Established Discipline Research Articles

Implant Dentistry: A journey from the beginnings to what has become an established discipline.

Implant Dentistry: A journey from the beginnings to what has become an established discipline.

Nano Revolution: Smart Therapeutics Unleash with Nanomaterials

Nanotechnology explores substances and technologies organized at the nanoscale level, measuring one billionth of a meter in at least one dimension. This field of study encompasses both science and engineering1. At these scales, the individual molecules and interacting groups of molecules play a crucial role in determining the bulk macroscopic properties of materials or devices. The ability to manage the fundamental molecular structure grants control over the macroscopic chemical and physical properties2. In the realms of physiology and medicine, there are intriguing applications involving substances and tools designed to precisely interact with the body at subcellular or molecular dimensions. These advancements hold promise for targeted interventions and therapies, ushering in a new era of precision medicine. This may result in tailored, tissue- and cell-specific clinical applications that aim to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing adverse consequences. The scientific and technological dimensions of nanotechnology, are accompanied by an exploration of potential therapeutic applications. It is essential to recognize that nanotechnology does not exist in isolation; rather, it emerges from the synergistic convergence of established disciplines such as biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science. This interdisciplinary approach provides the foundational knowledge necessary for advancing these cutting-edge technologies.

A bibliometric analysis of non-coding RNA studies in acute pancreatitis.

Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a type of RNA that does not code for proteins and plays a crucial role in the onset, progression, diagnosis, and therapy of acute pancreatitis. However, bibliometric, and visual analyses of studies on acute pancreatitis and ncRNA are lacking. This study seeks to provide a bibliometric overview of the knowledge structure and research hotspots of ncRNA in the field of acute pancreatitis research. Literature search and collection of information in the field of ncRNA-related research in acute pancreatitis from 2000-2023 through the Web of Science Core Collection. Use CiteSpace and VOSviewer to visually analyze countries, institutions, authors, and keywords. A total of 563 articles have been published in the field of ncRNA-related research in acute pancreatitis, and the number of publications in this field is gradually increasing. The largest number of publications was from China. Four clusters were produced by the co-occurrence cluster analysis of the top 89 keywords: studies of ncRNA in inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis in acute pancreatitis; studies related to microRNA expression in pancreatic cancer among ncRNA; studies related to microRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic markers in acute pancreatitis; and studies related to ncRNA in acute pancreatitis; The key words "injury," "pathway" and "extracellular vesicles" are the key words of emerging research hotspots. In conclusion, ncRNA research in acute pancreatitis is an established discipline. Researchers can use the research hotspots and frontiers in this field as a guide for choosing their research direction.

Computational social science is growing up: why puberty consists of embracing measurement validation, theory development, and open science practices

Puberty is a phase in which individuals often test the boundaries of themselves and surrounding others and further define their identity – and thus their uniqueness compared to other individuals. Similarly, as Computational Social Science (CSS) grows up, it must strike a balance between its own practices and those of neighboring disciplines to achieve scientific rigor and refine its identity. However, there are certain areas within CSS that are reluctant to adopt rigorous scientific practices from other fields, which can be observed through an overreliance on passively collected data (e.g., through digital traces, wearables) without questioning the validity of such data. This paper argues that CSS should embrace the potential of combining both passive and active measurement practices to capitalize on the strengths of each approach, including objectivity and psychological quality. Additionally, the paper suggests that CSS would benefit from integrating practices and knowledge from other established disciplines, such as measurement validation, theoretical embedding, and open science practices. Based on this argument, the paper provides ten recommendations for CSS to mature as an interdisciplinary field of research.

Global Phenomenon: The Millennial Generation is Trapped by Sandwich Generation in Indonesia

This study is a theoretical exploration of the global phenomenon related to the millennial generation trapped in the sandwich generation. The term sandwich generation, was first introduced by Dorothy Miller in her paper entitled "The Sandwich Generation Adult Children Of the Aging" in 1981. In theory, the sandwich generation is a group of adults aged 30-40 years who take care not only of their children but also of their children parents. Be it physically, emotionally or financially. Caring for elderly parents or children also has a negative impact on a person's physical and mental health, moreover the care and treatment is carried out intensively. The approach used in this study is a descriptive approach adopted from descriptive and analytical qualitative research methods, by using library data and documentation. This feature contains a detailed description, critical and comparative thinking, as well as a systematic evaluation of the available data relating to the subject matter. In addition, the research methods used can also be described as interdisciplinary. It can thus help create a unique perspective for tackling a chosen topic by thinking and analyzing across the traditional boundaries that define an established academic discipline.

