Established Relationship Research Articles

Disclosing Sexual Dysfunction in Newly Established Romantic Relationships: An Experimental Test of Five Strategies from the Revelation Risk Model

ABSTRACT Guided by the revelation risk model, we conducted an online experiment (N = 400) to assess five strategies (i.e. initiate, response, third-person disclosure, humor, evidence) used to hypothetically disclose two types of sexual dysfunction (SD) – vulvovaginal pain (VVP) and erectile dysfunction (ED) – in romantic relationships of six months or less. Results indicated that relationship investment varied depending on the SD disclosed, such that participants who imagined that their partner disclosed ED were less invested than those who imagined that their partner disclosed VVP. Results also indicated that intention to continue the relationship varied depending on the SD disclosed and strategy used, such that participants who imagined that their partner disclosed VVP were most likely to intend to continue their relationship when their partner responded to a reference to their SD, whereas participants who imagined that their partner disclosed ED were most likely to intend to continue their relationship when their partner left behind evidence of their SD. Theoretical and practical insights that advance our understanding of disclosing SD in newly established romantic relationships and disclosure theorizing are offered.

Unveiling Community Needs and Aspirations: Card Sorting as a Research Method for Developing Digital Learning Spaces

<p style="text-align:justify">This pilot study is part of a larger “Decolonization of Digital Learning Spaces” project, which aims to develop research tools for communities that are remote and/or excluded geographically, politically, economically, socially, culturally, and linguistically. The project’s ultimate goal is to work alongside these communities to design their own digital learning tools, networks, and online educational environments by accessing and leveraging their knowledge and skills. Testing the single-criterion card sorting method is the first step toward this goal. Card sorting is an easy, enjoyable, and cost-effective method for data collection and analysis, particularly for researchers working in remote areas with limited access to electricity or the Internet. The pilot explored single-criterion card sorting as a method to elicit knowledge from two diverse cultural and linguistic groups engaged in learning activities within their communities. These groups were from a Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) community in Canada (engaged in a bow-making workshop) and a rural Kabyle community in Algeria (engaged in a traditional cooking lesson). Despite low participant numbers, distinct patterns emerged, indicating the method's effectiveness. The results, though anticipated, were non-random, demonstrating the potential of card sorting in producing patterns indicative of how individuals and/or communities categorize their world(s). Kabyle sortings focused on ingredients, highlighting older individuals as teachers passing along knowledge, while the DHH sortings emphasized face-to-face contact and hand movements in communication. The findings, though modest, established relationships, provided insights into the research context and offered logistical understanding, paving the way for further work with DHH and Kabyle communities towards the design of digital learning spaces.</p>

Screening Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovitis Effective Ingredients of Total Flavonoid From Artemisia argyi Folium Based on Spectrum-Effect Relationship.

Flavonoids are the main nonvolatile component responsible for the anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovitis activities of Artemisia argyi Folium. However, the effective ingredient remains unidentified. Spectrum-effect relationships analysis was a reliable and efficient strategy for herbal effective ingredient discovery. This study aimed to screen the effective ingredients within the total flavonoid from Artemisia argyi Folium (TFAA) that exhibit anti-RA synovitis activities based on spectrum-effect relationship. TFAA was obtained through ethanol extraction and subsequent purification with D101 resin from 15 distinct batches of Artemisia argyi Folium. The fingerprint of TFAA was established using HPLC, and its efficacy against RA synovitis was evaluated by determining the inhibition rate of nitric oxide (NO) on MH7A synovioblast induced by TNF-α. Common peaks were identified using HPLC-MS/MS and authentic standards. The spectrum-effect relationships between the fingerprints and efficacy were analyzed by gray relational analysis (GRA), canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR) to pinpoint the peaks responsible for the anti-RA synovitis activity, and the results were further verified by invitro anti-RA synovitis experiments and molecular docking studies. The fingerprint revealed 14 common peaks, and 12 compounds were identified, including four caffeoylquinic acids and eight flavonoids. Among them, five flavonoids-X10 (hispidulin), X11 (jaceosidin), X12 (centaureidin), X13 (eupatilin), and X14 (casticin)-were highly relevant to anti-RA synovitis activity. Verification experiments confirmed their inhibitory effect on NO production and cytokine secretion in MH7A cells, showing anti-RA synovitis potential, which was consistent with the established spectrum effect relationship. The underlying mechanism might be related to the inhibition of iNOS. Hispidulin, jaceosidin, centaureidin, eupatilin, and casticin were the key effective ingredient of TFAA responsible for its anti-RA synovitis effects. These compounds can serve as quality control markers for Artemisia argyi Folium and as lead compounds for anti-RA synovitis treatment.

