Established Research Traditions Research Articles

Lexikalische Variation im Fokus: Ein Problemaufriss

While in general the theory of variability has meanwhile reached a high level of knowledge and variables and variants are comparatively established entities in Variational Linguistics, there are many ambiguities with regard to lexical variation in particular. Against this background, the present article develops a current synthesising research overview from a systematising perspective and analytically scrutinises lexical variation as a specific linguistic phenomenon from several perspectives. In doing so, both established research traditions and results as well as modern research approaches will be taken into account at the same time and some potentials will be illuminated.

Soviet Research on the Economic Potential of the Scientific and Technological Revolution and the Theory of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

The article is devoted to the problems of the regularities of the evolution of economic thought, the relationship between the development of economic reality and science, the nature of the similarity of the positions of seemingly completely unrelated theories. In particular, in the text the relation between Soviet research approaches of the socio-economic consequences of the scientific and technological revolution and the theory of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is focused. As a result of modern technological transformations, the economic reality is changing, which, in turn, sets a new research scope for theory. The appeal to historical experience, research of the correlation between theory and practice contributes to the search for answers to modern challenges. The key features of scientific and technological revolution highlighted by Soviet researchers were automation and chemicalization. These components also related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the evolved form. In capitalism, they have a direct impact on a number of elements of the economic system, which was reflected by both Soviet economists and modern researchers. Issues on the adjustment of production goals and the functioning of its system are raised. Issues on the adjustment of production goals, the expansion of quality of life criteria are raised. Potential transformations affect both the level of individual enterprises and national economies as a whole (mainly in developed countries). The prerequisites for expanding the role of the government are highlighted. The article concludes that, despite the need to revise a number of provisions, the legacy of Soviet thought, as well as the theory of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is becoming more topical currently. It is determined by the course of scientific and technological progress. It is noted that the advantage of Soviet approaches is their belonging to a large theoretical system, Marxism. The theory of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is included in the field of several disciplines, but it is not closely related to any already established research tradition.

Виды, формы и культурные смыслы современных антиконсюмеристских потребительских практик

The article is devoted to the analysis of cultural meanings and symbolic meanings of various forms of consumer actions of an anti-consumerist orientation in accordance with the specific historical conditions in which consumption is carried out. It is emphasized that the objects of consumption themselves and the practice of their use are always inscribed in a certain ideological system, interfacing with the norms of the latter. Adhering to the established foreign research tradition, the authors distinguish two trends among anti-consumerist practices: anti-consumption and consumer resistance. The signs of anti-consumption are mainly an individual character, a focus on the subject’s construction of his cultural identity, implementation within the framework of the capitalist order of production and consumption. Consumer resistance is characterized by the pronounced activity of specially organized collectives, the focus on combating the current production and consumer system, socio-political and economic injustice.

Approaching the concept of research in the 5-year teacher education programme in design, art, and crafts

In 1976, a master’s programme in art and design education was established at two pedagogical institutions in Norway. The programme can be seen as the first step in developing field-specific research education for professional teachers in the field. The programme was implemented without parallels at the universities and thus lacked an established research tradition on which to rely. The master’s programme has retrospectively been described as transdisciplinary in nature. This mode of knowledge production encourages disciplinary crossing and the study of reality from multiple angles. By 2023, at the latest, a 5-year teacher education programme for practical and aesthetic subjects, including design, art, and crafts, will be implemented in Norway. In this article, the concept of research, as it appears in the Norwegian national curriculum regulations for the upcoming programme, is analysed through a summative content analysis. The analysis addresses the questions of what characterises the concept of research in the national curriculum regulations and how the concept of research corresponds to the legacy of the original master’s programme established in 1976. Among the findings is that both profession-oriented research and artistic development work are acknowledged as research in the curriculum regulations, which agrees with both original ideas of the master’s in art and design education and transdisciplinary knowledge production. Teamwork as part of research appears to be an area for further development. This analysis suggests drawing on transdisciplinarity as well as experiences from ‘educational practice’ in teacher education in the further development of the concept of research.