PETA PEMAHAMAN ILMU USHULUL FIQH JALALUDDIN AS-SUYUTHI DALAM KITAB AL-ASYBAH WA AN-NADHAIR

The science of ushul fiqh occupies a very important position in the science of Sharia because it has a very large role in takhrij al-ahkam al-islamiyyah. The science of ushul fiqh stood as an established scientific discipline in the hands of Imam Syafi’i. He made the science of ushul fiqh interesting to study or carry out a multidisciplinary approach. To understand the scientific framework of ushul fiqh, the author will formulate a map of understanding the science of ushul fiqh Jalaluddin as-Suyuthi in his work al-Asybah wa an-Nadhair. This article aims to find out the map of understanding the science of ushulul fiqh Jalaluddin as-Suyuthi in the book al-Asybah wa an-Nadhair from the aspect of the object of knowledge, the process of obtaining knowledge, and the benefits of knowledge. This article is qualitative library research using a philosophy of science approach from ontology, epistemology, and axiology. The subjects of this study were Imam Jalaluddin as-Suyuthi and the book al-Asybah wa an-Nadhair. Data will be collected using documentation techniques. The results of this study are from the ontology aspect, the main object of the study includes dalil, istidlal, and mustadil, while one follow-up object is the mass object (masail). From the aspect of epistemology, the process of knowing Imam as-Suyuthi regarding objects in the book al-Asybah wa an-Nadhair goes through three coherent stages, these stages are the heuristic stage, the critical stage, and the explanation stage. From an axiological aspect, this book deserves to be one of the main references in the science of ushul fiqh of the Shafi'i school, both for beginners and experts.

Neuroethics and cultural context: The case of electroconvulsive therapy in Argentina.

As neuroethics continues to grow as an established discipline, it has been charged with not being sufficiently sensitive to the way in which the identification, conceptualization, and management of the ethical issues raised by neuroscience and its applications are shaped by local systems of knowledge and structures. Recently there have been calls for explicit recognition of the role played by local cultural contexts and for the development of cross-cultural methodologies that can facilitate meaningful cultural engagement. In this article, we attempt to fill this perceived gap by providing a culturally situated analysis of the practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Argentina. ECT was introduced as a psychiatric treatment in Argentina in the 1930s but it is largely underutilized. While the use of ECT remains low in several countries, what makes the Argentinian case interesting is that the executive branch of government has taken a stance regarding both the scientific and moral appropriateness of ECT, recommending its prohibition. Here, we begin with a recent controversy over the use of ECT in Argentina and explain the legal recommendation to ban its application. Next, we offer an overview of some of the salient aspect of the international and local discussions on ECT. We argue that the governmental recommendation to ban the procedure should be rethought. While acknowledging the role that contexts and local conditions play in shaping the identification and assessment of the relevant ethical issues, we caution against using contextual and cultural considerations to avoid a necessary ethical debate on controversial issues.

Current perspectives on Learner Corpus Research

Learner Corpus Research (LCR) is a relative newcomer to the scene of research paradigms and methodologies within applied linguistics and second language acquisition (SLA) research. In addition to other types of data that have traditionally been used in SLA research, learner corpora provide large-scale principled collections of authentic, continuous and contextualized language use by foreign/second language (L2) learners that are stored in electronic format. They enable the systematic and (semi-)automatic extraction, visualization and analysis of large amounts of learner data in a way that was not possible before. Access to and analysis of learner corpus data is greatly facilitated by the digital medium, and the sheer quantity of data can help to explore SLA phenomena from non-experimental perspectives (Callies 2015). Although the majority of learner corpora may appear relatively small in size when compared to large reference corpora of several major European languages that comprise billions of words of text, they contain datasets for general use that are still many times larger than the oftentimes narrow(er) datasets collected in SLA research through more strictly controlled elicitation techniques. LCR as a field only emerged and became visible at the turn of the 1990s in the context of the popularization of corpus linguistics at large, but has rapidly evolved and grown in scope and sophistication over the past three to four decades. It now bears all signs of an established discipline: it has an academic journal, the International Journal of Learner Corpus Research, that has been publishing studies in LCR since 2013; two handbooks that survey the field and its links to the major neighbouring disciplines of corpus linguistics, SLA and language teaching (Granger, Gilquin and Meunier, eds., 2015; Tracy-Ventura and Paquot, eds., 2021); and a biennial, international conference that has been organised since 2011 under the aegis of the field’s own professional organisation, the Learner Corpus Association, officially founded in 2013. Because of its origin, LCR has initially been a relatively European-centred research field but has in the meantime made significant inroads into North America, South Africa (van Rooy 2019) and the Asia-Pacific region (Jung 2022). It is by now a vibrant and growing international community. This paper provides some perspectives on recent and current achievements and developments in the field, highlights several new trends and initiatives, but also discusses some challenges. The focus will be on LCR and the study of learner English.