Resilience to psychosocial stress and epigenetic aging in schizophrenia: findings from a pilot study.

Exposure to stress is known to affect biological aging as well as individuals' susceptibility to a wide variety of mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia. There is an established relationship between the onset of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and biological aging. On the other hand, epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), are used as biomarkers for biological aging and were previously proven to be altered in schizophrenia. However, previous research did not consider the effect of psychosocial resilience to stress and its effect on aging in schizophrenia, which is what our study aims to address. For our pilot study, 65 schizophrenia patients were recruited and stress exposure and perception levels were assessed using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), respectively. Moreover, DNA was extracted from venous blood samples and 850,000 CpG loci were assessed for DNA methylation analysis. Average age of participants was 43.15 ± 13.32 years (55.4% male, 44.6% female). Linear regression plots showed significant correlation between SRRS and PSS scores as well as between biological and chronological ages (p < 0.05). The residuals from the two regression models were defined as the psychosocial resilience and DNAm age acceleration, respectively. Interestingly, DNAm age acceleration was inversely correlated with resilience to stress (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it appears that epigenetic age acceleration is associated with reduced resilience to stress in schizophrenia patients. Future studies should focus on establishing resilience effect on disease prognosis.

The Literary Structure and Schematic Clauses in 1 En. 72:8–32

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the literary structure of 1 En. 72:8–32, which contains numerical data regarding the changing duration of day and night within the structure of the 364-day year. The central literary section of each month provides the reader with information about the changing length of day and night. The schematic clauses have been analyzed in the context of two Babylonian texts: Tablet BM 17175 + 17284 and Tablet XIV of the Enūma Anu Enlil astrological series. The redactional insertion in v. 27 has been compared with MUL.APIN II i 17, which contains the same information about the sun, but couched in a different terminology. The analysis demonstrates the process of appropriation, reinterpretation, and modification of schematic astronomical knowledge of Babylonian origin, as evidenced by the established relationship between the early form of Babylonian schematic astronomy and chapter 72 of 1 Enoch.

Assessment of Physicochemical attributes and variation in mass volume of Himalayan pears: Computer vision-based modeling

The current study attempts to examine the physicochemical properties of Himalayan pears and envision the relationship between mass and volume with various physical properties. These properties are measured using image processing techniques at different storage days (1st day, 4th day, 7th day, 10th day, and 13th day). The study employs both single and multivariable regression models, including linear, quadratic, rational, and exponential models to establish predictive relationships. Among the single variable models, the length-based linear and rational models demonstrated exceptional suitability for envisioning the mass and volume of pears, achieving higher R2 values of 0.92 and 0.90, respectively. For mass and volume prediction considering combined physical properties, the rational and exponential models exhibited the best fit with higher R2 values of 0.94 and 0.91, accompanied by low RMSE values of 0.217 and 0.141. Consequently, the established relationship between the mass and volume of Himalayan pears with its physical attributes contributes to the development of a faster, more authentic, and accurate grading system.

Exploring Acceptance of Agro-Biomass as Innovative Solution for Heating in Rural Areas in Romania

This paper aims to examine what can predict the adoption of agro-biomass as an innovative heating solution in rural areas. It explores the social acceptance of agro-biomass such as agriculture byproducts for heating in a rural context. The objectives are threefold: (1) to examine if there is a causal relationship between awareness and knowledge of agro-biomass applications for heating and intention to adopt this solution; (2) to investigate the extent to which perceived local drivers as well as barriers associated with agro-biomass utilization influence the intention to adopt this heating solution; and (3) to determine if knowledge about agro-biomass energy use, as well as political barriers to agro-biomass adoption for heating, play a mediating and/or moderating role in the established causal relationships. This paper uses primary data collected from rural residents located in different geographic areas in Romania. The 673 valid responses were analysed through multiple regression and mediation and moderation tests. The results confirm that awareness, knowledge, and perception of local drivers and of political barriers are positive predictors of intention to adopt agro-biomass as an innovative solution for heating. They also confirm the mediating role of knowledge and the moderating role of political barriers in the established relationships.