ЦИФРОВАЯ КУЛЬТУРА КАК ОБЪЕКТ КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИИ: К ПРОБЛЕМЕ МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВ

Modern domestic research of digital culture, according to the author, is mainly based on scientific approaches developed by the Euro-American philosophical and scientific thought. This position seems counterproductive, as it condemns Russian scientists to eternal lag. The article offers a number of alternative approaches to the study of digital culture. The author presents some subject areas and methods of studying digital culture, which are on the periphery of scientific interests. It offers a number of steps away from established research traditions. First, the author shares phenomenal and noumenal aspects of digital culture. The emphasis on the nominal aspect opens up the possibility of analyzing the value-semantic content of digital culture, identifying the specifics of “digital creativity” as a semantic and syntactic process. Secondly, the author expands the ideas about the genealogy of digital culture. In particular, the role of philosophy in the formation of a new digital method of culture coding is explicated, the way some ideas of structuralism, axiology, phenomenology legitimized the formation of this method is demonstrated. Third, the author falsifies (in the sense of Popper) the tradition of identifying postmodern culture with digital culture. Based on comparative analysis it is proved that the value-semantic content of these cultures do not coincide, that digital culture is a synthesis of the ideals of modernism and postmodernism. Fourth, the author attempts to determine the ontological status of digital culture. He argues that the inherent ability of this culture to reproduce itself makes a person from the subject of cultural production to its object. This non-anthropocentric turn generates an unprecedented alienation of culture. Digital culture is turning into a force that dominates man, turns man into a being not just controlled, manipulated, but also devoid of authenticity. At the same time, non-anthropocentric turn creates unprecedented participation person to the culture. The growing dependence of man on artificial technologies puts culture at the epicenter of human existence. Changing the ontological status of culture entails the need for a radical revision of the conceptual apparatus of its research. The concept of “culture” is spontaneously replaced by the concept of “postculture”. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the vital importance of studying digital culture, the need for theoretical study of ideas about digital culture as a post-culture.

Sustainability education research and policy in Cyprus: an investigation into their roles and relationships

This paper is motivated by the idea that the study of the interplay of research and policy related to Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in specific national contexts can contribute to global conversations about the relationships between education research and policy-making. It is written by two individuals who have been involved in various roles within the development of ESD research and policy in Cyprus. The study involved thematic analysis of all ESD policy and research documents in Cyprus from 1998 and 2017, in order to examine interactions between research and policy. Findings suggest that ESD research and policy in Cyprus empower each other, with researchers participating to on-going policy development and policy processes highlighting new directions for research. Based on these findings, we discuss the effectiveness of a participatory model for ESD research and policy processes, and the importance of situations where education policy interrupts established research traditions. Further, we highlight the danger of research being suppressed under the power of politics. We conclude that the study of the development of ESD research and policy in specific national contexts, especially beyond Western Europe and North America, can reveal the varied possibilities in the interplay of policy and research, and therefore can inform understandings of the relationships between them.

Debating Post-Critical Pedagogy: A Conversation in Letters

This contribution discusses objections to and concerns with the concept of post-critical pedagogy in general and Wortmann’s introduction to the topic in issue 9 of On Education (Wortmann, 2020) in particular. In the first section, Selma Haupt identifies three main issues as missing in post-critical pedagogy: first, the lack of a concrete notion of what counts as critical pedagogy, second the lack of criteria for what is good in education, and third the lack of connection to established research traditions within education. In the second section, Kai Wortmann responds to these issues, and in the third section, Selma Haupt reflects on her reading of post-critical thinking. While objections remain, she attempts to capture what post-critical pedagogy may mean.

Data-centric innovation in retrofit: A bibliometric review of dwelling retrofit across North Western Europe

Data-centric innovation can inform the development of effective retrofit strategies through novel methods of collecting, analysing and sharing data. This bibliometric review uses a text-mining tool to identify research trends in dwelling retrofit research across North Western Europe. The review identifies a major focus on energy efficiency, with sub-themes on: 1) energy performance, 2) heat, power and control technologies, 3) indoor environment quality and 4) retrofit practice. In dwelling retrofit, there is now an established research tradition of using data-centric methods in monitoring and modelling energy performance to inform and learn from energy efficiency interventions. Building on the state-of-the-art, our analyses suggest opportunities for data-centric methods to consider the indoor environment quality and material impacts resulting from energy performance improvements. This information can then be openly communicated across the supply chain. Thus the paper discusses the retrofit themes and data-centric methods within North Western Europe, for an emerging trajectory of data-centric retrofit research and practice.

