Establishment Of Evidence Research Articles

대학생의 학업참여도와 학업성취도 관계 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in academic participation between the low-achievement group and the high-achievement group according to the level of academic achievement, and to identify the relationship between the factors of academic participation and academic achievement. This is to preemptively identify academic participation factors related to academic achievement at the university level and prepare strategies for customized learning support for each learner's characteristics.
 Methods For the purpose of this study, a total of 306 students from A University located in Gyeonggi-do were selected as subjects of study, one with a score of less than 2.5 and those with a score of 4.0 or higher based on the GPA, which is the average GPA of the semester. In addition, cumulative academic data related to academic participation and academic achievement were collected and analyzed. Independent variables The variables for academic participation are attendance score, course credits, number of LMS accesses, number of access to the non-department integrated system, number of times to participate in the non-department program, the number of consultations with advisors, and the number of book loans. Dependent variables are GPA, which is academic achievement, and whether or not academic achievement is low or high. For data analysis, SPSS 28.0 statistical program was used. An independent sample t-test was conducted to compare the difference in academic participation between low-achieving students and high-achieving students, and multiple regression analysis was performed to verify the relationship between academic participation and academic achievement.
 Results According to Research Question 1, the degree of academic participation was found to be statistically significantly higher in the high-achieving group than in the low-achieving group in attendance score, number of credits taken, the number of LMS accesses, the number of access to the non-departmental integrated system, the number of times of participation in the non-departmental program, and the number of consultations with the advisor. According to Research Question 2, It was confirmed that the higher the attendance score, the number of credits taken, and the number of consultations with the advisor, the higher the academic achievement level.
 Conclusions In this study, the fact that the difference in academic participation between the two groups according to the level of academic achievement was identified and the relationship between academic participation and academic achievement was reconfirmed has educational significance as the justification for differentiated educational support for each group and the establishment of evidence. In addition, by recalling the importance of academic data, it can be used as a reference material for educational use of academic data in universities in the future.

Procedural Form of Defense Counsel Participation in Establishment of Evidence in Pre-Trial Proceedings Requires Optimization

Criminal procedural proof, which is the core of pre-trial proceedings, on the one hand, predetermines the justice of the final court decision in a criminal case, on the other hand, is able to protect a person from illegal and unreasonable criminal prosecution in a timely manner. The achievement of this is in direct correlation with the procedural capabilities of the defender to effectively participate in such establishment of evidence. However, the study of the opinions of academia, practitioners and generalization of the results of investigative practice, judicial statistics has led to the belief that in the course of establishment of evidence in a criminal case there exists an unreasonable discretion of the investigator and the interrogating officer over the guarantees of the individual’s right to protection enshrined in criminal procedure law. The defense counsel, despite the strengthening of these guarantees by the Federal Law of April 17, 2017 No. 73‑FZ, is not yet able to overcome the accusatory bias of the investigator, interrogator and properly defend the suspect, the accused. The author makes a proposal to solve this problem, taking into account the features of the modern form (type) of pre-trial proceedings.

Current status and future perspectives of clinical research in pancreatic cancer: Establishment of evidence by science.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive diseases in the world due to a lack of early detection, leading to an overall 5-year survival of only 10%. In recent years, clinical trials targeted pancreatic cancer in efforts to improve survival. These studies introduce new technologies, concepts, and evidence which have instilled new optimism for improving prognosis. This review summarizes the current status of the recent (5-year) clinical trials and describes contemporary research on pancreatic cancer, including surgical technology, diagnostic skills, traditional chemoradiotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and precision medicine. Then, the future trend and direction of clinical trials on pancreatic cancer are discussed.

Current status and perspectives of the future of pancreatic surgery: Establishment of evidence by integration of "art" and "science".

Pancreatic cancer surgery continues to be associated with a high operative morbidity rate, poor long‐term survival outcomes, and various challenges in obtaining high‐level evidence. Not only is the early postoperative morbidity rate high, but also late morbidity involves lifelong nutritional support for long‐term survivors. Due to poor survival outcomes even after curative surgery, pancreatic surgeons have doubts about the role of surgery as the definitive treatment for pancreatic cancer. Additionally, conducting clinical trials to obtain high‐level evidence in the field of pancreatic surgery is difficult, and the results have only had a moderate impact on clinical practice due to skepticism regarding their quality. Therefore, quality evidence regarding the extent of resection, mode of approach to dissection, reconstruction methods for pancreatico‐enteric anastomosis, determination of resectability, timing of surgery, and the definition of the resection margin is lacking. However, numerous innovative pancreatic surgical procedures have been developed, which may aptly have been called “art” when they were first introduced, regardless of whether they subsequently were supported by scientific evidence. In this review, we provide recent examples of the integration of art and science in the field of pancreatic surgery, which illustrate how the creative ideas of pancreatic surgeons evolved into generally accepted clinical practice. Pancreatic surgeons should be considered “surgical artists,” “surgical scientists,” and “surgical practitioners.” We look forward to more “surgical artists” educating future “surgical artists and scientists” to create a richer “spirit of innovation,” leading to a more beautiful integration of art and science in the field of pancreatic surgery.

