutilated bodies where it's hard to find intact long bones. The aim of the study is to estimate the stature of deceased from coccygeal measurements and to formulate multiple regression equation for practical usage in forensic casework. A total of 200 medico-legal autopsy cases (157 males, 43 females) representative of northwest Indian population were studied. The straight length of coccyx (CxL) and the widths of first three coccygeal vertebrae (Cx1, Cx2, Cx3) were measured using digital vernier callipers. For standardization of regression equation, 155 cases (125 males, 30 females) having only three coccygeal vertebrae were considered further. The comparison of metric measurements was done using t-test. Karl Pearson's correlation of stature with metric parameters and multiple regression analysis was performed.

Estimation of stature from sternum from segmental length vis a vis combined length

Estimation of stature from sternum from segmental length vis a vis combined length

Estimation of stature by using percutaneous hand length amongst the Tamil Population

Stature is one of the basic data used in the identification of an unknown person. It plays an important role especially when mutilated bodies, advanced stages of decomposition, or skeletal remains cases are concerned. The present study examines the estimation of the stature of a person by using his hand length. It is not always an easy task because the growth & development of an individual may be affected by various factors such as age, sex, race, nutrition & geographical areas, etc. So, we need to have a population-specific regression formula for the Tamil population.

Estimation of Stature from Palm Length in Regional Population of Sonipat

Estimation of Stature from Palm Length in Regional Population of Sonipat

Estimation of stature using cephalic and facial measurements

Stature (living height) is one of the primary characteristics for the identification of a person along with other biological profiles - age, sex, and race. The need for Identification of a person can occur in situations like a mass disaster, unidentified bodies, and many civil cases and criminal cases. As any part of the human body can be found as evidence, there is a need for a study to investigate the significant correlation between stature and cephalon-facial dimensions in the human body. The study was done on 400 medical students of south Indian origin. The study showed a significant correlation between cephalic measurements and stature.

Estimation of stature from foot print: A study on medical students of Bihar

Height and sex from different parts of the body help in solving crime mysteries related to human identity. Similarly, foot or shoe prints if present at the scene of the crime may provide a clue regarding the height and the sex of the person that helps in establishing the partial identity of the suspect. Aims & Objectives is to investigate the relationship between footprint length with sex and to derive a regression equation from footprint length. Footprints of200 subjects (100 males and 100 females), from among asymptomatic, apparently healthy, young adults studying in All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, Bihar, India were taken as a subject for the study. Maximum footprint length and the height of each subject were measured. Predictive equations using linear regression were then derived separately for males, and females and for the combined data with the purpose of estimating the height when only the subject's footprint length is known. It was found that males were taller and have longer feet than females. A correlation coefficient (r) of0.739 in males and 0.6958 in females was obtained between the height and footprint length of the subjects. The standard error of the estimate was 4.6815 in males and 5.081 in females. The study revealed a highly significant degree of correlation between the measurements of footprint lengths and stature.

Estimation of stature from length of sternum in adult females of North East Madhya Pradesh - An autopsy based study

Determination of stature is an important step to complete the biological profile of an individual to establish identity particularly in partially skeletonized, dismembered, mutilated, and highly decomposed bodies. The present descriptive observational study was conducted on 50 female cadavers of age more than 25 years brought for medicolegal autopsy in this tertiary care center located in north east Madhya Pradesh. The aim of the present study was to find out a correlation between the lengths of different parts of fresh sternums and stature and derive a simple linear regression equation for stature estimation from the length of the sternum. Simple linear regression formulae were derived by correlating stature with the length of manubrium, length of mesosternum, and the combined length of manubrium and mesosternum. We observed a moderately positive correlation between stature and length of manubrium (R=0.167) and the combined length of manubrium and mesosternum (R=0.207). Amongst all parameters taken into consideration in the present study, stature can be most reliably predicted by the regression equation which is derived from the correlation between stature and the combined length of the manubrium and mesosternum [standard error of estimate (SEE) - 5.85]. Due to lesser values of correlation coefficient and higher SEE, lengths of different parts of the sternum are less reliable in predicting stature than lengths of long bones, hand length, and foot length. The findings of the present study will be useful for rapid estimation of stature in relatively fresh but mutilated bodies or badly decomposed bodies only when long bones are not available or are partially broken and fragmented.

A Cross sectional Study on Estimation of Stature from Forearm length in the age group of 18 to 25 years in Telangana population

A cross sectional study on correlation of the stature from forearm length was conducted in the population of Telangana region of India, A total of 150 members participated in the study among 75 males and 75 females in the age group of 18 to 25 years. The aim of the study is to estimate stature from a fragmentary body part forearm in the population of Telangana and to derive a separate regression equation for both right and left hand and for both male and female individuals. Measurement of the body part forearm length has taken as distance from the tip of the olecranon to proximal wrist crease in semi flexed posture measured by using vernier caliper. Statistical analysis was done by descriptive statistics like mean standard deviation, correlation coefficient and linear regression. P vale <0.05 was considered as statistical significant. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 25 software. The formula for right forearm is y = 50.76 + 4.18 X, left forearm is y = 50.89 + 4.19 X for total study group. For male population the formula for right forearm is y = 67.80 + 3.62 X, left forearm is y = 72.84 + 11.19 X. For female population the formula for right forearm is Y = 68.45 + 8.13 X and for left forearm is Y = 64.88 + 3.60 X.We found highly significant correlation between the forearm length and height of the individual. We observed a separate regression equation for right and left hand in both male and female population yield better result. We also observed left forearm equation is more accurate than right forearm. The height of the individual is about 6.1 times of forearm length. Linear regression formula developed in our study group is more appropriate for Telangana population

Estimation of Stature by using the Length of Ulna in Tribal Male Population of Udaipur District: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Anthropometry is one of the traditional and conceivably the basic tool of biological anthropology. Height is an important identifying feature of an individual. Estimation of height can be done by measurement of ulna and various regression formulae have been derived by different authors for different regions. Aim: To define correlation and to derive the linear regression equation from the length of ulna in male tribal population of Udaipur region, Rajasthan, India. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, from February 2019 to January 2020. Male tribal population between the age of 20-40 years, in and around Udaipur district of Rajasthan, were included in this study. Measurement of ulnar length of both right and left sides were recorded along with their height. ANOVA test was done to find out the correlation between height and ulnar length. Regression equation was formulated for the study population. Results: Total 245 males, belonging to Bhil and Meena tribes of Rajasthan, of mean age 31.87 years, were included in this study. The mean length of right ulna was 25.52 cm, of left ulna was 25.82 cm, and mean height was 159.34 cm. The study showed a positive correlation between the length of ulna and total height of male population of Udaipur region, in which the correlation coefficient of right ulna with height was 0.61, and that of left ulna with height was 0.64. Conclusion: A positive correlation exists between the length of ulna and height of an individual.

Stature estimation from hand measurements in South Indian population

In many cases, only a part of the body may be found in the crime scene. In such cases, partial identification of the deceased is possible. Stature is one such criterion which helps in the partial identification of an unidentified body. Researchers have estimated the stature where only a fragment of a body part like a hand is available. But owing to the geographical diversity, the same formula may not be applicable to all. Hence this study was undertaken to see the relationship and estimate the stature from different hand measurements in a south Indian population. The overall maximum correlation was found in right palmar length among males (r=0.567) followed by left palmar length among females (r=0.559). The palm length showed a higher correlation with stature than the palm breadth in both sexes. In females, the least correlation with stature was found with the right middle finger length (r=0.186), followed by the left middle finger length (r=0.191). Among the digits, the right middle finger length of the males showed a higher correlation (r=0.372) followed by the left middle finger length ofmales (r=0.370).

Stature Prediction by Comparing Maxillary and Mandibular Intercanine Width and Intermolar Width among Tamil Nadu Population.

Background:Teeth are one of the strongest hard tissues that can resist a variety of antemortem and postmortem insults and an important evidence in the field of medicolegal and forensics. In the identification of unknown human remains of the deceased, stature estimation is a preliminary investigation. Previously, the comparison of osteometry with odontometry in stature determination has been made. Similarly, an attempt is made to estimate stature using intercanine and intermolar width which may be a forensic tool in the future.Aim and Objective:The aim of this study was to determine stature using intercanine and intermolar width in the maxillary and mandibular arches and correlating to identify highly reliable parameter among the two. Further to evaluate the usefulness of odontometry in stature determination.Materials and Methods:Subjects for the study were recruited from the outpatient department of APDCH and students of APDCH. One hundred subjects were included in the study comprising fifty males and fifty females within the age group of 17–28 years as per inclusion criteria. Digital Vernier caliper for measuring intercanine width (cusp tips on either sides) and intermolar width (central fossa of 1st molar on either sides) on the study models and standard anthropometer for measuring the height of the subject (vertex to the floor).Results:Compared to other parameters, the maxillary intercanine distance is statistically significant to P = 0.05 with correlation value of 0.06 by Pearson correlation method.Conclusion:The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis and was found that out of the four selected odontometric parameters, maxillary intercanine width with a P = of 0.032 and Pearson correlation of 0.307 in Group 1 (males) were found to show a significant correlation with height. Regression analysis was done, and regression equations were derived. The following regression equation can be used to calculate the height of an individual, Group 1 (male) −Y = B+ Ax. Y = 135.5 + 0.947X (X - maxillary inter canine width). This method of stature prediction may be of relative importance but not of absolute certainty, thereby making it an adjunct to various other methods of stature prediction. Therefore, using odontometric parameters in combination improves the predictability of estimating stature rather than a single parameter.