Linguistic-Cognitive Text Model “Description”

The article is devoted to questions of explicitation of a “description” type text model. The theory of functional-semantic types of speech, developed in the 70s of the XX century by O. A. Nechaeva, is characterized. The relevance of the work is due to the importance of determining the place of this theory in modern linguistic science. The question is raised about the revision of certain provisions of the functional-semantic approach in the light of new linguistic research. The author of the article indicates that, in particular, one should take into account the element of the “point of view” model, that is, the position from which the description is made, since it is crucial in describing the sensory sensations that form the basis of the descriptive fragment. It is proved that, contrary to the established research tradition, it is necessary to take into account the role of the narrator when analyzing an artistic descriptive text. It seems important for characterizing the author’s individual style and his intentions. The article focuses on revising the composition of a text model of the “description” type in the light of the linguistic-cognitive approach. The presence of a description of a fixed background and cognitively distinguished figures as part of the model is stated. It is proved that, in addition to the background and figures, the observer's position should be included in the description model, which determines the description method, its tonality and the choice of language means of verbalization of space. The possibility of using frame analysis in the study of descriptive fragments is noted.

The concept of instrument constituencies: accounting for dynamics and practices of knowing governance

As a new concept in policy analysis, instrument constituencies shed light on the ‘supply side’ of policy-making and thereby fill a gap in our understanding of national and transnational policy dynamics. Policy instruments are not only ‘active’ because they contain scripts for reordering society but also because they gather a constituency comprised of practices and actors oriented towards developing, maintaining and expanding a specific instrumental model of governing. Instrument constituencies account for a hitherto neglected form of agency and explain the often-observed paradox that policy solutions sometimes chase policy problems, although the former are meant to emerge as answers to the later. We give an outline of the concept as it has been developed so far, formulate propositions, and discuss linkages with established research traditions in policy studies.

An exploratory study of translanguaging practices in an online beginner-level foreign language classroom

Abstract Translanguaging, the movement between communicative modes and features of different languages, is becoming an established research tradition in content-focused second language learning contexts. Pedagogic translanguaging practices nevertheless remain under-applied and under-researched in foreign language instructional settings, whether face-to-face or online. Synchronous virtual foreign language classrooms represent particularly rich spaces in which to begin to explore such practices, due to their multimodal affordances on the one hand and their technical constraints on the other. This study examines the pedagogic translanguaging practices that occur in a corpus of beginner-level Spanish online group tutorial data. A macro-level analysis of the interactional patterns that occur within this context reveals that both teacher participants follow closely the pedagogic prescriptions provided by the course designers with regard to the activities they employ. The finding that these activities offer limited opportunities for students to move between communicative modes and languages may be attributed in part to the emphasis on spoken interaction in this particular setting. A complementary micro-level analysis nevertheless reveals a more autonomous and intuitive approach to the teachers’ choice of language when mediating such activities. Instances of student code-switching are relatively few, however. The study concludes with a call to course designers and practitioners to experiment with integrating a wide range of pedagogic translanguaging opportunities into online foreign language classroom activities, with a view to enhancing teaching, learning and communication in such environments.

Meziškolní mobilita: přehledová studie výzkumných témat

The review explore main topics of the research of the school mobility defined as transfers of pupils to other school in the situations different from normal transition to higher level of education. The overview of the English terminology and a proposal of a Czech one is reported as well. There are included 85 research studies in the review (the major part of them published in peer reviewed journals) from 1991 to 2015. The most frequent topic, with an established research tradition, was the effect of the school mobility on the academic outcomes of the pupils, followed by descriptive surveys of prevalence, social engagement of children and adolescents and their families, impact on other relevant developmental issues, effect on schools and teachers, relation with quasi-market models of education quality improvement, and school quality evaluation. A transversal issue is the differentiation of the effect of the school transfer itself from the other variables, mainly the characteristics of the families of the children that often change schools. The dominance of quantitative surveys and the lack of qualitative or ethnographic studies is an important characteristic of the sample of the research studies.

