Essential Oil Of Artemisia Annua Research Articles

Chitosan–pullulan films enriched with Artemisia annua essential oil: Characterization and application in grape preservation

Composite films were prepared using a flow casting method, with chitosan and pullulan as film-forming agents and Artemisia annua essential oil as the UV absorber. The utility of the composite films for preserving grape berries was assessed. The effect of the added Artemisia annua essential oil on the physicochemical properties of the composite film was investigated to determine the optimal amount of essential oil that should be added to the composite film. When the Artemisia annua essential oil content was 0.8 %, the elongation at break of the composite film increased to 71.25 ± 2.87 % and the water vapor transmission rate decreased to 0.378 ± 0.007 g‧mm/(m2‧h‧kpa). The transmittance of the composite film was almost 0 % in the UV region (200–280 nm) and <30 % in the visible light region (380–800 nm), reflecting the UV absorption by the composite film. Additionally, the composite film extended the storage time of the grape berries. Therefore, the composite film containing Artemisia annua essential oil may be a promising fruit packaging material.

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Chemically Analyzed Essential Oil of Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) Native to Mediterranean Area.

Artemisia annua (AA) is an aromatic plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, which has long been known for its several medicinal virtues. In addition, essential oils (EOs) extracted from AA have a wide range of therapeutic properties. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidant properties of Artemisia annua essential oil (EOAA). EO was extracted, and its chemical constituents were ascertained by the use of GC-MS analysis. EOAA shows remarkable antioxidant capacities of DPPH free radical scavenging with an IC50 value of 29 ± 5.3 μg/mL and ferric reducing antioxidant power with an EC50 value of 9.21 ± 0.3 µg/mL, and it also has a good total antioxidant capacity of 911.59 ± 115.71 milligrams of ascorbic acid equivalence per gram of EO (mg AAE/g EO). Moreover, the in vitro antimicrobial screening results indicate that EOAA has shown promising antibacterial activity, especially against the Escherichia coli strain, and it also shows significant antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans yeasts. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of EOAA as a source of strong antioxidant and antimicrobial agents, which could be used as an alternative form to control free radicals and combat drug-resistant microbes.

Properties and biological activity of chitosan-coix seed starch films incorporated with nano zinc oxide and Artemisia annua essential oil for pork preservation

Edible films based on chitosan, coix seed starch (CSS), nano zinc oxide (ZnO) and Artemisia annua essential oil (AO) were obtained through solvent casting method. Physico-chemical, biological properties and structures of the edible film were analyzed and the preservation effect of it on the quality of cold-stored pork was also investigated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that some possible intermolecular interactions could exist between film matrix and ZnO or AO. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetry (TG) showed that ZnO and AO had good compatibility with the film biopolymers, no any phase separation. Results suggested that appropriate content of ZnO could enhance the film's compactness. Tensile strength (TS), barrier properties and antibacterial activities of the film was significantly enhanced with 5% ZnO was added. Incorporation of AO into the edible film decreased the TS, but increased the flexibility, barrier properties, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. When content of ZnO and AO were 5% and 8%, the physico-chemical, biological properties of the edible film could reach optimum. For pork preservation, pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total viable count (TVC), and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) values of the pork which treated with 5% ZnO-8% AO film were significantly lowest (p ≤ 0.05) than other groups. Therefore, this edible film system has potential as food packaging materials.

The sweet wormwood essential oil and its two major constituents are promising for a safe control measure against fall webworm

The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury), is a harmful polyphagous global defoliator. The major chemical components of Artemisia annua essential oil (EO) was found to contain (±)-camphor (16.42%), 1,8-cineole (6.22%), α-pinene (6%), caryophyllene (5.19%), and α-selinene (5.17%). The highest toxicity was recorded for EO of A. annua (LD50 = 305.05 μg/larva), followed by (±)-camphor (LD50 = 465.03 μg/larva) and 1,8-cineole (LD50 = 573.49 μg/larva). The binary mixtures of compounds expressed a weaker activity compared to individuals. The (±)-camphor was found to be antagonistic to 1,8-cineole. The biochemical compounds of treated larvae were also determined. The activity level of alanin and aspartate aminotransferase decreased sharply while acid and alkaline phosphatase increased. Activity of lactate dehydrogenase was significantly higher than the control group at 24 h, but decreased significantly after 48 h in all treatments. The activity of esterases were decreased in the treated larvae. The glutathione S-transferase significantly increased in all time intervals. Overall the current results suggest that the sweet wormwood (A. annua) EO and its components could be a safe and environmentally friendly approach in possible control of fall webworm (H. cunea).