Business intelligence tools to optimize the appropriateness of the diagnostic process for clinical and epidemiologic purposes in a multicenter veterinary pathology service.

Laboratory tests provide essential support to the veterinary practitioner, and their use has grown exponentially. This growth is the result of several factors, such as the eradication of historical diseases, the occurrence of multifactorial diseases, and the obligation to control endemic and epidemic diseases. However, the introduction of novel techniques is counterbalanced by economic constraints, and the establishment of evidence- and consensus-based guidelines is essential to support the pathologist. Therefore, we developed standardized protocols, categorized by species, type of production, age, and syndrome at the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), a multicenter institution for animal health and food safety. We have 72 protocols in use for livestock, poultry, and pets, categorized as, for example, "bovine enteric calf", "rabbit respiratory", "broiler articular". Each protocol consists of a panel of tests, divided into 'mandatory' and 'ancillary', to be selected by the pathologist in order to reach the final diagnosis. After autopsy, the case is categorized into a specific syndrome, subsequently referred to as a syndrome-specific panel of analyses. The activity of the laboratories is monitored through a web-based dynamic reporting system developed using a business intelligence product (QlikView) connected to the laboratory information management system (IZILAB). On a daily basis, reports become available at general, laboratory, and case levels, and are updated as needed. The reporting system highlights epidemiologic variations in the field and allows verification of compliance with the protocols within the organization. The diagnostic protocols are revised annually to increase system efficiency and to address stakeholder requests.

A Systematic Review of Quality Improvement Interventions in Burn Care

Abstract Quality improvement interventions (QIIs) are intended to improve the care of patients. Unlike most traditional clinical research, these endeavors emphasize the sustainable implementation of scientific evidence rather than the establishment of evidence. Our purpose was to conduct a systematic review of QII publications in the field of burn care. A systematic review was conducted utilizing electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library) of all studies relating to “quality improvement” in burn care published until March 31, 2020. Studies were excluded if no baseline data were reported, or if no intervention was applied and tested. Studies were scored using a novel 10-point evaluation system for QII. We evaluated 414 studies involving “quality improvement” in burn care. Only 82 studies contained a QII while 332 studies were categorized as traditional research. Several traditional research studies made claims to be QIIs, but few met the criteria. Of the 82 QII references, only 20 (24%) were accessible as full-text manuscripts, the remainder were published as abstracts only. The mean score was 7.95 for full-text studies (range 6–10) and 7.4 for abstract-only studies (range 5.5–9.5). Despite the importance of quality improvement (QI) in burn care, very few studies have been published that employ true QI methodology, and many QII studies never advance beyond publication as abstracts in conference proceedings. Based on this systematic review, we propose guidelines to improve the quality of QII submissions.

Evidence and Establishment of Evidence Norms in CIS Countries Criminal Procedures: A Comparative Legal Analysis

The paper is devoted to a comparative legal analysis of some norms of the criminal procedure laws of the CIS countries concerning evidence and establishment of evidence in criminal procedures. The paper analyzes the legal definitions of the concept of "evidence" in the CIS countries codes. It is noted that the wording used in article 74 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation is less specific than the content of the relevant norms in the legislation of other CIS countries. In particular, the replacement of the phrase "this data is established", which was used in the RSFSR Criminal Procedure Code, with the phrase "evidence is" in part 2 of article 74 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, which led to an illegal identification of the sources of evidence and the evidence itself, is critically evaluated.Some features, advantages and disadvantages of the norms of criminal procedure laws of the CIS countries containing a list of sources of evidence are revealed. The conclusion is made about a clear advantage in this respect of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, part 2 of article 74 of which contains a complete and universal list of sources of evidence. At the same time, the need to include in this list, along with the testimony of the suspect and the accused, such a source of evidence as the testimony of the defendant is argued.The paper analyzes the legislative consolidation of the concept of "evidence" in the criminal procedure codes of the CIS countries, which allowed us to critically evaluate the definition given to this concept by the Russian legislator. According to the author, the absence of the purpose for the establishment of evidence in article 85 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, namely the purpose for establishing the circumstances listed in article 73 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, as a lawful, reasoned and just resolution of the case, is a significant shortcoming of the Russian criminal-procedural law that requires special legal address.