Camels, Cormorants, and Kangaroo Rats: Integration and Synthesis in Organismal Biology After World War II.

During the decades following World War II diverse groups of American biologists established a variety of distinctive approaches to organismal biology. Rhetorically, organismal biology could be used defensively to distinguish established research traditions from perceived threats from newly emerging fields such as molecular biology. But, organismal biologists were also interested in integrating biological disciplines and using a focus on organisms to synthesize levels of organization from molecules and cells to populations and communities. Part of this broad movement was the development of an area of research variously referred to as physiological ecology, environmental physiology, or ecophysiology. This area of research was distinctive in its self-conscious blend of field and laboratory practices and its explicit integration with other areas of biology such as ecology, animal behavior, and evolution in order to study adaptation. Comparing the intersecting careers of Knut Schmidt-Nielsen and George Bartholomew highlights two strikingly different approaches to physiological ecology. These alternative approaches to studying the interactions of organisms and environments also differed in important ways from the organismal biology championed by leading figures in the modern synthesis.

Self‐Representation and Perspectives in Dreams

AbstractIntegrative and naturalistic philosophy of mind can both learn from and contribute to the contemporary cognitive sciences of dreaming. Two related phenomena concerning self‐representation in dreams demonstrate the need to bring disparate fields together. In most dreams, the protagonist or dream self who experiences and actively participates in dream events is or represents the dreamer: but in an intriguing minority of cases, self‐representation in dreams is displaced, disrupted, or even absent. Working from dream reports in established databanks, we examine two key forms of polymorphism of self‐representation: dreams (or dream episodes) in which I take an external visuospatial perspective on myself, and those in which I take someone else's perspective on events. In remembering my past experiences or imagining future or possible experiences when awake, I sometimes see myself from an external or ‘observer’ perspective. By relating the issue of perspective in dreams to established research traditions in the study of memory and imagery, and noting the flexibility of perspective in dreams, we identify new lines of enquiry. In other dreams, the dreamer does not appear to figure at all, and the first person perspective on dream events is occupied by someone else, some other person or character. We call these puzzling cases ‘vicarious dreams’ and assess some potential ways to make sense of them. Questions about self‐representation and perspectives in dreams are intriguing in their own right and pose empirical and conceptual problems about the nature of self‐representation with implications beyond the case of dreaming.

Implicit religion, explicit religion and purpose in life: an empirical enquiry among 13- to 15-year-old adolescents

In his analysis of the construct “implicit religion” Edward Bailey speaks of those individuals “who believe in Christianity” but who do not display the behaviours of explicit religion, like church attendance. A recent research tradition has tried to operationalise this understanding of implicit religion by studying those who believe that they can be a Christian without going to church. A longer established research tradition has demonstrated the association between explicit religiosity and an enhanced sense of purpose in life. The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that implicit religiosity (in the sense of believing that you can be a Christian without going to church) is also associated with an enhanced sense of purpose in life. Data provided by a sample of 25,825 13- to 15-year-old adolescents support this hypothesis. In turn these findings support the notion that implicit religion (in the sense operationalised by this study) fulfils some functions similar to those fulfilled by explicit religion.

The Association Between Suicidal Ideation, Explicit Religion and Implicit Religion

In his analysis of the construct “implicit religion” Edward Bailey speaks of those individuals “who believe in Christianity” but who do not display the behaviours of explicit religion, such as church attendance. A recent research tradition has tried to operationalize this understanding of implicit religion by studying those who believe that they can be a Christian without going to church. A longer established research tradition has demonstrated the association between explicit religiosity and a lower level of suicidal ideation. The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that implicit religiosity (in the sense of believing that you can be a Christian without going to church) is also associated with a lower level of suicidal ideation. Data provided by a sample of 25,726 13- to 15- year-old adolescents fail to support this hypothesis.

