Essential Oil Of Pogostemon Cablin Research Articles

Patchouli Alcohol: A Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitor Derived from Patchouli Essential Oil with Potential in the Development of a Skin-Lightening Agent

The inhibitory effects of Pogostemon cablin essential oil (patchouli essential oil, PEO) and its primary bioactive compound, patchouli alcohol (PA), on tyrosinase and melanin were investigated in vitro and ex vivo. Treatment with PEO and PA significantly, as well as dose-dependently, reduced forskolin (FRK)-induced melanin biosynthesis, cellular tyrosinase activity, and tyrosinase (TYR) protein expression. However, the transcriptional levels of TYR and tyrosinase-related proteins (TRP-1 and TRP-2) remained unaffected. These results suggest that PEO and PA may directly interrupt tyrosinase enzyme activity, leading to a reduction in melanin biosynthesis. Further experiments supported this notion, revealing that both PEO and PA significantly and dose-dependently inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity in both the monophenolase and diphenolase phases. Additionally, an in silico molecular docking analysis was performed, utilizing a homology model of human tyrosinase. In conclusion, these findings strongly suggest that patchouli essential oil and its primary bioactive component, patchouli alcohol, hold promise as potential treatments for hyperpigmentary skin conditions and in the development of cosmetic products designed to lighten the skin.

Pogostemon cablin essential oil affects anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and the gut microbiota in chronic unpredictable mild stress model rats.

The gut microbiota is thought to be an important factor that influences brain processes and behaviors through the gut-brain axis. Pogostemon cablin is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat gastrointestinal symptoms. Patchouli essential oil (PCO), the main active agent in P. cablin, is used in aromatherapy for stress relief. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of orally administered PCO on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and the gut microbiota. We constructed a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and explored the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of PCO using the open field test (OFT) and forced swim test (FST). Changes in the abundance of the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and other related molecules were assessed to determine the role of the gut microbiota. Our results showed that CUMS induced an anxiety-like phenotype in the OFT, which was reversed by PCO, and that PCO also significantly mitigated the depression-like behaviors caused by CUMS in the FST. Furthermore, we found that PCO increased the relative abundances of several probiotics, including Bacteroides and Blautia, and decreased the relative abundances of Ruminococcus_1 and Ruminococcus_2, which were increased by CUMS. Regarding SCFAs, the metabolites of the gut microbiota, PCO increased the concentration of propionic acid and decreased that of caproic acid. Finally, PCO restored the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) level in the hippocampus, which had been decreased by CUMS. The results of this study suggested that PCO can improve stress-related anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and might exert its effects on the central nervous system through interactions with the gut microbiota.

Evaluation of the Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Adherent Activity of Pogostemon Cablin’s Essential Oil Against Klebsiella Pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an example of a microorganism that does not belong to the oral biofilm in a state of health but is present in cases of infection, especially nosocomial infections. The high virulence and resistance of this bacterium to various forms of antimicrobial treatment represent a major concern in the hospital environment, as it is responsible for a high number of deaths of hospitalized patients under mechanical ventilation, so the search for new drugs that are effective in treating this bacterium is extremely important. Natural products, especially essential oils, have considerable therapeutic activities in antimicrobial treatments. A good example is Pogostemon cablin, which has antimicrobial, anti-adherent, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the possible antimicrobial potential of the essential oil extracted from Pogostemon cablin against strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), which was determined using the microdilution technique in plates containing 96 sterile holes with positive control, the antimicrobial chloramphenicol. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was read 48 hours after the MIC, using plates with 96 holes. After the reading, it was found that the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin had a 50% MIC of 512 μg/mL against the Klebsiella pneumoniae strains tested, making it a strong bacteriostatic. It was therefore possible to observe the antibacterial potential of Pogostemon cablin essential oil against the K. pneumoniae strains tested.