A selective and inert stationary phase combining triptycene with tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate for capillary gas chromatography

This work reports a selective and inert triptycene-based stationary phase (TPT) combining the triptycene framework with tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) units for capillary gas chromatography (GC). The TPT stationary phase was physically coated onto a capillary column by static coating method with the column efficiency of 4200 plates/m and moderate polarity. As demonstrated, the TPT column exhibited high inertness towards organic bases, including basic heterocycles, aliphatic and aromatic amines, showing distinct advantages over the TPGS and commercial columns. Also, the TPT column displayed high-resolution performance towards the isomers of methylpyridines, toluidines, xylidines and alkanes (C6–C8). Moreover, it showed excellent separation repeatability and reproducibility with RSD values in the range of 0.03%-0.07% for run-to-run, 0.12%–0.18% for day-to-day and 2.3%–3.6% for column-to- column (n = 4). Its applications to purity test of chemical products and to GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of Artemisia annua L. demonstrated its good potential for practical analyses. The present work has novelty in constructing highly selective and inert stationary phases and providing a feasible strategy for concurrently addressing the related problems in GC analyses. Its methodology and findings is of important value in terms of fundamental researches and practical applications.

Mulberry Protection through Flowering-Stage Essential Oil of Artemisia annua against the Lesser Mulberry Pyralid, Glyphodes pyloalis Walker.

In the present study, the toxicity and physiological disorders of the essential oil isolated from Artemisia annua flowers were assessed against one of the main insect pests of mulberry, Glyphodes pyloalis Walker, announcing one of the safe and effective alternatives to synthetic pesticides. The LC50 (lethal concentration to kill 50% of tested insects) values of the oral and fumigant bioassays of A. annua essential oil were 1.204 % W/V and 3.343 μL/L air, respectively. The A. annua essential oil, rich in camphor, artemisia ketone, β-selinene, pinocarvone, 1,8-cineole, and α-pinene, caused a significant reduction in digestive and detoxifying enzyme activity of G. pyloalis larvae. The contents of protein, glucose, and triglyceride were also reduced in the treated larvae by oral and fumigant treatments. The immune system in treated larvae was weakened after both oral and fumigation applications compared to the control groups. Histological studies on the midgut and ovaries showed that A. annua essential oil caused an obvious change in the distribution of the principal cells of tissues and reduction in yolk spheres in oocytes. Therefore, it is suggested that the essential oil from A. annua flowers, with wide-range bio-effects on G. pyloalis, be used as an available, safe, effective insecticide in the protection of mulberry.

Toxicity and deleterious effects of Artemisia annua essential oil extracts on mulberry pyralid (Glyphodes pyloalis)

Botanical extracts are an important source of bio-pesticides and are generally considered safe to the environment. Artemisia annua L, a medicinal plant, well known for its antimalarial potential, was evaluated as a source of a type of essential oil collected during vegetative growth stage against Glyphodes pyloalis Walker. The main chemical components of the essential oil at vegetative stage of Artemisia annua was analyzed by GC- MS and contained 1,8-cineole (18.68%), Camphor (11.4%), α-Pinene (9.3%) and 3-Carene (6.3%). The LC50 of this plant oil was estimated to be 0.652% W/V and 2.585 μL/L air incorporated orally and fumigation, respectively. The digestive enzymes such as α-amylases, Proteases, Lipases and α- and β-glucosidases were considereably inhibited in treated larvae compared with controls. Similarly, the amount of protein, glucose, and triglyceride were decreased in the treated larvae by methods used. The lower hemocyte numbers, nodule formation and activity of phenoloxidases after injection of Beauveria bassiana and latex beads showed its EO effect on immunity. The anatomy of the larval midgut after treatment showed degeneration in digestive cells. Emerging adult's ovaries showed significant changes in the ovarian sheath and lack of yolk spheres. The present investigation in accordance with our previous studies may ultimately lead to a formulation in controlling this notorious pest especially in mulberry orchards where the use of conventional chemicals is restricted.