The Origins of Anthropological Genetics

Although we often date the conflict of “molecules and morphology” in biological anthropology to the 1962 Wenner-Gren conference “Classification and Human Evolution,” the roots of the conflict extend considerably deeper. In the first half of the twentieth century, two established research traditions applied genetic data to problems in physical anthropology: racial serology and systematic serology. These had a tense relationship with the more mainstream areas of racial anthropology and primate taxonomy. Both produced conclusions that were often difficult to reconcile with traditional physical anthropology but that laid claim to the authoritative voices of genetics and evolution. They were also less relevant and less threatening to general anthropology than the other movement for the application of genetics to anthropological problems—eugenics—had been. I discuss the relations of genetics to anthropology as manifested in the areas of eugenics, race, and primate taxonomy in the early twentieth century and the...

Motivations for innovation in the built environment: new directions for research

Innovation in the built environment involves multiple actors with diverse motivations. Policy-makers find it difficult to promote changes that require cooperation from these numerous and dispersed actors and to align their sometimes divergent interests. Established research traditions on the economics and management of innovation pay only limited attention to stakeholder choices, engagement and motivation. This paper reviews the insights that emerge as research in these traditions comes into contact with work on innovation from sociological and political perspectives. It contributes by highlighting growing areas of research on user involvement in complex innovation, collective action, distributed innovation and transition management. To differing extents, these provide approaches to incorporate the motivations of different actors into theoretical understanding. These indicate new directions for research that promise to enrich understanding of innovation. L'innovation dans le cadre bâti implique de multiples acteurs aux motivations diverses. Les responsables politiques ont des difficultés à promouvoir des changements qui nécessitent une coopération de la part de ces acteurs nombreux et dispersés et à harmoniser leurs intérêts parfois divergents. Les traditions établies en matière de recherche concernant l'économie et la gestion de l'innovation ne portent qu'une attention limitée aux choix, à l'engagement et à la motivation des parties prenantes. Cet article examine les enseignements qui se dégagent lorsque les recherches sur ces traditions rencontrent des travaux sur l'innovation menés selon des perspectives sociologiques et politiques. L'apport de cet article consiste à mettre en évidence les domaines de recherche en expansion sur l'implication des utilisateurs dans des innovations complexes, des actions collectives, l'innovation répartie et la gestion des transitions. A des degrés différents, ces domaines de recherche fournissent des approches qui permettent d'intégrer les motivations des différents acteurs dans une compréhension théorique. Ceux-ci indiquent de nouvelles orientations pour la recherche qui promettent d'enrichir la compréhension de l'innovation. Mots clés: cadre bâti, conception, théorie de l'innovation, institutions, réseaux, parties prenantes, transitions

Multimodality and ethnography: working at the intersection

This special issue of Qualitative Research was produced in the context of a comparatively recent surge in qualitative ‘multimodal’ research. A number of scholars from diverse disciplinary and theoretical traditions have turned to multimodality in their endeavours to understand everyday communication and interaction in contemporary social life, often foregrounding certain tensions with more established research traditions, such as ethnography. In this issue, we focus on the methodological and theoretical implications of bringing multimodality and ethnography into dialogue with each other – a development that, we think, throws up some provocative issues for qualitative research methodology. These include questions about the ‘epistemological compatibility’ of different approaches, when each carries particular theoretical and methodological histories and associations, and what might be gained and lost in endeavours to bring together their respective descriptive and analytic conventions.

Qualitative methodologies in health‐care priority setting research

Priority setting research in health economics has traditionally employed quantitative methodologies and been informed by post-positivist philosophical assumptions about the world and the nature of knowledge. These approaches have been rewarded with well-developed and validated tools. However, it is now commonly noted that there has been limited uptake of economic analysis into actual priority setting and resource allocation decisions made by health-care systems. There seem to be substantial organizational and political barriers. The authors argue in this paper that understanding and addressing these barriers will depend upon the application of qualitative research methodologies. Some efforts in this direction have been attempted; however these are theoretically under-developed and seldom rooted in any of the established qualitative research traditions. Two such approaches - narrative inquiry and discourse analysis - are highlighted here. These are illustrated with examples drawn from a real-world priority setting study. The examples demonstrate how such conceptually powerful qualitative traditions produce distinctive findings that offer unique insight into organizational contexts and decision-maker behavior. We argue that such investigations offer untapped benefits for the study of organizational priority setting and thus should be pursued more frequently by the health economics research community.