Illegal Organization and Conduct of Gambling Classification Problems

The paper provides a definition of criminal procedure evidence and highlights elements of their internal structure. The author conducts a comparative analysis of the rights, duties and responsibilities of the persons questioned in criminal matters, and those giving an explanation in the audit of the reports of the crime. The author identifies the ratio of explanations of those involved in the production of proceedings and evidence of participants to criminal proceedings. Using court practice materials the author provides the assessment of the possibility of using explanations in establishment of evidence on criminal cases as evidence or other documents. The author substantiates the findings of non-compliance requirements of the explanations to the requirements of criminal procedure evidence and the impossibility of their use as evidence in criminal cases.

Symposium of the journal "Herald of Civil Procedure": History, Current State and Development Prospects

The journal «Herald of Civil Procedure» annually gathers outstanding scholars and practitioners in the field of civil procedure in Kazan. Within the 5 years, the Symposium of the journal has become a real tradition, gained annual participants, friends and listeners, as well as created a platform for large-scale discussion at the highest level. The first and each subsequent symposia are very similar to each other, but every year there is something new, a kind of highlight, giving the event a uniqueness and impetus to move forward, develop, and improve the level.The first Symposium was held in the Spring of 2014, its theme was designated as «The Evolution of the civil process: issues of comparative law and national law». The second Symposium, held in 2015, was devoted to the reform of the civil process and its current state. The 2016 Symposium, the third in a row, was named «Kazan arbitration day: development of the rule of law and regional problems». The fourth Symposium of the journal «Herald of Civil Procedure» was named the «Electronic justice and information technologies in civil proceedings» and was held on September 29, 2017.In 2018 the V Annual Symposium of the journal was devoted not only to civil procedure, but also to some aspects of substantive law, as it was devoted to the issues of evidentiary law, which made it possible to invite academics and legal practitioners, as well as experts in the field of evidence and establishment of evidence to participate in the event. A striking contribution to the Symposium was the participation of academics-representatives of various law schools of Russia, practicing lawyers, representatives of the judicial community, as well as academics of Kazan University.

The Use of Wiretapping Results in Establishment of Evidence in Conditions of Developing Information Technologies (Comparative Legal Analysis of the Russian Federation Legislation and Some Foreign Countries Legislation)

The paper covers the current problems of applying the wiretapping results in the process of establishment of evidence in criminal cases, taking into account the modern requirements for information technology.In recent years, there have been some studies on the use of information technology in establishment of evidence. However, most of them deal with the problems of the use of electronic media and «electronic evidence» in criminal proceedings. The order of the analyzed event, as well as other operational investigative measures, is regulated not by the criminal procedural legislation, but by the legislation on investigative activities. In this connection, in the legal literature, discussions regarding the procedure of introduction of the wiretapping results in criminal proceedings are not dying out. The study of different opinions is not only of interest for the development of scientific thought, but also has practical significance, since it determines the admissibility of evidence and creates the necessary guarantees to ensure the rights and legitimate interests of the individual in criminal proceedings. All this does not lose the relevance in the era of digitalization.In order to search for resources to improve the efficiency of establishment of evidence, the paper provides an analysis of the positive experience of legislative regulation in some foreign countries both as ways to use information technology in the process of wiretapping, and the use of the wiretapping results in establishment of evidence. Special attention is given to the rights and legitimate interests of the person involved in the orbit of criminal proceedings.

THE RATIO OF THE GROUNDS FOR INITIATING A CRIMINAL CASE AND THE GROUNDS FOR CHARGES IN CONDITIONS OF DIGITIZATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

The proliferation and active use of technical means of audio and video recording in the process of identifying and proving certain types of crimes leads to the need to rethink the correlation of certain theoretical concepts. The paper analyzes similar elements and differences in the grounds for initiating a criminal case and the grounds for accusation. Attention is drawn to the convergence of the content of these concepts in the conditions of the spread of digital technologies in criminal proceedings. It is suggested that the use of audio and video recordings in a cognitive procedure has a significant effect on the inner conviction of the investigator and the inquiry officer when making procedural decisions. The possibility of initiating a criminal case is analyzed solely on the basis of audio and video. The author states his point of view on the inadmissibility of simplifying the procedure for establishment of evidence in cases of audio and video recordings, along with confessions, since in this case there is a violation of the basic foundations of cognitive activity in criminal proceedings.