Artemisia annua essential oil extraction, characterization, and incorporation in nanoliposomes, smart drug delivery systems against Candida species

Essential oils have been widely used for their antimicrobial and antifungal properties, but their instability to light and high volatility limit their clinical use. Useful strategies to improve their biopharmaceutical properties are vesicular drug delivery systems, particularly liposomes. The aim of the present study was to extract, characterize, and formulate the essential oil of Artemisia annua L. in liposomes. The optimized vesicles were evaluated for their performance against different drug-resistant Candida strains. Main constituents of AEO were camphor (22.6%), artemisia ketone (17.3%) and 1,8-cineole (15.8%). Optimized nanoliposomes were loaded with 10 mg/ml of AEO. Size was 250 nm, ζ-potential was −10mV, and polydispersity index was 0.21. Encapsulation efficiency was about 75%, recovery % was more than 90%. The drug release study showed that after 14 h almost 100% of AEO was released from the vesicles. Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values ranged from 10 to 42 mg/ml for pure AEO. MFC of AEO-loaded in nanoliposomes ranged from 5 to 10 mg/ml. The most susceptible species to AEO loaded in nanoliposome was C. norvegensis (5.00 mg/ml), followed by C. krusei. These findings suggest that AEO could be an interesting by-product of A. annua, and the proper entrapment of AEO into nanoliposomes could optimize the biological properties and defeat fungal infections.

GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds of Artemesia annua and Assessment of its anti-proliferative activity against Human Cancer Cell Lines

Plant essential oil is found to possess many beneficial effects in the field of medicine. Especially essential oil derived from different species of plants is reported to have specific activity against cancer. Artemesiaannua is an annual herb belonging to Asteraceae family has been traditionally used for treating several ailments. It is a conventional medicinal plant used in the treatment of chloroquine-resistant and cerebral malaria. The major aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer potential of this plant against cancer cell line. Hydro distilled volatile oil obtained from aerial parts of A.annua was analysed by GCMS. The majority of the compounds derived from essential oil of Artemesiaannua are monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Artemisinin, the active component of Artemesiaannua is a sesquiterpenoid lactone containing unusual endoperoxide bridge that shows remarkable activity against numerous tumour growth and metastases. The pleiotropic nature of artemisinin induces oxidative stress, anti-angiogenetic effect and apoptosis triggering on cancer cells. The anti-proliferative effect of essential oil derived from Artemesiaannua on human cancer cell lines like MCF-7, HT29 and AGS was done by MTT assay. Results shows the essential oil of artemisia annua have cytotoxic potential by inhibiting cell growth in a dose dependent manner. However, further investigations in isolating active cytotoxic components and understanding its molecular mechanisms will help in therapeutic management of cancer.

Content and composition of the essential oil of Artemisia annua in two harvest times

Artemisia annua is traditionally used in the treatment for malaria due to presence of the active principle artemisinin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the essential oil content and chemical composition of A. annua submitted to four doses of mineral fertilization in two harvest times. The seedlings of A. annua were cultivated in 10 L pots kept in a greenhouse. The tested doses of mineral fertilization were the following: without fertilization (D0), 50% of the recommended dose (D1), recommended dose (D2), and 150% of the recommended dose (D3). The samples for extracting the essential oils were collected at 60 and 125 days after transplantation (DAT). The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. Identification and relative percentage of the compounds of the essential oil were performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The highest essential oil content obtained was 0.81% using the dose D0 at 60 DAT. The increase of the dose of mineral fertilization indicated a disadvantage with the reduction of the essential oil content in the two harvesting times. The major constituents found in the essential oil were camphor and borneol. The results indicate that A. annua could be an alternative source of borneol and camphor, active component with use in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry.

Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils from Three Artemisia Species Against Alternaria solani

In this study, the antifungal activity of the essential oil from three Artemisia species was tested against Alternaria solani. The essential oil from A. lavandulaefolia DC was effective when delivered through fumigation in vitro, with inhibition reaching over 60 % at a concentration of 12 μL/plate. The Artemisia scoparia essential oil successfully showed marked effects against A. solani through the agar diffusion method and spore germination assays, inhibiting over 80 % at a concentration of 12 mg/mL. The Artemisia annua essential oil showed moderate antifungal activity against A. solani. The major components of the A. lavandulaefolia essential oil were eucalyptol, (-)-terpinen-4-ol, and α-terpineol. The major components of the A. scoparia essential oil were acenaphthene, curcumene and (+) caryophyllene oxide. The major components of the A. annua essential oil were artemisia ketone, α-selinene and γ-terpineol. Our study provided a theoretical basis for applying these essential oils as future ecofriendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides to control disease.

Composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Artemisia annua L

Artemisia annua L. is an annual Eurasian desert-steppe plant. The composition of essential oils found in Artemisia annua from Russian (Buryatian) flora was analyzed in this work using gas chromatography mass-spectrometry method. Artemisia ketone, β-selinene, caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, germacrene D were the main components of the analyzed essential oils. The comparison of own and literature data showed that the essential oils of A. annua conditionally could be divided into “Asian” and “European” groups. Our samples, referring to “Asian” profile, exhibited higher antiradical activity in comparison with data from previously published studies.