A physics-informed neural network method for identifying parameters and predicting remaining life of fatigue crack growth

Predicting the remaining life of fatigue cracks is crucial for planning maintenance and repair strategies to prevent untoward incidents. This paper proposes a novel physics-informed neural network (PINN) method for identifying parameters and predicting remaining fatigue crack growth life (FCGL). Initially, the relationship between crack length and fatigue cycles is established through a neural network, and the gradient of fatigue cycles with respect to crack length is obtained by automatic differentiation. Subsequently, a composite loss function is designed to incorporate this gradient within the confines of physical knowledge, ensuring that the established relationship not only aligns with observed data but also adheres to physical knowledge. Furthermore, during the network training, the parameters in physical models are simultaneously updated to better conform to the individuality of the monitored subject. All predicted remaining FCGLs fall within the 1.5 times error band. Compared to purely data-driven or physics-based methods, the proposed method offers more robust and accurate predictions of remaining FCGLs.

Reducing Total Dissolved Gas and Gas Bubble Trauma in a Regulated River

When water is spilled over dams, atmospheric gases can become entrained, resulting in supersaturated water. Total dissolved gas (TDG) &gt; 110% saturation can cause gas bubble trauma (GBT) in fish. The negative effects of GBT include increased buoyancy, decreased swimming performance, and possible mortality. The lower Clark Fork River (LCFR) in Idaho frequently has TDG &gt; 110% saturation due to the spill at Cabinet Gorge Dam as well as from upstream facilities. Spillway crests on Cabinet Gorge Dam were modified to reduce TDG production and the potential harm from GBT. To evaluate the effectiveness of spillway crest modifications, relationships between river discharge and measured TDG were developed pre- and post-modification and used to calculate the predicted TDG in the LCFR pre- and post-modification under two spill season discharge scenarios. The predicted TDG for the scenarios was used with an established TDG-GBT relationship for the LCFR to estimate the expected GBT incidence. Generally, TDG was lower post-modification, and the discharge at which 110% and 120% saturation were exceeded increased by about 198 m3/s. Modification also reduced the number of days with elevated TDG. The lower TDG post-modification resulted in significant (p &lt; 0.05) reductions in the probability of observing GBT. The modification of Cabinet Gorge Dam spillway crests reduced TDG production over a range of discharges and has resulted in improved conditions for fish downstream of the dam.

Analysis of the Effects of Ionic Liquid Properties on Electrospray Thruster Performance.

Ionic liquids (ILs) have proven extremely useful for a wide variety of roles, including as propellants for electrospray thrusters (ETs), due to their unique physical and chemical properties, as well as the potential tunability of those properties, through chemical engineering. However, there is a lack of literature exploring the effects of IL properties on ET operation. This paper presents experimental results investigating key physical properties of the common ILs 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMI-TFSI), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (BMI-TFO), EAN, and Bmpyr-DCA not provided by manufacturers or reported in the literature, namely, their electrochemical stability windows (ESWs) and contact angles. Cyclic voltammetry experiments were employed to define the ESW of each IL, which is necessary for long-term ET operation while avoiding chemical breakdown. Contact-angle measurements were also conducted to study the wettability of the ILs on glass surfaces to be used for ET thruster substrates [Howell, J. H.; . J. Electrost. 2023, 122, 103799]. In addition, an analytical discussion is presented using established parametric relationships and scaling laws to examine the effects of relevant IL physical properties, such as surface tension and ion molecular weights, on ET performance. The results demonstrate the relative impact of IL properties on important ET figures of merit such as thrust density, power density, and specific impulse, which provide key insights into the future development of novel ILs specifically tailored for use as ET propellants.

Brain morphometry and chronic inflammation in Bangladeshi children growing up in extreme poverty

