Establish Secure Links Research Articles

A Secure Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol that Preserves Internet of Things (Iot) Modules

IoT systems need a high security to protect information exchanged between devices and users. Securing the information and providing authentication are the most significant features of end-user devices on vulnerable and open network infrastructure. Thus, it is more often and significant to reinforce and modernize the security protocol for IoT devices headed for security perception. The security concern of IoT devices can be fulfilled with effective cryptography algorithm techniques. Several private and public cryptography techniques provide an extensive choice of services to protect users’ information in the form of scrambled text, that can be authenticated only by authorized users or devices. Particularly, end user-device authentication is essential for the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT devices are linked via the internet and they are deployed in open and public places, which creates them susceptible activity by unauthorized agents. Thus, it is significant to design an effective and strong authentication protocol to protect the end user-device with affordable cost and rapid communication. In the proposed work, the linear matrix-based, block cipher cryptography protocol scheme is used. The protocol encrypts confidential data using cryptography to generate a different scenario of the same text. In contrast to simple block cipher algorithms based on linear matrix algorithms, symmetric cryptography reduces encryption time but is not concerned about security. The objective of the research paper is to establish secure links for endto-end communication with a proper and high speed authentication scheme.

Secure authenticated key exchange for WSNs in IoT applications

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are the key technological building block of Internet of Things (IoT), by which remote users can access the real-time data from the sensor nodes. Due to the openness and mobility of such network, it is essential to establish secure links for end-to-end communication with proper authentication. Although amount of research works in this area have been made, so far designing a secure and efficient authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocol for this setting is still an open topic. So, the authors in this paper design a two-factor AKE protocol using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) for WSNs in the context of IoT, allowing the end users and sensor nodes to exchange information directly after a secure link is established with the help of the corresponding gateway node. The heuristic security analysis has shown that the new protocol can provide various expected security attributes and resist various known attacks. Moreover, the performance study states that the new protocol is efficient enough and has certain efficiency advantages in the aspects of computation and communication costs compared with the same type of ECC-based AKE protocols for IoT applications.

Feasibility of satellite-to-ground continuous-variable quantum key distribution

Establishing secure communication links at a global scale is a major potential application of quantum information science but also extremely challenging for the underlying technology. Although milestone experiments using satellite-to-ground links and exploiting singe-photon encoding for implementing quantum key distribution have shown recently that this goal is achievable, it is still necessary to further investigate practical solutions compatible with classical optical communication systems. Here, we examine the feasibility of establishing secret keys in a satellite-to-ground downlink configuration using continuous-variable encoding, which can be implemented using standard telecommunication components certified for space environment and able to operate at high symbol rates. Considering a realistic channel model and state-of-the-art technology, and exploiting an orbit subdivision technique for mitigating fluctuations in the transmission efficiency, we find positive secret key rates for a low-Earth-orbit scenario, whereas finite-size effects can be a limiting factor for higher orbits. Our analysis determines regions of values for important experimental parameters where secret key exchange is possible and can be used as a guideline for experimental efforts in this direction.

A Robust and Lightweight Key Management Protocol for WSNs in Distributed IoT Applications

To maintain the reliable connectivity and the accessibility of distributed IoT, it is vital to establish secure links for end-to-end communication with a robust pervasive communication mechanism. However, due to the resource constraints and heterogeneous characteristics of the sensor devices, traditional authentication and key management schemes are not effective for such applications. Here, we propose a pervasive lightweight authentication and keying mechanism for WSNs in distributed IoT applications in which the sensor nodes can establish secure links with peer sensor nodes and end-users. The established authentication scheme is based on implicit certificates, and it provides application-level end-to-end security. A comprehensive description of the scenario based behaviour of the protocol is presented. With the performance evaluation and the security analysis, it is justified that the proposed scheme is viable to deploy in the resource constrained WSNs.