Effect of Salinity Stress and Soil Types on Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments and Essential Oil of Artemisia annua L.

Effect of Salinity Stress and Soil Types on Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments and Essential Oil of Artemisia annua L.

Toxicity of Artemisia annua (Asteraceae) essential oil on the tea mealy bug, Pseudococcus viburni Sigornet (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

A combination of bioassay and biochemical approaches were used to determine toxicity of Artemisia annua essential oil (AaEO) Pseudococcus viburni. AaEO via leaf dipping bioassay showed LC50 values of 0.693 and 0.419% after two time exposures. Different concentrations of AaEO caused deterrence index between 28.58 to 86.26% by the calculated ED50 of 0.4%. Although, α-esterase activity using α-naphtyl acetate increased in the treated nymphs by AaEO after 24 hours but it showed the lower activity in the treated nymphs using β-naphtyl acetate. Glutathione S-transferase assayed by CDNB showed the higher activity in the treated nymphs than control after 24 hours while the adverse results gained not only after 48 hours but also after 24 hours by using DCNB. No significant differences were found in the activity of alanine aminotransferase versus control, but aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase showed the statistically higher activities in the treated nymphs in comparison with control. Activities of aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly lower than those of control. Only acid phosphatase showed the significantly altered activity in the treated nymphs in comparison with control after 24 hours. Results of our study indicated significant toxicity, deterrence and physiological effects of AaEO on P. viburni.

Liquid and Vapor-Phase Activity of Artemisia annua Essential Oil against Pathogenic Malassezia spp.

Artemisia annua essential oil has given us many encouraging results for its numerous antimicrobial properties. In this study, the essential oil, both in liquid and in vapor phases, was tested against various Malassezia species closely related to many skin disorders in humans and animals. Malassezia treatment and eradication are mainly based on old azole drugs, which are characterized by poor compliance, unpredictable clinical efficacy, emerging resistance, and several side effects. Monoterpenes (ca. 88%) represent the most abundant group of compounds in the essential oil, mainly the oxygenated derivatives (ca. 74%) with camphor (25.2%), 1,8-cineole (20%), and artemisia ketone (12.5%). In vapor phase, monoterpenes represent more than 98% of the constituents, α-pinene being the main constituent (22.8%), followed by 1,8-cineole (22.1%) and camphene (12.9%). Essential oil of A.annua, both in vapor phase and liquid, showed strong antimicrobial activity towards almost the tested twenty strains of Malassezia analyzed. The minimum fungicidal concentrations from most of the strains tested were from 0.78 µL/mL to 1.56 µL/mL, and only three strains of Malassezia sympodialis required a higher concentration of 3.125 µL/mL. Overall, the minimal inhibitor concentrations obtained by vapor diffusion assay were lower than those obtained by the liquid method. The average values of minimal inhibitor concentrations obtained by the two methods at 72 h are 1.3 - 8.0 times higher in liquid compared to those in the vapor phase.

Vapour and Liquid-Phase Artemisia annua Essential Oil Activities against Several Clinical Strains of Candida.

Candida spp. are often the cause of infection in immune-compromised individuals. They are characterized by a strong resistance to antimicrobial drugs and disinfectants. The activity of Artemisia annua essential oil against Candida spp. was determined by vapour contact and microdilution assay. The oil was characterized by the presence of oxygenated monoterpenes (more than 75 % of the constituents), mainly represented by the irregular monoterpene artemisia ketone (ca. 22 %), and the widespread monoterpenes 1,8 cineole (ca. 19 %) and camphor (ca. 17 %). Other representative constituents were artemisia alcohol (5.9 %), α-pinene (5.7 %), and pinocarvone (3.0 %). Thujone, a typical toxic constituent of the Artemisia species, was not detected. The results are reported as minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration, and diameter of inhibition zone obtained by the vapour diffusion assay. We tested 10 clinical Candida strains, coming from both clinical samples and international collections. The results show that the antifungal activity of A.annua is influenced by the type of method adopted. The inhibitory action of the essential oil was, in fact, higher in the vapour than in the liquid phase. Our results show an average minimum inhibitory concentration in the liquid phase of 11.88 µL/mL, while in the vapour phase, the growth of all Candida strains tested at a concentration of 2.13 µL/cm(3) was inhibited. A strain of Candida glabrata was found to be less susceptible to the liquid medium than the vapour assay (50 µL/mL vs. 0.64 µL/cm(3), respectively). Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis were the most susceptible to the vapour test, while Candida parapsilosis was the most resistant.

