Escin Research Articles

Potential protective effect of escin from Aesculus hippocastanum extract against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress on rat tissues.

Cyclophosphamide (CP)-also known as cytophosphan-is an alkylating agent that has many side effects in humans and rats. Rats were divided into 5 different groups to evaluate the protective effect of escin (ES) obtained from the horse-chestnut plant (Aesculus hippocastanum) against acute damage induce by CP. Groups: control group, ethanol group, ES group (100mg/kg body weight (bw) ES for 14days by gastric gavage), ES+CP group (100mg/kg bw ES for 14days by gastric gavage and 75mg/kg bw CP i.p. on 14th day), and CP group (75mg/kg bw CP i.p. on 14th day). After the experiment was completed, blood and tissue samples (liver, kidney, heart, brain, lung, and testis) were taken from the rats under anesthesia. When the CP group was compared with the control group, an increase was observed in the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood and all tissues except the lung, but when it was given together with escin, there was a decrease except kidney and lung (P<0.05). Glutathione (GSH) level decreased in the blood and all tissues when CP was given, whereas an increase was observed in the heart, brain, and lung when given with escin (P<0.05). There was no statistical change in the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes in all tissues. ES reduced CP-induced damage in all tissues except the kidney. As a result, it was determined that ES had a protective effect against CP-induced tissue damage in rats due to its antioxidant properties.

Investigation into the Protective Effects of Escin on Blood Cells and Cyclophosphamide-Induced Bone Marrow Toxicity in Rats

Cyclophosphamide (CPM) is an extensively used antineoplastic drug that induces toxicity in the health cell because of its metabolites. The main disadvantage of this drug is myelosuppression. Escin (ES) is a natural mixture of triterpenoid saponins that has biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-edematous. The present study aims to investigate the possible effects of ES upon the toxic effects of CPM on blood cells and bone marrow. Spraque Dawley male rats were chosen and categorized into 4 different groups, including the control group, 200 mg/kg CPM, 10 mg/kg ES and ES+CPM. Rats in all groups were discontinued 1 day after injections. After the animals were cut under anesthesia, bone marrow and blood samples were collected. A fall in the number of erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte (97%), platelets (45%), and bone marrow cells (93.6%) was seen in the CPM group. Conversely, blood cells (erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte, and platelets), as well as bone marrow cells in ES + CPM had increased by comparison with CPM. Our results show that treating rats with a selected dose range of ES may help decrease the toxic effects of CPM upon blood cells and bone marrow.

Molecular docking analyses of Escin as regards cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity: In vivo and in Silico studies

This study aims to investigate whether Escin (ES) can protect against Cyclophosphamide (CPM)-induced cardiac damage. The experimental rats were categorized as Control, CPM (200 mg/kg), ES (10 mg/kg), and CPM + ES Groups, each having 6 members. Their heart tissues were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and the structural changes were investigated under the light microscope. The biochemical markers of ischemia modified albumin (IMA), creatine kinase (CK-MB), antioxidant activity indicators Catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured using blood samples. Besides, the effects of CPM, ES, and CPM + ES upon CAT and SOD activities were shown via molecular docking studies. In the Single-Dose CPM group, CK-MB and IMA levels significantly increased while SOD and CAT levels significantly decreased. However, the heart tissues were damaged. CK-MB and IMA levels significantly decreased in CP+ ES Group. On the other hand, SOD, and CAT levels significantly increased and reduced the damage remarkably. Our findings showed that ES treatment successfully reduced the toxic effects upon the rats. The conclusion is that ES treatment can help protect the heart tissue against CPM-induced toxicity. Both in-vivo results and molecular modeling studies showed that the negative effects of CPM upon SOD activity were bigger than that of CAT.

Escin attenuates oxidative damage, apoptosis and lipid peroxidation in a model of cyclophosphamide-induced liver damage

To investigate the effects of escin (ES) on acute damage induced by alkylating agent, experimental rats were injected with cyclophosphamide (CPM) to cause liver damage. The animals were divided into four groups: Control Group, CPM (200 mg/kg), ES (10 mg/kg), CPM, and ES Groups. Immunohistopathological, hepatic histopathological, and biochemical changes were analyzed. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondyaldehyde (MDA), glutathion (GSH), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in serum were all determined. Serum and immunohistopathology analysis revealed that MDA, ALT, AST, LDH, TOC and OSI, caspase-3 and Bax levels had increased while GSH, TAC, Bcl- 2 and OSI levels decreased in CPM Group when compared to Control Group. These findings appear to account for the severe damage detected. In the CPM + ES treated group, positive improvements were found in biochemical parameters as well as in cell-death and tissue-related damage parameters.The results show that ES considerably protects the rat liver against CPM-induced hepatotoxicity thanks to because of its anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.

Corrigendum: Benefits of Escin for Decompression Sickness in Bama Pigs by Endothelial-Targeting Protection.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00605.].

The clinical study of edoravone combined with escin monosodium on acute cerebral hemorrhage

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of edoravone combined with escin monosodium on the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage .Methods 60 patients suffered from acute cerebral hemorrhage were randomly divided into control group and observation group .Each group had 30 patients.The control group was conventionally treated by the internal medicine .On the basis of the research on the control group ,the observation group were treated by edoravone combined with escin monosodium intravenous drip .After the treatment of 14 days,28 days,the recovery of neural function,focus volume,clinical effect were evaluated.Results Comared with the control group,after the treatment of 14 days,28 days,NIHSS score was obviously lower than that of the control group ,the difference was sig-nificant （t=2.136,t=4.117,P〈0.05,P〈0.01）.After the treatment of 14 days,hematoma and edema of the differences were not statistically significant （t=1.395,t=0.737,all P〉0.05）.After the treatment of 28 days,hema-toma and edema of the differences were statistically significant （t=3.140,t=2.367,P〈0.01,P〈0.05）.The com-parison of the clinic effect of the two groups ,the total effect was statistically significant （χ2 =6.650,P 〈0.01）. Conclusion Edaravone combined with escin monosodium on the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage can significantly improve neurologic impairment and cerebral hematoma .Clinical effect is definite and safe . Key words: Hemorrhage; Edoravone; Escin monosodium

Synergetic use of tripterygium wilfordii and aescine for treatment of posttraumatic acute lung injury

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of tripterygium wilfordii combined with aescine in treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) following trauma.Methods A total of 120 patients with posttraumatic ALI were divided into four groups:tripterygium wilfordii + aescine group (combined group),tripterygium wilfordii group,aescine group,and control group according to random number table,with 30 patients per group.Regardless of the same conventional therapy,the patients in combined group were treated by orally or gastrically administered tripterygium wilfordii multiglycoside as well as aescine intravenously,once a day for 12 days; on the contrary,the same method but only with tripterygium wilfordii or aescine was respectively performed in tripterygium wilfordii and aescine groups.Blood gas analysis before and after treatment,length of ICU stay,fatality rate and incidence of ARDS in each group were observed.Changes in levels of inflammatory mediators (TNF-oα,IL-1,IL-6 IL-8,etc)were detected at days 4,8,and 12 after medication.Results Shorter length of ICU stay and lower ARDS incidence as well as 12-day fatality rate were detected in each treatment group as compared with control group,especially in combined group (P ＜ 0.05).Respiratory rate,PaO2 and oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) in each treatment group presented better amelioration than those in control group and especially better results were observed in combined group (P ＜ 0.05).Plasma levels of TNF-α,IL-1,IL-6,and IL-8 in each treatment group were lower than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Tripterygium wilfordii and aescine havetherapeutic effect on posttraumatic ALI.Moreover,synergetic use of the two drugs achieves synergistic effect and better outcome. Key words: Acute lung injury; Tripterygium; Escin; Treatment outcome

Rapid and Simple Method for Simultaneous Determination of Escin and Diethylamine Salicylate in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Partial Least-Squares Multivariate Calibration

A partial least-squares calibration (PLS) method has been developed for simultaneous quantitative determination of escin (ES) and diethylamine salicylate (DAS) in pharmaceutical preparations. The resolution of these mixtures has been accomplished without prior separation or derivatisation, by using partial least-squares (PLS-2) regression analysis of electronic absorption spectral data. The experimental calibration matrix was constructed with 9 samples. The concentration ranges considered were 10, 20, 30 (ES) and 40, 50, 60 (DAS) μg cm−3. The absorbances were recorded between 200 and 325 nm every 5 nm. Proposed method was compared with conventional spectrophotometric method. The results show that PLS-2 is a simple, rapid, and accurate method applied to the determination of these compounds in pharmaceuticals.