Abstract Over three hundred million children live in environments of extreme poverty, and the biological and psychosocial hazards endemic to these environments often expose these children to infection, disease, and inflammatory responses. Chronic inflammation in early childhood has been associated with diminished cognitive outcomes, and despite this established relationship, the mechanisms explaining how inflammation affects brain development are not well known. Importantly, the prevalence of chronic inflammation in areas of extreme poverty raises the possibility that it may also serve as a mechanism explaining the known relationship between low socioeconomic status (SES) and altered brain development. To examine these potential pathways, seventy-nine children growing up in an extremely poor, urban area of Bangladesh underwent MRI scanning at 6 years of age. Structural brain images were submitted to Mindboggle software, a Docker-compliant and high-reproducibility tool for regional estimations of volume, surface area, cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and mean curvature. C-reactive protein was assayed at eight time points between infancy and 5 years of age, and the frequency with which children had elevated concentrations of inflammatory marker represented the measure of chronic inflammation. Childhood SES was measured with maternal education and income-to-needs (i.e., monthly household income divided by the number of household members). Chronic inflammation predicted volume in bilateral basal ganglia structures and mediated the link between maternal education and bilateral putamen volumes. These findings suggest that chronic inflammation is associated with brain morphometry in the basal ganglia, predominantly the putamen, and further offers inflammation as a potential mechanism linking SES to brain development.

Strengthening behaviors and strength differential effect of nano-ZrB2-particle/AA6xxx alloy composites

This paper reports the correlation between strengthening behaviors and strength differential effect of nano-ZrB2-particle/AA6xxx alloy composites. The microstructures were characterized and mechanical properties of composites were investigated. This study examines the different strengthening behaviors under tension and compression. The changes of strain direction surrounding the nano-ZrB2 particles during the plastic deformation were analyzed with the aid of finite element analysis. The distribution of rotation angles of the strain directions indicates a different symmetric characteristic in compression and tension. The established relationship between strength differential effect and strengthening behaviors suggests that the asymmetry of strain surrounding the nano-ZrB2 particles during the deformation is responsible for the strength differential effect.

Contribution of controlling to the business success of a company in the example of Pevex

Controlling, as an advisory function of management, reflects on the quality of company management at the strategic, tactical and operational levels. To a large extent, it contributes to the timely and quick reaction of the management to changes inside and outside the organization and thus minimizes risks and optimizes operations. At the same time, the application of appropriate controlling instruments affects the efficiency and effectiveness of business operations. The purpose of the research was to determine the role and contribution of controlling in the stabilization of Pevex’s operations after restructuring, as well as management’s perception and the role of controlling instruments in operations. In order to examine the established relationships, research was conducted using the semi-interview method with company management and analysis of f inancial statements and selected business financial indicators, as well as SWOT and TOWS analysis. The results of the research showed that there is a significant role and contribution of controlling in the stabilization of business after the restructuring of Pevex. Controlling greatly contributed to the adjustment of the business strategy, which affected business indicators measured by liquidity, profitability, economy, profitability and indebtedness. Management’s perception is that the use of controlling instruments contributes to the organization’s management processes and the achievement of the organization’s set goals. Based on information from the company itself, the controlling system at Pevex is presented, its contribution to management in making business decisions, and recommendations for further development are given. Primary data sources from the company itself and secondary data sources (annual financial reports) were used for the analysis.

Amine headgroups in ionizable lipids drive immune responses to lipid nanoparticles by binding to the receptors TLR4 and CD1d.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most clinically advanced delivery vehicle for RNA therapeutics, partly because of established lipid structure-activity relationships focused on formulation potency. Yet such knowledge has not extended to LNP immunogenicity. Here we show that the innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by LNPs are linked to their ionizable lipid chemistry. Specifically, we show that the amine headgroups in ionizable lipids drive LNP immunogenicity by binding to Toll-like receptor 4 and CD1d and by promoting lipid-raft formation. Immunogenic LNPs favour a type-1 T-helper-cell-biased immune response marked by increases in the immunoglobulins IgG2c and IgG1 and in the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor, interferon γ and the interleukins IL-6 and IL-2. Notably, the inflammatory signals originating from these receptors inhibit the production of anti-poly(ethylene glycol) IgM antibodies, preventing the often-observed loss of efficacy in the LNP-mediated delivery of siRNA and mRNA. Moreover, we identified computational methods for the prediction of the structure-dependent innate and adaptive responses of LNPs. Our findings may help accelerate the discovery of well-tolerated ionizable lipids suitable for repeated dosing.