Adversarial principle and concept of truth in criminal proceedings of the republic of Azerbaijan

The paper provides the author’s approach to understanding the issues of adversarial system and truth, evidence and proof in criminal proceedings, the main approaches to the issue of truth in the criminal procedure legislation of the Azerbaijan Republic and the Russian Federation. Adversarial nature of judicial proceedings is assessed as an effective mechanism for ensuring equal participation of the parties in establishment of evidence, as manifestation of the essence of the modern criminal procedure. The author analyzes the problems of the relationship of objective truth and the adversarial nature of the criminal procedure, correlation between adversarial system, equality of the parties and the establishment of objective truth in a criminal case. The paper justifies the conclusion that if at the time of the initial verdict, the parties and the court did everything that was possible under those conditions, then by the time the sentence was pronounced, it was actual and was perceived by everyone as a statement “beyond reasonable doubt”. This approach is more consistent with the nature of procedural knowledge and makes it possible to organically combine, rather than oppose, the pursuit of truth and adversarial nature in modern criminal proceedings.

The Feasibility of Hospital Information System for the Establishment of Evidence based Medicine in the Affiliated Hospitals in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

The aim of study is the feasibility of hospital information system for establishment of evidence-based medicine in affiliated hospital to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The statistical population was all the specialist and head nurses (46 head nurses and 34 specialists) of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The sampling has done with parabolic random method. Data collection has done with a questionnaire, which its validity have estimated, by the specialist. The data have analyzed descriptive statistical test and t-test by using SPSS ver.20 software. The result sowed that no significant difference between the average score acquisition of accessing to EBM database with hypothetical average (P>0.05). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the hospitals data system condition average score (P=0.02). Based on the results of this study there was statistically significant difference between the applicability of providing cultural field of using the EBM average score and hypothetical average and the average score of the applicability for providing cultural use of the EBM was more than the hypothetical average (P<0.001). The affiliated hospitals to Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences have proper condition in terms of accessing to the reference data bank, hospital information system and the existence of EBM cultural infrastructure. However, the condition of accessing to the database was not desirable, therefore, providing possibility for accessing the EBM database have suggested.

Correlation of knowledge and establishment of evidence in determining the punishment and the problem of quality of sentences

The main problem of the article is the need for proper solution of the issue of punishment in a criminal case, which is considered in two aspects - theoretical and practical. The theoretical aspect is aimed at establishing the nature of activity to determine the punishment, namely, whether it is a cognitive activity, and if so, whether it is limited to the knowledge of establishment of evidence. Adjoining to the common position of those authors who recognize the cognitive character of this activity, we defended the position that the establishment of evidence, despite its importance, does not exhaust the learning process in a criminal case. In particular, this is demonstrated in the context of the study of the personality of the accused on the basis of Art. 73 of the Criminal Procedural Code, as well as based on the possibility of the court and the investigating officer directly perceive the traits of the accused person. Subsequently, the above theoretical principles are used to solve the practical aspects of the problem which concerns extremely and permanently low quality of a sentence in terms of the disclosure of matters of the punishment. In support of this position, the author provides the viewpoints of the scientists, empirical data, including the results of the questioning of persons serving a real imprisonment sentence, the decisions of the High Courts. As a possible solution to the problem the author proposes, on the one hand, to review the validity of such stringent requirements of procedural form in matters of punishment, and on the other, the separation of the processes on rendering a decision concerning guilt and punishment by a court. To confirm the reasonableness of these approaches the experience of foreign countries (the United States), the pre-revolutionary national legislation, as well as the position of individual scientists are provided.

Emerging technology within the field of active gaming: Towards the establishment of evidence

Emerging technology within the field of active gaming: Towards the establishment of evidence

Reconsidering Genocidal Intent in the Interest of Prevention

Early establishment of evidence for genocidal intent would allow responses in the context of R2P, targeted specifically at the prevention of genocide and focus scarce resources and limited political will. This article is an attempt to develop an interpretation of genocidal intent that supports the application of the obligation to prevent genocide in future situations. Past examples, including the situations in Rwanda and Darfur, demonstrated that the interpretation of genocidal intent has important implications for the application of the obligation to prevent genocide under the Convention. While some of the challenges can be traced back to the drafting history of the Convention, a review of the Travaux Preparatoire reveals very limited cross-references between the discussions on intent and considerations of the obligation to prevent genocide. Since the drafting of the Convention there have been significant developments in the interpretation and application of genocidal intent by national and international courts, and in the development of methodology and institutions for early-warning and early action to respond to situations at risk of genocide. International and national courts would have to acknowledge their role in assisting national and international entities in implementing the obligation to prevent and punish genocide by opting for a ‘prevention-friendly’ interpretation and ensuring punishment as early as possible during unfolding events of genocide through the application of genocidal intent. The interpretation of intent must be opened to subsume relevant precursors of genocide into the definitions of article II and III of the Convention. The interpretation of intent has to evolve over time to link well-established risk factors with the acts of genocide spelled out in the Convention.