What’s next? Some priorities for young planning scholars to tackle tomorrow’s complex challenges

ABSTRACT Many European planning schools recently celebrated their 50th anniversary: a sign that planning education became a distinct and established discipline in Europe. Simultaneously, political regimes, paradigms, cultures, and economies continue fuelling mixed connotations within the planning sector. Additionally, growing wicked problems in built areas emphasize an even greater need for well-trained planners. These challenges span climate crises, wars, authoritarian regimes, socio-political instability, and constantly changing global geopolitics. The increasingly complex demands on planners are highly pertinent for Young Academics (YA). They require political, regulatory, and technical knowledge to navigate the profession. To support them and represent their voices in planning debates, the YA network (YAN) of AESOP was established in 2003. We, the current Coordination Team, use this paper to voice our take on the question of what planning challenges dominate and what can be done to prepare YAs better for the future. Building on plenty discussions within the YAN, literature, and AESOP’s activities at large, we propose: A challenge compilation for the profession, a list of core capacities, and a framework for future education. This shall aid in enabling YAs and educators today to set the foundation for planning sustainable and people-centered settlements tomorrow.

Cosplay, Academia, and Me—Some Thoughts, and a Note on the Future

Cosplay, Academia, and Me—Some Thoughts, and a Note on the Future

Conservation genomics: Current applications and future directions.

In October 2021, during a fortuitous lull in the number of covid cases, over 150 masked and vaccinated conservation genomicists met at Snowbird, Utah, for AGA’s 2021 President’s Symposium (https://www.theaga.org/agatwentytwentyone). For many of us, this was our first travel in close to 2 yr and certainly the first attendance of a meeting of this size since the onset of the pandemic. The audience was primed with excitement to survey advances in the field of conservation ­genomics. Throughout 2 d of excellent talks, we explored adaptation to climate change, genetic monitoring and genetic rescue, genomics of disease, and conservation genomics in action. In the last decades, the field of conservation genomics has vastly increased our ability to address pressing questions about threats to biodiversity and to predict the likely outcomes of organisms responding to a changing world (Stefanoudis et al. 2021; Chen et al. 2022; Theissinger et al. 2023). The causes for these rapid advances in our field are many, including the types and amount of data we can now collect from species in the wild, the analytical advances that allow us to query responses at the scale of entire genomes, and the integration of data from different sources (e.g. environmental, historical, demographic) with genomic datasets to better inform conservation. These themes repeatedly emerged throughout the symposium talks and contributed papers and highlight how the synergy between them has so quickly moved conservation genetics from an established discipline focused on genetic variation to a new field of conservation genomics—one that aims to predict organismal responses to global change and propose management responses in that framework (Hogg et al. 2022; Andrews et al. 2023; Meek et al. 2023).

“The importance of integrating Smart Farming Technologies into Rural Policies (Aiming at sustainable rural development)- Stakeholders’ views”