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF ARTEMISIA ANNUA. ESSENTIAL OIL

Artemisia annua is a herblike annual plant which has been used in Chinese folk medicine for more than 2,000 years. In 1970-s sesquiterpenic lactone of artemisinin was isolated from the above-ground part of this plant. Today it is the most efficient known natural and synthetic compound for malaria treatment. The purpose of the study was to review the data from the open sources about a component composition of Artemisia annua essential oil in the spectrum of its pharmacological activity. Methods. The study was carried out using information and searching sources (PubMed, ScholarGoogle), library data bases (eLibrary, Cyberleninca), as well as the results of our studies. Results. We have established that aboveground part of Artemisia annua have a significant amount of essential oil apart from the sesquiterpene lactones. Essential oil contains more than 120 components, which belong to different classes of natural compounds. The study for dynamics of the essential oil accumulation in the Artemisia annua herb showed that the amount of oil in the herb rises significantly during budding, reaching maximum value in blossom. Qualitative composition and quantitative content of certain components varies depending on ecological and geographical factors, plant growing phase, cultivation technology, drying methods etc. Well-known pharmacological studies of essential oil of the Artemisia annua characterize it as a prospective source for the development of new antimicrobial medicinal drugs. Besides, as the studies shown, it can be related to the 6 class according to K. Sidorov’s classification – “relatively non-hazardous substances”. Conclusion. The analysis of the open sources on the study of essential oil of Artemisia annua made by us, as well as the results of our own studies, including phytochemical studies allow characterizing the essential oil of Artemisia annua as a prospective source for the working out of new antimicrobial drugs.

Effect of Artemisia annua L. essential oil on toxicity, enzyme activities, and energy reserves of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

AbstractThe essential oil of Artemisia annua L., a weed collected from northern Iran, was studied for its toxicity and physiological aspects on 4th instar larva of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner in controlled conditions (26±1°C, 65±10% RH and 16 L : : 8 D h). The artificial diet was used as a medium for investigating the toxicity and the effect of LC10, LC30, LC50, and LC90on the feeding efficiency of 4th instar larva. The essential oil in doses of LC10, LC30, LC50, and LC90were estimated to be 2.01%, 3.86%, 6.07%, and 18.34%, respectively. The activity of α-amylase, protease, lipase, general esterases, and glutathione S-transferase and protein, triglyceride, glucose for treated larva were measured. The results showed that all of these parameters were decreased compared with the control. Hence, A. annua essential oil is suggested as a botanical for controlling this important pest of field crops.

Chemical Composition and Antipathogenic Activity of Artemisia annua Essential Oil from Romania.

The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation from Romanian Artemisia annua aerial parts was characterized by GC/MS analysis, which allowed the identification of 94.64% of the total oil composition. The main components were camphor (17.74%), α-pinene (9.66%), germacrene D (7.55%), 1,8-cineole (7.24%), trans-β-caryophyllene (7.02%), and artemisia ketone (6.26%). The antimicrobial activity of this essential oil was evaluated by determining the following parameters: minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC), and minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). Moreover, the soluble virulence factors were quantified with different biochemical substrates incorporated in the culture media. The reference and resistant, clinical strains proved to be susceptible to the A. annua oil, with MICs ranging from 0.51 to 16.33 mg/ml. The tested essential oil also showed good antibiofilm activity, inhibiting both the initial stage of the microbial cell adhesion to the inert substratum and the preformed mature biofilm. When used at subinhibitory concentrations, the essential oil proved to inhibit the phenotypic expression of five soluble virulence factors (hemolysins, gelatinase, DNase, lipases, and lecithinases). Briefly, the present results showed that the A. annua essential oil contained antimicrobial compounds with selective activity on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as on yeast strains and which also interfere with the expression of cell-associated and soluble virulence factors.

Antibacterial activity of Tuscan Artemisia annua essential oil and its major components against some foodborne pathogens

Recently, the attention of researchers regarding Artemisia annua has been focused on the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil. This oil, rich in mono- and sesquiterpenes, has a strong activity against some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.The aim of our study is to further contribute to the knowledge of the antibacterial activity of an Artemisia annua essential oil collected in Tuscany and its three most represented compounds (artemisia ketone, 1,8-cineole and camphor).The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation gave a yield of 0.37% (w/w fresh plant material). The composition of the essential oil extracted from flowering aerial parts was determined by gas chromatography (GC/FID and GC/MS).The essential oil and compounds were tested for activity against Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhi, Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes, all of which have great significance in foodborne infections.The antibacterial activity was tested using disk diffusion method and broth microdilution assay. The microorganisms tested were all sensitive to the A. annua essential oil in toto and to all its components, which often have lower activity than oil in toto.