Assessment of the Antiadertional Potential of Pogostemon cablin Essential Oil against Staphylococcus aureus

Nosocomial pneumonia, an infection of the lung parenchyma caused by bacterial species, corresponds to a morbidity responsible for reducing the quality of life and further compromising the hospitalized patient. Among the bacteria that cause this infection is Staphylococcus aureus, which has proved resistant to the drugs used in its treatment. Therefore, the need for new studies is urgent and phytotherapy has been gaining space. The objective of this research was to evaluate the anti-adherent activity of Pogostemon cablin essential oil against a strain of Staphylococcus aureus. To obtain the Minimum Inhibitory Adherence Concentration (MIC), Muller Hinton broth with 5% sucrose was used, the Sa 101 strain of the bacterial species under study, as well as, the positive control with 0.12% chlorhexidine. The material was incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours for reading using fuchsin. Through analysis, it was found that the oil studied was able to inhibit the adhesion of bacteria to the wall of the tube at a concentration of 1:2, showing positive activity against the formation of biofilm by Staphylococcus aureus, although the result found is lower than that of chlorhexidine, which inhibited at a ratio of 1:8. It is concluded that Pogostemon cablin oil showed anti-adherent activity against the strain under study, however, inferior when compared to the positive control.

Chemical investigation and biological activities of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth) essential oil

Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. plant is known to synthesize the precious and most valuable essential oil available today on perfumers pellet. Because of its limited production in South East Asian countries like Indonesia, the high demand is always a challenge for the producing countries. In order to meet the market demand, CSIR-CIMAP has developed a high essential oil yielding patchouli var. CIM-Utkrisht for cultivation in India. Since the variety possessed a unique fingerprint of essential oil, furthermore, due to patchouli’s more acceptance as ingredients of many perfume preparations, the volatile oils are rarely investigated for biological action, anti-inflammatory, in particular. We investigated the essential oils obtained from dried aerial parts of the plant for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential. The anti-inflammatory activity (TNF-α) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in patchouli essential oil treated cells as compared to vehicle control. Essential oil exhibited In-vitro antimicrobial activity against five selected microorganisms’ viz., C. albicans , S. typhimurium , S. aureus , E. coli , and M. furfur . In particular, essential oil obtained from 14 days of drying showed the most potent action (zone inhibition, 16.0 ± 3.0) against M. furfur . The GC-FID, GC / -MS and NMR investigations revealed presence of an array of sesquiterpenoids such as curcumenes (γ-curcumene; 22.0–25.0% & ar -curcumene; 1.3–3.1%), 7- epi - cis -sesquisabinene hydrate (0.3–0.5%), and some guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids like guaia-1(5)-11-dien-3-ol (1.5–4.6%), guaia-11-en-5-ol (0.1–0.2%), guaia-4(5)-11-dien-6-ol (0.6–0.9%), guaia-1(10)-11-dien-9-one (0.4–1.2%) and guaia-1(10)-11-dien-9-one-8-ol (1.4–1.6%). The current work is the first report of bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids from the genus Pogostemon with high γ-curcumene (22.0–25.0%). Being a highly esteemed basic ingredient of modern perfumery, the patchouli oil is frequently adulterated with non-volatiles compositions to comply with the market demands. We report herein simultaneous thermo-gravimetric analysis-based detection method for authentication of patchouli essential oils for the first time. • Pogostemon cablin essential oils in different drying stages were studied. • Guaia-1(10)-11-dien-9-one & Guaia-1(10)-11-dien-9-one-8-ol were identified. • Curcumenes (γ- & ar -) were the key markers of this oil. • A 14 days dried essential oil inhibits best growth of M. furfur (ZOI-16.0 ± 3.0). • TNF-α significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in essential oil.

Pocahemiketone A, a Sesquiterpenoid Possessing a Spirocyclic Skeleton with a Hemiketal Endoperoxide Unit, Alleviates Aβ25-35-Induced Pyroptosis and Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells.