Sustainable Rural Development involves eco-friendly management of Agricultural Systems while the research on Smart Farming Technologies (SFT) evolves towards that direction. A technology breakout such as Smart Farming, is lacking of feedback and network interactions, so Networking is crucial for knowledge accumulation and systems’ integration, thus, it embeds interaction between different elements, enhances feedback loops between them, integrates Research & Development and improves marketing practices. Rural development requires the insights of several established disciplines and needs to be connected to politics in order to achieve successful results, so this approach was applied. Moreover, if the goal is Sustainability, the interdisciplinarity of the involved scientists should assist policy decisions and be of use for Rural Strategic Planning. The equipment suppliers' participation in the planning of rural strategies should be explored due to the fact that the communication between them and policy makers does not always occur and their interests could conflict. Therefore, an empirical study was conducted among three groups of stakeholders- researchers, politicians and professionals in Greece; in order to explore the importance of implementing Smart Farming Technologies aiming at Sustainable Rural Development. Thematic and Content Analysis were applied. Then a Quantitative Analysis was performed in order to evaluate the stakeholders’ disagreement or consistency on their preferences in research orientation of SFTs’. The results not only indicated the challenges rural areas face in relation to the adoption of SFT, such as lack of strategic planning and necessary infrastructures, but also revealed the main reasons for underdevelopment and environmental degradation in Greece. Finally, the gap in communication and feedback between the stakeholders was confirmed. The results can be used by policy makers to customize their interventions based on the stakeholders’ priorities.

Systemic Spatial Design: Enhancing the potential of spatial design disciplines to navigate adaptive cycles in cities

Systems thinking—encompassing theories of complexity, emergence, self-organization, autopoiesis, adaptation, and complex adaptive systems—has recently informed innovative approaches to planning and design theory. Nonetheless, it has not radically influenced the disciplines related to spatial design—concerning the physical construction and transformation of the built environment—and these disciplines often struggle to address the complexity of the contexts in which they intervene. Although it is possible to identify spatial interventions that succeed in this sense, their designers do not explicitly connect their strategies to systems theories. In this respect, these interventions remain scattered good practices, but a theoretical framework that structures a systemic approach to spatial design disciplines has not yet been fully developed. For this reason, the present paper aims to accomplish three outcomes. One, to highlight the implications of systems thinking for spatial design disciplines. Two, to start framing a systemic approach to spatial design as “systemic spatial design.” Three, to show how this approach would benefit the established disciplines related to the modification and construction of the built environment—architecture, interior, urban, and landscape design—by enhancing their potential to proactively cooperate with site-specific emergent transformations and to virtuously intervene in spontaneous cycles of urban self-regeneration and decline. In this perspective, a multi-scale atlas is presented here as a transdisciplinary tool for place-specific systemic inquiry. This makes it possible to (a) explore cross-scale relationships in which specific spatial configurations are immersed; (b) frame them as parts of complex socio-spatial-environmental systems, (c) identify leverage points; and (d) monitor unpredictable cross-scale effects.

Representation and Construction of Discipline Knowledge Systems Based on Cognitive Sequence Relationship

For students, it’s an important but difficult thing to form a discipline knowledge system based on the sequence of cognition, and they would need teachers’ assistance for that. Therefore, how to arrange the scattered knowledge points in a sequence that conforms to the law of cognition, construct a complete discipline knowledge system, and help students attain, familiarize, absorb, and internalize the new knowledge in a scientific way are urgent issues to be solved for educationalists. To attempt to solve these questions, in a research background that the smart education has been applied and promoted widely, this paper took the finance discipline as an example to study the representation and construction of discipline knowledge system based on cognitive sequence. At first, this paper took a Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) based on complex rules as the Cognitive Sequence Relationship (CSR) construction algorithm for correcting contradictions in the CSR of knowledge points in the finance discipline knowledge system, gave the structure of the model for inferring the CSR of knowledge points in the finance discipline knowledge system, and adjusted the existing logical inference rules. Then, when building the CSR for the target discipline, this paper introduced a momentum factor σ into the network model to solve problems such as network oscillation and slow convergence. After that, the established finance discipline knowledge system was corrected to ensure that the old and new knowledge in the system could keep balance, and a fragment in the finance discipline knowledge dataset was introduced as an example. At last, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was verified by the experimental results.

Botanical Identification of Ayush - Ayurveda and Unani Drugs and its Relevance in Quality Control

India has an age-old tradition of plant based health-care in the form of Ayush-Ayurveda, and Unani Systems of medicine. Nearly eighty percent of the formulations under these systems are plant based. Almost ninety percent of the raw materials of medicinal plants used by the Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani (ASU) manufacturing units are sourced from the natural resources. Correct identification of a plant species is the most critical task, which demands application of knowledge and skill. The events of misidentification of the plant species, involuntary use of totally dissimilar species or by closely related inferior quality species can deter the therapeutic values and efficacy of the botanical drugs. Historically, the physician or the traditional healer was known to manage the whole supply chain, right from collection of herbs up to the preparation and dispensing of the medicine. The supply chain of crude drugs obtained from the medicinal plants has, however, become a multi-stakeholders activity, often lacks the botanical expertise to provide adequate documentation of the identification of plant materials whether wild-harvested or cultivated. The importance and different needs of plant collectors (WHO and NMPB guidelines) and manufacturers in regard to authentic botanical identification and its role in quality considerations; Quality Assurance (QA) are outlined and discussed. This review places emphasis on the importance of botanical identification, nomenclature, including its historical development and botany as a basic established discipline for valid identification of the plant origin drugs used in pharmacognostical research and quality control of the plant product.