Prophylactic aortic arch debranching during type A aortic dissection repair

They refer to data of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT), which reported a significantly improved survival after cardiac retransplantation [3]. Regarding those patients who were more than 12 months from the initial transplant procedure and underwent redo HTX between 2002 and 2005, these patients experienced a 1year survival rate of approximately 85%, the same as primary transplants performed during the same time period. However, these survival data refer to recently performed transplantations in a selected patient population. Looking at the overall results of the ISHLT database, repeat transplantation has been identified as a significant risk factor for long-term mortality after HTX. These results have also been confirmed by other authors [4]. One important step towards a reasonable allocation of donor hearts was the decision against redo transplantation in acute organ failure. For the establishment of evidence based criteria for redo HTX a working group has analysed the results of the ISHLT database. Based on these results they have elaboratedandpublishedindicationsandcontraindicationsfor repeat HTX. Exclusion criteria were any kind of malignancy, severe pulmonary hypertension, concomitant end-organ failure (renal, hepatic, pulmonary), and evidence of patient non-compliance. Relative contraindications were severe peripheral vascular disease, severe osteoporosis as well as the patients’ general physical status [5]. These evidence based criteria are helpful. However, they cannot replace the individual decision in every potential candidate for repeat heart transplantation. As Leach and Evanspoint out,retransplantation remainstheonlydefinitive treatment option for coronary artery vasculopathy. Therefore, a decision against repeat HTX might result in the death of the patient. Repeat transplantation belongs to those indications for HTX that are associated with an increased risk of mortality, comparable to patients with temporary circulatory support, ventricular assist device support or ventilatory support [3]. Although, in all these patients the risk of mortality after HTX is significantly elevated, they are not generally excluded from this therapeutic option. According to our opinion, the final decision and responsibility as to whether or not a patient is a suitable candidate for HTX has to remain in the hands of the transplant surgeon. The decision should be based on evidence based criteria as well as on patient related individual risk factors.

Toward the Establishment of Evidence–Based Practices in Group Psychotherapy

(2008). Toward the Establishment of Evidence–Based Practices in Group Psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 441-454.

Establishment of evidence based health care for common diseases based on genetic epidemiological approach

With the end of the Human Genome Project, we can foresee on the horizon the molecular dissection of common diseases, although we could not have imagined such a possibility even 10 years before. As byproducts of the human genome project, molecular dissection enables us to provide evidence-based health care against common diseases: therapies will become more specific and effective than before against individual health risks associated with genetic diversities. In the present paper, I will briefly sketch state-of-the-art genetic linkage analysis for common diseases and discuss inherent difficulties which hamper our approach. Emphasis should be put on some advantages of our country for genetic studies, where our local communities still preserves old genetic backgrounds. Such a unique feature will facilitate genetic dissections of not only rare hereditary diseases but also common diseases, paving the way for genetic epidemiology in the next 10 years.

Identification and Back-Titration of Brain Pyruvate Dehydrogenase: Functional Significance for Behavior

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses an in vitro method for back-titration of brain phosphoproteins to determine the consequences of behavioral treatments on the available phosphorylatable sites of such proteins. This back-titration technique, in the endogenous phosphorylation system, measures the net phosphate incorporated as a consequence of both kinase and phosphatase activity. The back-titration method is influenced by procedural factors that alter, from the time before sacrifice to the time of assay, the amount of phosphate covalently bound to substrate proteins. The influence of method of sacrifice, buffer system, subcellular fraction and gel conditions on the accuracy of back-titration thus requires detailed consideration. With the use of conventional biochemical techniques, the establishment of evidence indicating that different laboratories are working with the same phosphoproteins, the use of back-titration to establish the consequences of functioned behavioral manipulations, and the identification of a behaviorally responsive phosphoprotein as pyruvate dehydrogenase, the study of the macromolecular basis of behavior can be said to be established on a firm foundation. Understanding the function of brain phosphoproteins will require the identification of the sequence of cellular and molecular events set into motion by specific environmental conditions, particularly those involving learning and memory.