Pocahemiketone A, a novel sesquiterpenoid possessing a unique spirocyclic skeleton with a hemiketal endoperoxide unit, was isolated from the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Pocahemiketone A exhibits a significant neuroprotective effect against Aβ25-35-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and oxidative stress. These results indicate that pocahemiketone A has great potential for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Biological Activity of Pogostemon cablin Essential Oil and Its Potential Use for Food Preservation

This study aimed to analyze the biological activity of the essential oil Pogostemon cablin (PCEO) to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm, insecticidal activity, and chemical composition of the essential oil. We analyzed the structure of biofilms on various surfaces using the MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper and evaluated the antimicrobial effect of the vapor phase of the essential oil in a food model. We determined the main volatile components of PCEO as patchouli alcohol 31.0%, α-bulnesene 21.3%, and α-guaiene 14.3%. The free radical scavenging activity was high and reached 71.4 ± 0.9%, corresponding to 732 ± 8.1 TEAC. The antimicrobial activity against bacteria was weak to moderate. We recorded strong activity against yeast. The antifungal activity was very weak in the contact application. Biofilm-producing bacteria were moderately inhibited by PCEO. The change in biofilm structure due to essential oil was demonstrated by MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper analysis. Vapor phase application in a food model showed relatively strong effects against bacteria and significantly higher antifungal efficacy. The insecticidal activity was observed only at higher concentrations of essential oil. Based on the findings, PCEO can be used in the food industry as an antifungal substance in extending the shelf life of bakery products and as protection in the storage of root vegetables.

An innovative ultrasonic-assisted extraction process for enhancing the patchoulol from Pogostemon cablin essential oil using hydrotropes

Pogostemon cablin (Patchouli) is an aromatic herb cultivated for its high-value essential oil. It is majorly used as a base oil in fragrance formulation due to its characteristics sesquiterpenoid alcohols. Patchoulol is an imperative and bioactive sesquiterpenoid in the patchouli essential oil, which is primarily isolated from the aerial part of the plant. The patchoulol was enriched in this essential oil by ultrasonic-assisted extraction techniques using different hydrotropes viz., sodium p-toluene sulphonate, resorcinol, sodium cumene sulphonate and sodium salicylate. The effect of various parameters such as extraction time (min), ultrasonic amplitude (%) and pulse interval (s) with 2 M concentration of hydrotropes was studied. Ultrasonic assisted-techniques has improved the percentage of patchoulol in patchouli essential oil. The highest composition of patchoulol i.e., 70.06 % was obtained for 5 min extraction time, 40 % ultrasonic amplitude, 30:30 s pulse interval for sodium salicylate at 2 M concentration.

Chitosan nanoencapsulation of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. essential oil and its novel preservative effect for enhanced shelf life of stored Maize kernels during storage: Evaluation of its enhanced antifungal, antimycotoxin, antioxidant activities and possible mode of action

AbstractThe present evaluation aimed to synthesis and characterise the Pogostemon cablin essential oil encapsulated chitosan nanoemulsion (PCEO‐CN) and evaluated its antifungal antimycotoxin and antioxidant activities. A total of twenty‐six different chemical compounds were identified from P. cablin essential oil (PCEO), among which patchoulol (34.93%), α‐bulnesene (17.76%) and α‐guaiene (15.44%) were recorded as major components. The average size of PCEO‐CN was 18.20 nm. The PCEO‐CN showed concentration‐dependent broad‐spectrum antifungal and antimycotoxin activities. The in vivo evaluation showed that PCEO‐CN significantly protected maize seeds from mould‐induced biodeterioration and aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis for up to 30 days. The PCEO‐CN significantly inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis and cellular integrities of A. flavus. Based on the present study, PCEO‐CN could be used as a food preservative to control mould and mycotoxin contamination in stored maize.

Pogostemon cablin Triggered ROS-Induced DNA Damage to Arrest Cell Cycle Progression and Induce Apoptosis on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo.