Design and Performance Analysis of Sensor Proxy-AAA Authentication Scheme Based on Fast Handover and Forwarding Mode for IP-based Internet of Things

Recently interest in Internet of Things (IoT) is increasing, and a variety of the security technologies that are suitable for Internet of Things has being studied. In order to main tain the trustworthy connectivity and the accessibility of distributed IoT, it is important to establish secure links f

INDICADORES DE LA CALIDAD DEL PROCESO DE ACOGIMIENTO FAMILIAR

Abstract:INDICATORS OF THE QUALITY OF THE FOSTER CAREOne of the difficulties in choosing the families who come to foster care is related to the lack of studies that indicate the features needed to support optimal integrated development of children in foster care and also help in the process both the family as the child to generate the necessary resources. The sample consisted of 53 families with 80 children in foster care for three years. The aim was to identify characteristics that allow promote the development of the child. The results underline the importance of establishing secure links between the child and the foster family, the integration of the child in the foster family (the emergence of a sense of belonging), the existence of children in the foster family and a sense of satisfaction with welcoming, by the foster family.Keywords: Foster family, bonding, integration, development.Resumen:Una de las dificultades en la selección de las familias que se acercan al acogimiento familiar está relacionado con la falta de estudios que pudieran apuntar hacia características necesarias que apoyaran un desarrollo integral y comunitario óptimo del menor acogido y a su vez, en el proceso acogedor ayudar tanto a la familia como al menor para generar y/u optimizar aquellos recursos que permitan la consecución de las mismas. En una muestra de 53 familias que a lo largo tres años acogieron a 80 menores nuestro objetivo fue identificar las características que más habían favorecido el desarrollo del menor. Los resultados subrayan la importancia del establecimiento de vínculos seguros del menor con los acogedores, la integración del menor en la familia acogedora (la aparición de un sentido de pertenencia), la existencia de hijos en el núcleo de convivencia y una percepción de satisfacción con el acogimiento, por parte de la familia acogedora.Palabras clave: acogimiento familiar, vínculos afectivos, integración, desarrollo.

Node-Capture Resilient Key Establishment in Sensor Networks: Design Space and New Protocols

Key management is required for basic security services of confidentiality, integrity, and data source authentication. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a challenging environment to provide such services due to the resource constraints and the increased likelihood of nodes to be captured. Various key management techniques were proposed that trade off resilience to node capture and overhead in terms of communication and memory. We identify the main factors influencing the design space of key management protocols for sensor networks and describe representative protocols that trade off the number of links established, communication overhead, and resilience to node capture. These trade-offs are due to using direct, pathbased, or multipath-based communication to establish secure links. We propose a new multipath protocol relying on an encoding scheme tailored for WSNs and analyze the effects of key pre-distribution on multipath key establishment. We provide extensive simulations to understand the trade-offs between resilience to node compromise and communication overhead under numerous network scenarios. This comparison highlights the trade-offs between these vastly different key management schemes. For the newer class of key management schemes—multipath based—we quantify experimentally the additional communication overhead required for extra paths and the improvement in resilience from using these paths.

PAuthKey: A Pervasive Authentication Protocol and Key Establishment Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks in Distributed IoT Applications

Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs) deployed in distributed Internet of Things (IoT) applications should be integrated into the Internet. According to the distributed architecture, sensor nodes measure data, process, exchange information, and perform collaboratively with other sensor nodes and end-users, which can be internal or external to the network. In order to maintain the trustworthy connectivity and the accessibility of distributed IoT, it is important to establish secure links for end-to-end communication with a strong pervasive authentication mechanism. However, due to the resource constraints and heterogeneous characteristics of the devices, traditional authentication and key management schemes are not effective for such applications. This paper proposes a pervasive lightweight authentication and keying mechanism for WSNs in distributed IoT applications, in which the sensor nodes can establish secured links with peer sensor nodes and end-users. The established authentication scheme PAuthKey is based on implicit certificates and it provides application level end-to-end security. A comprehensive description for the scenario based behavior of the protocol is presented. With the performance evaluation and the security analysis, it is justified that the proposed scheme is viable to deploy in the resource constrained WSNs.

VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK: A VERITABLE TOOL FOR NETWORK SECURITY

Due to the increase demand nowadays to connect to internal networks from distant locations, the important of establishing secure links across the network cannot be overemphasized. Employees often need to connect to internal private networks over the Internet which is by nature insecure, thus, security becomes a major consideration. This research is on the implementation of Virtual Private Network (VPN). Virtual Private Network(VPN) technology provides a way of protecting information being transmitted over the Internet, by allowing users to establish a virtual private to securely enter an internal network, accessing resources, data and communications via an insecure network such as the Internet. This involves a combination of some or all of these features namely: encryption, encapsulation, authorization, authentication, accounting, and spoofing.

Security bootstrap model of key pre-sharing by polynomial group in mobile Ad Hoc Network

Setting up a security module into a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) before its deployment is very crucial to its future security assurance. It can establish a solid network security shield gradually on groups of separated nodes lacking any guarantee by sharing common knowledge and communication protocols in a MANET. This paper proposed a security bootstrap model of key pre-sharing by a polynomial group based on ( t, n) threshold schema of Lagrange Polynomial Group (LPG) and one-way hash function to establish a distributive security infrastructure. This model includes the following two processes: (1) the first phase is to set up a key pre-sharing mechanism based on one-way hash function and Lagrange Interpolation Polynomial Group (LIPG); and (2) the second phase mainly deals with recovering key in a more secure way based on the digital signature of threshold schema. The one-way hash approach can prevent the spitted key pieces in a key pool from being exposed efficiently. In addition, the threshold digital signature can detect and block the DoS attack and other malicious fraudulent actions efficiently during the processes of key reconstruction and recovery. We performed the experiment under the OPNET simulation environment to validate the proposed approach from the points of view of computation complexity, the security of bootstrap process, the performance of establishing secure links, the capability of resisting the capture and the network scale, etc. The experimental results show that this approach can ensure the security of MANET environment with better performance.

Disfunção executiva como uma medida de funcionalidade em adultos com TDAH

Este artigo aborda a presença e a apresentação clínica da disfunção executiva em pacientes com TDAH. Na medida em que sintomas de disfunção executiva determinam as alterações de funcionamento desses pacientes nas atividades do dia-a-dia, torna-se relevante o estudo das relações entre alterações em testes neuropsicológicos formais de funções executivas e a ocorrência desses sintomas. A constatação relativamente recente do papel da disfunção executiva no TDAH tem impulsionado a pesquisa neuropsicológica, mas os dados até agora disponíveis são ainda pouco consistentes. Uma visão atualizada dessas questões sugere que a semiologia neuropsicológica disponível ainda não alcança plenamente a constelação de sintomas práticos do TDAH no dia-a-dia, mostrando a necessidade de avanços na pesquisa dessas relações.

An improved key distribution mechanism for large-scale hierarchical wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are often deployed in hostile environments and operated on an unattended mode. In order to protect the sensitive data and the sensor readings, secret keys should be used to encrypt the exchanged messages between communicating nodes. Due to their expensive energy consumption and hardware requirements, asymmetric key based cryptographies are not suitable for resource-constrained wireless sensors. Several symmetric-key pre-distribution protocols have been investigated recently to establish secure links between sensor nodes, but most of them are not scalable due to their linearly increased communication and key storage overheads. Furthermore, existing protocols cannot provide sufficient security when the number of compromised nodes exceeds a critical value. To address these limitations, we propose an improved key distribution mechanism for large-scale wireless sensor networks. Based on a hierarchical network model and bivariate polynomial-key generation mechanism, our scheme guarantees that two communicating parties can establish a unique pairwise key between them. Compared with existing protocols, our scheme can provide sufficient security no matter how many sensors are compromised. Fixed key storage overhead, full network connectivity, and low communication overhead can also be achieved by the proposed scheme.