Thematic patterns, Cognitive Discourse Functions, and genres

Abstract As CLIL is developing into an established discipline, it is timely to deepen the theorizing of integration of content and language, particularly in CLIL assessment. To illustrate the challenges, a representative example of a high-stakes CLIL biology assessment task in Hong Kong will first be presented. An Integrative Model for CLIL will then be proposed and applied to illuminate the demands of the assessment task and diagnose a sample student performance. The Integrative Model is developed by integrating genre and register theory (Martin & Rose, 2008), Cognitive Discourse Functions (Dalton-Puffer, 2013), thematic patterns theory (Lemke, 1990), Concept-and-Language-Mapping (CLM) Approach (He & Lin, 2019) and translanguaging/trans-semiotizing theories (Garcia & Li, 2014; Lin, 2019). To further illustrate the utility of the Model, a range of possible assessment-for-learning (Black et al., 2003) CLIL task examples designed by the authors will be presented. The article will conclude with implications for CLIL pedagogy and assessment.

Statistical engineering: Synergies with established engineering disciplines

This article explores the similarities and synergies between statistical engineering and established engineering disciplines. Statistical engineering is compared to the focus, process, and knowledge of established engineering disciplines and areas where synergies lie to the benefit of all engineering disciplines identified. Statistical engineering has the potential to help solve large unstructured engineering challenges to improve the planet.

An investigation into the current state of education in Design for Additive Manufacturing

ABSTRACT Additive Manufacturing (AM) has become an established discipline in both research and education. However, to achieve its full potential AM requires a step-change in design thinking, which makes Design for AM (DfAM) education and training crucial. This paper reports results from the first attempt to investigate the uptake of DfAM in higher education. This research required the development and administration of an articulated online survey, in which educators worldwide who teach AM and DfAM have participated. The results show that DfAM is taught in a considerable number of courses. However, the survey revealed that DfAM is seldom recognised as a distinct course or topic and the relevance attributed and proportion of teaching dedicated to DfAM within wider AM is typically marginal. DfAM is being mostly taught in North America and Europe and is also typically taught in institutions that are research active in AM or specifically DfAM, suggesting the subject has not yet reached maturity or diffusion into mainstream design and engineering curricula. It was interesting to find that currently, the contents of courses do not differ significantly between engineering and design programmes.

Good Data Science Practice: Moving Toward a Code of Practice for Drug Development

There is growing interest in data science and the challenges that scientists can solve through its application. The growing interest is in part due to the promise of “extracting value from data.” The pharmaceutical industry is no different in this regard reflected by the advancement and excitement surrounding data science. Data science brings new perspectives, new methods, new skill sets and the wider use of new data modalities. For example, there is a belief that extracting value from data integrated from multiple sources and modalities using advances in statistics, machine learning, informatics and computation can answer fundamental questions. These questions span a variety of themes including disease understanding, drug and target discovery, and trial design. By answering fundamental questions, we cannot only increase knowledge and understanding but more importantly inform decision making; accelerating drug development through data-driven prioritization, increasingly precise and accurate measurements, optimized trial designs and operational excellence. However, with the promise of data science, there are obstacles to overcome, especially if data science is to live up to this promise and deliver a positive impact. These obstacles include consensus on the definition of data science, the relationship between data science and existing fields such as statistics and computing science, what should be involved in the day-to-day practices of data science, and what is “good” practice. In this article, we cover these themes, highlighting issues with scientific practice from five perspectives and argue how advances in data science will not be immune, especially exploratory, investigative, and innovative activities. We propose a definition of data science as a coming together but also a refocusing of established disciplines leading to a framework for good practice. In doing so, we aim to begin a dialogue on good data science practice in the context of drug development, where there is no industry view or consensus.

Remapping Sound Studies

Remapping Sound Studies