The purpose of the study was to elucidate the anti-hepatoma effects and mechanisms of Pogostemon cablin essential oils (PPa extract) in vitro and in vivo. PPa extract exhibited an inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and was less cytotoxic to normal cells, especially normal liver cells, than it was to HCC cells, exerting a good selective index. Additionally, PPa extract inhibited HCC cell growth by blocking the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase via p53 dependent or independent pathway to down regulated cell cycle regulators. Moreover, PPa extract induced the FAS-FASL-caspase-8 system to activate the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, and it increased the bax/bcl-2 ratio and reduced ΔΨm to activate the intrinsic apoptosis pathway that might be due to lots of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production which was induced by PPa extract. In addition, PPa extract presented to the potential to act synergistically with sorafenib to effectively inhibit HCC cell proliferation through the Akt/mTOR pathway and reduce regrowth of HCC cells. In an animal model, PPa extract suppressed HCC tumor growth and prolonged lifespan by reducing the VEGF/VEGFR axis and inducing tumor cell apoptosis in vivo. Ultimately, PPa extract demonstrated nearly no or low system-wide, physiological, or pathological toxicity in vivo. In conclusion, PPa extract effectively inhibited HCC cell growth through inducing cell cycle arrest and activating apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, PPa extract exhibits less toxicity toward normal cells and organs than it does toward HCC cells, which might lead to fewer side effects in clinical applications. PPa extract may be developed into a clinical drug to suppress tumor growth or functional food to prevent HCC initiation or chemoprotection of HCC recurrence.

Essential Oil Compound, Patchouli Alcohol, Represses Tumor Formation in Vivo and Causes G1 Arrest by Downregulating β-catenin Transcriptional Activity in Colon Cancer Cells (FS13-02-19)

ObjectivesPatchouli alcohol is one of the abundant compounds isolated from essential oil of Pogostemon cablin and shows anti-inflammatory, anti-obese and anti-cancer activities. The current study was designed to investigate if treatment of patchouli alcohol exhibits tumor suppressive activity in colon cancer mouse model and define a reliable mechanism using in vitro culture system using colon cancer cell lines. MethodsTwenty seven 4-week old Apcmin/+ mice were assigned into one of three groups (n = 9) and patchouli alcohol (0, 25 or 50 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered three times a week for six weeks before/after treatment of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). At age 10-week old, all animals were sacrificed, colon and small intestines were collected, and the number and size of tumors were counted and measured. Human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, Lovo and Caco-2) were treated with different concentration of patchouli alcohol for 48 hours. And cell cycle distribution was measured using FACS and luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to elucidate reliable mechanism of anti-cancer activity. ResultsIn vivo study indicated that the number of tumor and tumor load was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner by administering patchouli alcohol (25 and 50 mg/kg body weight). Treatment of 100 μM patchouli alcohol led to G1 arrest with decreased cell proliferation. Reporter gene assay showed decreased transcriptional activity of β-catenin in patchouli alcohol-treated cells. ConclusionsPatchouli alcohol prevents formation of adenoma polyps by repressing cancer cell growth/division via downregulating transcriptional activity of β-catenin in colon cancer model. Funding SourcesNIFA Hatch grant. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs▪▪

Evaluation of the Larvicidal Potential of the Essential Oil Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth in the Control of Aedes aegypti.

The objective of this work was to collect information on the chemical constituents that demonstrate the larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, as well as the antioxidant, microbiological, and cytotoxicity potential of the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin leaves. The chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The larvicidal activity was performed according to the protocol of the World Health Organization. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through the sequestering capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazine (DPPH). As for the microbiological evaluation, the microdilution technique was used, according to the protocol of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated against the larvae of Artemia salina. The species P. cablin presented the following compounds: Patchouli alcohol (33.25%), Seyshellene (6.12%), α-bulnesene (4.11%), Pogostol (6.33%), and Norpatchoulenol (5.72%), which was in synergy with the other substances may significantly potentiate the larvicidal action of the species with the LC50 of 28.43 μg·mL−1. There was no antioxidant activity, however, it presented antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 62.5 μg·mL−1. The species demonstrated significant toxic action with LC50 of 24.25 μg·mL−1. Therefore, the P. cablin species showed significant larvicidal potential, antimicrobial activity, the absence of antioxidant action, and high toxicity.