Stature estimation from anthropometric measurement of hand and forearm length of Gujarati population

Stature estimation from anthropometric measurement of hand and forearm length of Gujarati population

Body Height and its Estimation Utilizing Hand Length Measurements in Montenegrin: National Survey

The purpose of this research is to determine a regression equation for estimation of stature from hand length measurements. This research was carried out on 1001 subjects (504 male and 497 female) among the population of Montenegrin adolescents. The stature and hand length measurements were taken according to the ISAK protocol, and the data were analyzed statistically; the relationships between stature and hand length measurements were derived using simple correlation. A comparison of the means of hand length measurements between sex was performed using a t-test, while a linear regression analysis was employed to examine the extent to which hand length t measurements can reliably predict stature. The results of this research study confirmed that hand length reliably predicts stature in both sexes of Montenegrin adolescents and revealed a very useful finding for physical anthropologists and experts from related fields.

The comparison stature estimation from forearm, hand length and foot length between Iranian and Pakistani medical students

<abstract><sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>An important task of the forensic anthropologist in unidentified human remains cases is establishing the identity of the deceased. A forensic anthropologist typically examines the remains in such a case to determine the biological characteristics of the deceased, such as their age, sex, height, and ethnicity, to narrow down the search for the missing. The purpose of this study was the comparison stature estimation from foot, forearm and hand length between Iranian and Pakistani students.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>Our measurement procedure involved measuring the foot, forearm and hand lengths of 160 Iranian and 200 Pakistani students. A random sampling of 18 to 22-year-olds was used to carry out the survey. Cluster sampling was used to select the subjects for the present descriptive and analytic study. In order to measure the anthropometrics, we used metal and plastic tape, a goniometer, a caliper, and a scale. Foot forearm and hand measurements were taken separately.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The mean ± SD of the stature were 178.228 ± 6.319 cm and 167.610 ± 7.580 cm in Pakistani males and females, respectively, and in Iranian males and females were 180.446 ± 5.569 cm and 164.435 ± 5.072 cm, respectively. In both Pakistani and Iranian populations, the regression model is meaningful (P = 0.000), except for Pakistani male students' foot length (P = 0.107) and Iranian female students' hand length (P = 0.102).</p> </sec><sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>We found that the foot, forearms, and hand length are correlated with height. Therefore, they can be used for estimating stature.</p> </sec></abstract>

Morphometric Analysis of External Ear to Estimate the Stature and Sexual Dimorphism in North Indians: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Anthropometry is an essential technique to understand the variations in the human body that is implicated during various reconstructive surgical procedures, and for the identification of individual during crime scene in forensics. Analysis of ear morphology plays a role in understanding the sexual dimorphism and stature in the human population. It has been found that the ear morphology changes from one region to another. Aim: To study the morphometric parameters of the ear for stature estimation, and to identify sexual dimorphism in north Indian population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study of 200 subjects (100 males and 100 females) aged 17-25 years was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study participants were selected from the MBBS, BDS and Nursing undergraduates studying in Banaras Hindu University (BHU). The various aspects of ear morphology (ear length, ear width, lobule length, lobule width) were measured. Student’s t-test, Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation and Linear regression equation were calculated. Results: The mean age for males were 19.17 years and females were 19.52 years. Measurements for ear length, width and lobule width of both ears were higher in males than females. The mean right and left ear length in males were 60.77±3.74 and 59.99±3.83 mm, and that for females were 56.59±3.044 and 55.55±3.68 mm, respectively. The mean right and left ear width in males were 30.60±2.81 and 30.81±2.69 mm and that for females, the values of ear width for right and left ears were 28.55±3.12 and 28.81±2.80 mm, respectively. A strong correlation between right and left ear length and stature in females were observed using linear regression coefficient analysis. The correlation coefficient between stature to right and left ear length in females were 0.554 and 0.51, respectively (p-value=0.030). Conclusion: Ear length and width, and lobule width of the right and left ears were significantly higher in males. There were no significant differences observed in lobule length. There was a strong correlation between the stature and right and left ear length in females, moderate strength of association was seen in stature with ear width and lobule length in females.