A-100 Clinical Utility of Measuring Creatine Concentration in Erythrocyte

Abstract Background Shortened erythrocyte lifespan characterizes hemolytic anemia and impacts HbA1c values. Recently, erythrocyte creatine concentration (EC) measurement emerged as a new method to assess erythrocyte lifespan. However, literature reports conflicting findings regarding the association between erythrocyte lifespan and EC concentration. In our study, we noted low EC concentrations in renal diseases, typically linked to short erythrocyte lifespan, while iron deficiency anemia exhibited high EC concentrations. This contradicts established relationships, prompting a reevaluation of EC concentration assessment. The aim is to evaluate the clinical utility of EC concentration measurements by correlating them with various clinical parameters, including hematopoietic status. Methods EC concentrations were measured in 522 subjects (252 females, 270 males) aged 19 to 95 at Kawasaki Medical School Hospital. Medical records and laboratory test results from around one month before and after blood collection were used to create a database. Box-and-whisker plots illustrated EC concentration distribution for each disease, and scatter plots compared EC concentrations with laboratory parameters. Results EC concentrations were lower in renal diseases like Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease but higher in iron deficiency anemia (Fig. 1). Moreover, EC concentrations rose as hemoglobin concentrations declined, unaffected by CKD grade (Fig. 2). Conclusions While conventionally, high EC concentrations imply a short erythrocyte lifespan, our study noted the opposite trend. EC concentrations might not indicate erythrocyte lifespan but instead reflect hemoglobin synthesis. Investigating EC concentration's relationship with factors like iron and vitamin B12 involved in hemoglobin synthesis may unveil new clinical applications.

Changes in Chlamydia trachomatis risk before and after union formation and separation among women of reproductive age.

Not having an established relationship is associated with an elevated risk of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection, but this might reflect selection into and out of unions. Although union formation and union separation are common events in reproductive age, little is known about changes in CT risk before and after these transitions. We linked Finnish Population Register data to the National Register of Infectious Diseases and used fixed-effects linear probability models that account for all time-invariant confounders to examine changes in women's 6-month CT risk 3 years before and 3 years after entry into first cohabitation (n = 293554), non-marital separation (n = 201647) or marital separation (n = 92232) during 2005-14. From 3 years to 1 year before first union formation, the 6-month risk of CT increased slightly, peaking at 1.27% immediately prior to union formation (95% confidence interval 1.22-1.31). It declined sharply following union formation, being only 0.40% (0.34-0.46) 6-12 months after union formation with little changes thereafter. Among women separating from non-marital unions, the risk increased from 0.50% (0.42-0.57) to 1.45% (1.40-1.49) around the time of separation and decreased following separation. The pattern of findings was relatively similar for marital separation, although the observed risks and changes were smaller in magnitude. Our results based on longitudinal data and individual fixed-effects models indicate that the period immediately after separation may be causally associated with an elevated risk of CT. This suggests that recently separated women should be identified as a high-risk group for CT.

Predicting strain energy causing soil liquefaction

Liquefaction, which typically occurs in saturated sandy soil deposits, is one of the destructive phenomena that can occur during an earthquake. When the soil reaches liquefied state, it loses a significant amount of resistance and stiffness, which often results in widespread catastrophic damages. Therefore, accurate evaluating the potential of soil liquefaction occurrence is of great importance in earthquake geotechnical designs in regions prone to this phenomenon. The strain energy-based approach is a novel robustness technique to evaluate liquefaction potential. In the current research, 165 laboratory data sets from cyclic experiments were collected and analyzed. A predictive model using gene expression programming (GEP) was proposed to assess strain energy needed for occurrence of soil liquefaction. Assessing physical behavior of developed GEP-based model was conducted through sensitivity analysis. Performance of GEP-based was validated by comparing with a series of centrifuge experiments and cyclic triaxial tests results. Subsequently, after experimental verification of numerical modeling, the strain energy required for soil liquefaction under cyclic loading at different conditions were numerically evaluated and compared with the strain energy calculated by proposed model. Finally, the developed GEP-based model was compared with established strain energy-based relationships. The results indicated high precision of proposed GEP-based model in determination of strain energy required for soil liquefaction triggering.

The effect of residual mechanical stresses and vacancy defects on the diffusion expansion of the damaged layer during irradiation of BeO ceramics

The paper presents the results of a study on the application of Raman and UV spectroscopy methods to determine the structural damage kinetics in the near-surface layer of BeO ceramics caused by high-dose irradiation with He2+ ions. Interest in this type of ceramics is due to the combination of its structural and thermophysical parameters, making these ceramics one of the promising classes of materials for microelectronics and structural materials for nuclear reactors, with the possibility of operation in conditions of heightened radiation background. According to the conducted studies, it was established that with the irradiation fluence growth, changes in the nature of deformation structural distortions associated with the accumulation of residual mechanical stresses of tensile and compressive types are observed. At irradiation fluences of 1016-5×1016 Не2+/cm2, tensile stresses play a dominant role in structural distortions, while the value of compressive stresses at fluence growth makes up a small share in the overall nature of the deformations. Moreover, an elevation in the irradiation fluence above 5×1016 He2+/cm2 leads to a rise in the concentration of defects caused by the formation of oxygen vacancies, as well as He-VO type complexes, the presence of which is indicated by the halo intensity growth in the Raman spectra, as well as a change in the intensity of the absorption bands. Analysis of changes in thermophysical parameters revealed that a rise in structural distortions associated with the accumulation of complex defects results in thermal conductivity reduction and a deterioration in heat transfer processes associated with partial amorphization of the damaged layer. Moreover, the established direct relationship between the value of residual mechanical stresses and the degradation of thermal conductivity indicates the cumulative effect of destructive changes caused by irradiation, as well as the influence of diffusion mechanisms on the damaged layer thickness growth.

Adaptation of the RESPECT framework to prevent violence against women, Indonesia.

Violence against women is a global health problem. Effectively preventing such violence requires locally adapted strategies. The World Health Organization in Indonesia, in collaboration with United Nations (UN) Population Fund, UN Women, United Nations Children's Fund, United Nations Development Programme and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, launched capacity-building initiatives to introduce RESPECT as an evidence-based framework to address violence against women. The initiatives included stakeholder engagement, module development, sensitization training, a workshop and evaluation sessions. These sessions introduced RESPECT strategies to government officials, UN officers and community representatives, mapped best practices and developed action plans. Indonesia has a substantial burden of violence against women, despite numerous laws and policies to combat it. The 2021 Indonesian violence against women survey showed that 26.1% (3341/12 800) of women aged 15-64 years had experienced violence in their lifetime, with 8.7% (1114/12 800) experiencing violence in the past year. The initiatives to introduce RESPECT led to securing government support, and verbal commitment was given by the Director for the Protection of Women's Rights against Domestic Violence and Vulnerability to integrate RESPECT into the 2025-2029 National Development Plan and National Strategy for Reducing Violence Against Women. RESPECT can be adapted to local contexts through customization and capacity-building and by ensuring initial government support, dedicated personnel, resource allocation and use of established relationships with key stakeholders. Improved research, monitoring and evaluation are vital to promote evidence-informed decision-making, together with community engagement and multistakeholder collaboration. The UN can facilitate these efforts.

Structure-Reactivity Relationships in a Small Library of Imine-Type Dynamic Covalent Materials: Determination of Rate and Equilibrium Constants Enables Model Prediction and Validation of a Unique Mechanical Softening in Dynamic Hydrogels.

The development of next generation soft and recyclable materials prominently features dynamic (reversible) chemistries such as host-guest, supramolecular, and dynamic covalent. Dynamic systems enable injectability, reprocessability, and time-dependent mechanical properties. These properties arise from the inherent relationship between the rate and equilibrium constants (RECs) of molecular junctions (cross-links) and the resulting macroscopic behavior of dynamic networks. However, few examples explicitly measure RECs while exploring this connection between molecular and material properties, particularly for polymeric hydrogel systems. Here we use dynamic covalent imine formation to study how single-point compositional changes in NH2-terminated nucleophiles affect binding constants and resulting hydrogel mechanical properties. We explored both model small molecule studies and model polymeric macromers, and found >3-decade change in RECs. Leveraging established relationships in the literature, we then developed a simple model to describe the cross-linking equilibrium and predict changes in hydrogel mechanical properties. Interestingly, we observed that a narrow ≈2-decade range of Keq's determine the bound fraction of imines. Our model allowed us to uncover a regime where adding cross-linker before saturation can decrease the cross-link density of a hydrogel. We then demonstrated the veracity of this predicted behavior experimentally. Notably this emergent behavior is not accounted for in covalent hydrogel theory. This study expands upon structure-reactivity relationships for imine formation, highlighting how quantitative determination of RECs facilitates predicting macroscopic behavior. Furthermore, while the present study focuses on dynamic covalent imine formation, the underlying principles of this work are applicable to the general bottom-up design of soft and recyclable dynamic materials.