Bioactivities of patchoulol and phloroacetophenone from Pogostemon cablin essential oil against three insects

ABSTRACT The essential oil was obtained from the aerial parts of Pogostemon cablin by hydrodistillation. The chemical compounds of P. cablin essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eight compounds were totally identified and accounted for 92.4% of the oil. Patchoulol was the major component (51.1%), followed by phloroacetophenone (23.5%) and β-patchoulene (7.3%). The essential oil and its two major compounds patchoulol and phloroacetophenone were evaluated for their contact and repellent activities against Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne, and Liposcelis bostrychophila. Results of bioassays indicated that the essential oil and patchoulol had great contact toxicity against three species of insects. Meanwhile, the essential oil and patchoulol showed great repellent activities against T. castaneum and L. bostrychophila but were mildly repellent to L. serricorne. Phloroacetophenone exhibited neither contact nor repellent activity against any of these target insects. This work emphasized the promising potential of P. cablin to control insect pests during storage.

Phytochemical screening and anti-hyperuricemic activity of Pogostemon cablin essential oils

Phytochemical screening and anti-hyperuricemic activity of Pogostemon cablin essential oils

Lethal Effect and Behavioral Responses of Leaf-Cutting Ants to Essential Oil of Pogostemon cablin (Lamiaceae) and Its Nanoformulation.

Leaf-cutting ants belonging to the genus Atta (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) are important pests in agricultural and forest environments. In the present study, we evaluated the formicidal activity of the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin and its nanoformulation on the leaf-cutting ants: Atta opaciceps (Borgmeier, 1939), Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758), and Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908. The nanoformulation was developed by magnetic stirring using polyoxyethylene (36%), pure ethanol (36%), essential oil of P. cablin (18%), and water (10%). Bioassays of acute toxicity by fumigation and behavioral bioassays in treated arenas, with and without choice, were performed. The essential oil of P. cablin and its nanoformulation demonstrated efficient insecticidal activity and irritability to ant species. The concentration required to kill 50% of workers varied from 1.06 to 2.10μLL-1, with a mean time to death of less than or equal to 42h. The essential oil of P. cablin and its nanoformulation reduced the displacement and velocity speed of the workers of A. opaciceps and A. sexdens rubropilosa in totally treated arenas. In the bioassays with choices, the three species of ants walked less and at a greater speed on the treated side of arena. This work demonstrates the potential of the essential oil of P. cablin and its nanoformulation to the generation of new formicidal products.

Colored shade nets induced changes in growth, anatomy and essential oil of Pogostemon cablin.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of colored shade nets on the growth, anatomy and essential oil content, yield and chemical composition of Pogostemon cablin. The plants were cultivated under full sunlight, black, blue and red nets. The harvesting was performed 5 months after planting and it was followed by the analysis of plant growth parameters, leaf anatomy, essential oil content, yield and chemical composition. The plants grown under red net have produced more leaf, shoot, total dry weight and leaf area. Plants cultivated under colored nets showed differences in morphological features. Plants maintained under red net had a higher leaf blade thickness and polar and equatorial diameter of the stomata ratio. Additionally, higher yield of essential oil in the leaves was observed under red and blue colored shade net. The essential oil of the plants grown under red net showed the highest relative percentage of patchoulol (66.84%). Therefore, it is possible using colored shade nets to manipulate P. cablin growth, as well as its essential oil production with several chemical compositions. The analyses of principal components allowed observing that pogostol has negative correlation with α-guaiene and α-bulnesene. There was difference in total dry weight and patchoulol content when the patchouli is cultured under the red colored shade nets.

