Establishment Of New Equilibrium Research Articles

Plate-model applied on concentration effects in size exclusion chromatography

A universal procedure of modeling chromatography separation, based on the plate model, has been developed. On each plate, the equilibrium between the analyte in the mobile and stationary phases is established. This equilibrium may be described by the concentration-dependent partition coefficient. The establishment of the equilibrium on each plate is followed by the displacement of the analyte in the mobile phase by one plate, establishment of new equilibrium, etc. The result is a series of elution curves with positions of maxima dependent on injected mass of the polymer. The procedure has been tested on modeling concentration effects on the basis of dependences of the partition coefficient on local concentrations on each plate. By comparison with the experiment, the slope of the concentration dependence of the partition coefficient of polystyrene in benzene was estimated. It is in qualitative agreement with the literature data obtained by a computer simulation of chromatography separation of polymers in good solvents.

The Short-Term Impact of a Domestic Cap-and-Trade Climate Policy on Local Agriculture: A Policy Simulation with Producer Behavior

This study is intended to develop understanding of possible impact of a domestic cap-and-trade climate policy on local agriculture. We focus the study on the transition period after the policy has raised input prices for production but before establishment of new equilibrium in agricultural commodity markets. We construct a policy simulation model based on production economics that explicitly considers producer behavior in the focal period. We apply the model to a production region in the US to quantify the impact of different levels of carbon price on production cost, production value, and farm income. Our case study shows that: (1) producers have ability to alleviate the cost impact, (2) producers may benefit by selling carbon credits in the carbon market but the revenue is likely to be limited, (3) the economic return of farm production is critical to the impact assessment, (4) the impact may vary across producers, and (5) regulation on the fertilizer industry is an important policy element that can influence the assessment of the impact. This study has important implications for climate policy design.