Larvicidal and pupicidal evaluation of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Aquilaria sinensis and Pogostemon cablin essential oils against dengue and zika viruses vector Aedes albopictus mosquito and its histopathological analysis

Mosquitoes pose a threat to humans and animals, causing millions of deaths every year. Vector control by effective eco-friendly pesticides of natural origin is a serious issue that requires urgent attention. The employment of green-reducing extracts for nanoparticles biosynthesis in a rapid and single-step process represents a promising strategy. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biofabricated using an essential oil of Aquilaria sinensis (AsEO) and Pogostemonis Herba essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (PcEO) in one step and cost-effective manner. UV–vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to confirm the AgNPs formation and their biophysical characterization. The larvicidal and pupicidal toxicity of AsEO, PcEO and biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated against larvae and pupae of the dengue and Zika virus vector Aedes albopictus. Compared to the tested essential oils, the biofabricated AgNPs showed the highest toxicity against larvae and pupae of Ae.albopictus. In particular, the LC50 values of AsEO ranged from 44.23 (I) to 166 (pupae), LC50 values of PcEO ranged from 32.49 (I) to 90.05(IV), LC50 values of AsEO-AgNPs from 0.81 (I) to 1.12 (IV) and LC50 values of PcEO-AgPNs from 0.85 (I) to 1.19 (IV). Furthermore, histological analysis of the midgut cells of the control and treated larvae exhibited that the epithelial cells and brush border were highly affected by the fabricated AgNPs compared to the essential oils (AsEO and PcEO). Overall, the A. sinensis and P. cablin essential oils fabricated AgNPs have a potential of application as a biopesticide for mosquito control through safer and cost-effective approach.

Patchouli oil ameliorates acute colitis: A targeted metabolite analysis of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced rats.

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic, relapsing intestinal inflammation, has continually increased in recent years. A previous study by our group identified five potential metabolic markers possibly associated with the pathology of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced IBD in rats. The present study aimed to examine the potential therapeutic effects of the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (also known as patchouli; PO) on TNBS-induced rats and investigate the concomitant metabolic changes by targeting the previously identified potential markers. Pogostemon cablin is widely used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, including IBD, in China. The results of the present study showed that PO (270 mg/kg, rectal instillation) significantly alleviated colonic damage and reduced disease activity indicators and colonic myeloperoxidase in TNBS-induced rats. In addition, a targeted metabolic profiling study identified that four metabolites were elevated in the urine of the animals in the TNBS group, which were significantly inhibited by treatment with PO: Two tryptophan metabolites [4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid and 4,6-cihydroxyquinoline] and two gut microbial metabolites (phenylacetylglycine and p-cresol glucuronide). Taken together, these findings suggested that PO ameliorated the symptoms of TNBS-induced IBD and reversed the metabolic changes potentially associated with TNBS-induced IBD in rats.

Insecticidal and Repellent Action of Pogostone AgainstMyzus persicae(Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Abstract Essential oil of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Bentham (Lamiaceae), known as patchouli oil, has been reported to display strong insecticidal activities, but few studies have focused on the insecticidal activity of its principal constituent, pogostone. The present work was designed to evaluate the insecticidal, repellent, and antifeedant activities of pogostone against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). In a choice test, pogostone had strong repellent activity against M. persicae. Pogostone also showed pronounced contact toxicity (LC50 of 1,694 mg/L) to this piercing—sucking insect, as well as powerful antifeedant activity. Pogostone may partly account for the insecticidal activity of patchouli oil, but it also has other valuable properties. This study demonstrated the potential of pogostone as a promising candidate for managing agricultural insects.

Effect of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil on in vitro and in vivo leukocytes behavior in acute inflammatory response.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Pogostemon cablin essential oil (PEO) on leukocyte behavior in the inflammatory response. PEO was analyzed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/SM) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) methods and showed predominance of patchoulol (38.50%), α-bulnesene (20.37%), α-guaiene (12.31%), seychellene (8.33%) and α-patchoulene (4.91%). PEO at concentrations of 1, 3, 10, 30, 60 and 90μg/ml reduced the in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis toward fMLP, and at concentrations of 3 and 10μg/ml, increased the phagocytic activity of neutrophils. Topical application of PEO in high concentrations promoted an increase of ear edema and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. However, the oral treatment with 100, 200 and 300mg/kg reduced leukocyte recruitment, nitric oxide (NO) production, and rolling and adherent leukocyte number in the microcirculation. PEO affects the leukocyte behavior, and the mechanism proposed of PEO seems to be, at least in part, involving the participation of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines.