Erythrocytes Of Man Research Articles

Differential effects of testosterone on circulating neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets in men: Findings from two trials.

Testosterone treatment increases erythrocytes in men, but its effects on leukocyte and platelet counts are unknown and could affect its safety. To determine whether testosterone affects circulating leukocytes and platelets in men. Secondary analyses of two randomized testosterone trials were performed: the 5α-reductase (5aR) and OPTIMEN trials. In 5aR trial,102 healthy men, 21-50years (mean age 38), received a long-acting GnRH agonist, and 50, 125, 300, or 600mg/week testosterone enanthate (TE) plus placebo or 2.5mg/ day dutasteride for 20weeks. In OPTIMEN, 78 functionally limited men, ≥65years (mean age 72) with protein intake≤0.83gkg-1 day-1 , were randomized to controlled diets with 0.8gkg-1 day-1 protein or 1.3gkg-1 day-1 protein plus placebo or TE (100mg/week) for 6months.Changes from baseline in total and differential leukocyte count, and platelet count were evaluated. In 5aR, testosterone administration was associated with increases in total leukocyte (estimated change from baseline 40, 490, 1230, and 1280 cells/µL, P<.001), neutrophil (65.1, 436.1, 1177.2, and 1192.2 cells/µL, P<.001), monocyte (-20.2, 24.5, 90.6, and 143.9 cells/µL, P<.001), platelet (-7.3, 8.4, 8.7, and 8.9×103 cells/µL, P=.033), and erythrocyte counts. Testosterone did not affect absolute lymphocyte count. Similar increase in total leukocyte count was observed with testosterone treatment in OPTIMEN (change 0.77×103 cells/µL, P vs placebo=0.004). Testosterone administration in men differentially increases neutrophil and monocyte counts. These findings, together with its erythropoietic effects, suggest that testosterone promotes the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors into the myeloid lineage. These findings have potential mechanistic, therapeutic, and safety implications.

Effect of propranolol, histidine, and trimethylhydrazine propionate on the capacity of epinephrine to change the rate of erythrocyte agglutination.

We studied the effects of analogues of endogenous sensitizer of β-adrenergic receptors histidine (10(-4) g/ml) and mildronate (10(-5) g/ml) and endogenous β-adrenoreceptor blocker propranolol (10(-6) g/ml) on adrenoreactivity of erythrocytes in men assessed by changes in the rate of erythrocyte agglutination under the influence of epinephrine (10(-10)-10(-6) g/ml). Epinephrine increased the rate of agglutination, which attested to predominance of α1-adrenoceptors. Propranolol enhanced the effect of epinephrine, while histidine and mildronate reduced it. Hence, endogenous modulators of adrenoceptors can modify adrenoreactivity of erythrocytes and probably other cells, and erythrocytes can serve as indicator of instant adrenoreactivity of body cells.

Strength training alters MCT1-protein expression and exercise-induced translocation in erythrocytes of men with non-insulin-dependent type-2 diabetes

We investigated the cellular distribution of lactate transporter (MCT1) and its chaperone CD147 (using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting) in the erythrocytes of men with non-insulin-dependent type-2 diabetes (NIDDM, n = 11, 61 ± 8 years of age) under acute exercise (ergometer cycling test, World Health Organisation scheme) performed before and after a 3-month strength training program. Cytosolic MCT1 distribution and membraneous CD147 density did not change after acute exercise (ergometer). After the 3-month strength training, MCT1-density was increased and the reaction of MCT1 (but not that of CD147) towards acute exercise (ergometer) was altered. MCT1 localisation was shifted from the centre to the cellular membrane. This resulted in a decrease in the immunohistochemically measured cytosolic MCT1-density. We conclude that strength training alters the acute exercise reaction of MCT1 but not that of CD147 in erythrocytes in patients with NIDDM. This reaction may contribute to long-term normalisation and stabilisation of the regulation of lactate plasma concentration in NIDDM.

Effect of High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude Treatment on Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase Activities in Erythrocytes From Men With Neck Pain

ObjectiveThis study investigates the analgesic effect of high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) manipulation and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in erythrocytes of men with neck pain. MethodsTwenty-two men with neck pain of mechanical origin who were aged 20 to 50 years, were nonsmokers, had a sedentary lifestyle, had no comorbidities, and were not in adjuvant therapy underwent 6 sessions of HVLA chiropractic manipulation 3 times a week for 2 weeks. Patients were treated by the same chiropractor and under the same conditions. Blood samples were collected before the beginning of the treatment and at the end of the third and last session. Erythrocytes were separated from blood and then processed to determine SOD and GPx activities. The quadruple visual scale and the Neck Disability Index were used to demonstrate the analgesic effect of treatment. The results were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni posttest. Differences were considered significant when P was less than .05. ResultsDespite the tendency to reduction in SOD and increase in GPx activities, there was no significant change after the treatment. ConclusionHigh-velocity, low-amplitude treatment for 6 sessions in men with neck pain did not affect systemic SOD and GPx activities. Despite the absence of significant changes, this study is important because it is the first to investigate the activities of SOD and GPx in patients with neck pain treated with HVLA spinal manipulation.

Protective Function Of Ceruloplasmin And Its Action On Erythrocytes In Men With Prostate Tumors

Purpose: To investigate the protective action of Ceruloplasmin (Cp) on the lysis of erythrocytes in men with prostate tumors. Material and Methods: The blood erythrocytes of the patients with benign hyperplasia of prostate (BHP) and prostate adenocarcinoma (CaP) were studied. Patients at the age 60-75 with early stages of a cancer have been investigated. The control group was consisted of apparently healthy males with the compatible age. n=15 for each group. The clinical stage of the disease was diagnosed by means of rectal, histological and echographic examination of the prostate gland. Photometric methods were applied to register lysis dynamics in order to test out the protective action of Cp. Results: The nonspecific protective function of Cp preparation on BHP and CaP erythrocytes as well as on the control group erythrocytes was revealed. CaP erythrocytes have shown more sensitivity to the lysis provocative factor than BHP and the control group erythrocytes, that was presumably attributed to the structural and functional changes of the erythrocytes developed in the presence of malignant tumor.Conclusion: The results show the importance of Ceruloplasmin as bioantioxidant and support the possibility of its use for therapeutic purposes, for example, in the complex course of treatment for prostate cancer.

Superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione system in erythrocytes of men with Behchet's disease.

In order to clarify whether erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione system including reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (G-Px), glutathione reductase (G-Red), glutathione S-transferase (GST) are impaired in men with Behchet's disease (BD) at the first diagnosed time, erythrocyte SOD activity, GSH level, activities of G-Px, G-Red and GST were determined in men with new diagnosed BD. Erythrocyte GSH level, G-Px and G-Red activities were found to be lower, SOD activity was found to be higher in the patients as compared the controls. There was no significant difference between patients and controls for GST activity. Significant positive correlations between GSH and G-Px, GSH and G-Red; significant negative correlations between GSH and SOD, G-Px and SOD, G-Red and SOD were determined. It was concluded that erythrocyte SOD activity and glutathione system are altered in men with new diagnosed BD. It was concluded that these alterations may be a contributory factor for tissue damage associated with BD.

Qualitative difference between male and female erythrocytes

Erythrocytes in men and women were characterized by similar distribution of cell volumes and their mean values, but considerably differed in the correlations of volumetric parameters with cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin content. The factorial structure of the correlations showed sex-related specificity. These data suggest that male and female erythrocytes are qualitatively different.

Cell-associated haemolytic activity of Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori cells cultured on solid medium were quantitatively tested for haemolytic activity against erythrocytes of man, sheep, the guinea pig and rabbit. Using 4-day and 8-day cultures of two standard strains (ATCC 43504, IMMi 676), human erythrocytes were not lysed by 10% bacterial suspensions. Rabbit erythrocytes were the most sensitive to 8-day cultures. Hot-cold incubation yielded the highest haemolysis titres. The extent of haemolysis strongly correlated with the number of bacterial cells. Supplementation of the test medium (PBS, pH 7.4) with L-cysteine, dithiothreitol, MgCl2, EDTA, cholesterol, lecithin or sphingomyelin did not influence the haemolysis titres. They were significantly reduced in the presence of pronase E, human serum, bovine serum albumin or CaCl2, and by heat treatment of the bacteria. Supplementation of the test medium with cardiolipin strongly increased the haemolysis titres. Comparing the cell-associated haemolytic activity of 18 strains, the titres ranged from < 2 to 64, with a median titre of 16. No correlation was found between the haemolytic activity and phospholipase C activity of the cell suspensions. It was concluded that the formation of lysophosphatides and non-enzymatic factors rather than a sulphydryl-activated cytolysin or phospholipase C are responsible for the cell-associated haemolytic activity. This property may be involved in the pathogenicity and virulence of Helicobacter pylori.

Metabolism of selenate and selenomethionine by a selenium-deficient population of men in China

Twenty young Chinese men (ages 18–40 with a mean age of 29 years) living in a selenium deficient area of China (Dechang county. Sichuan province) were selected, divided into two groups, and provided with 200 μg selenium daily for 1 year as either selenate or selenomethionine (Semet). Blood and 24-hour urine samples were collected initially, after 1 month of supplementation and subsequently at bimonthly intervals. Selenium increased in both plasma and erythrocytes at a significantly faster rate in deficient men taking Semet than in those taking selenate. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity increased in both plasma and erythrocytes up to 4 months where a plateau was reached, but there were no differences in this activity between these two supplemental groups. The percentage of selenium associated with GSH-Px was significantly lower in plasma and erythrocytes in men taking. Semet than in those taking selenate. Gel filtration chromatography revealed two selenium-containing peaks in plasma of men taking Semet but mostly one in plasma from men taking selenate. Urinary excretion of selenium gradually increased throughout this study, but there were no differences in the excretion of total selenium or trimethylselenium (TMSe) between the two treatment groups. The TMSe content ranged between 1%–2.5% of total selenium in both groups.

Comparative study of binding of an antiallergic substance to serum albumin and erythrocytes in man, in the dog and in the rat

The binding to red blood cells of a synthetic compound (F 1865; ethyl-3-methoxyphenyl-4-thiazolyl-2-oxamate) only very slightly soluble in water was studied in man, dog and rat. Binding of the same compound to serum albumin was studied in man and in the dog. Distribution of the compound between serum albumin and erythrocytes at physiological concentrations was studied in man and in the dog. A simple model integrating the two steady-state bindings was used to link these measurements of distribution to physicochemical binding parameters. This method confirmed values for parameters of binding to serum albumin obtained with great difficulty of equilibrium dialysis, bearing in mind the poor solubility of the compound and the binding to the dialysis membrane.

In vitro study of anandron R binding to serum proteins and erythrocytes in man

In vitro study of anandron R binding to serum proteins and erythrocytes in man

Effect of Calcium Antagonism on Intracellular Concentrations and Transmembrane Fluxes of Cations in Erythrocytes of Men at Rest and During Exercise

The effect of calcium (Ca2+) antagonism with felodipine on the intracellular concentrations and transmembrane fluxes of cations in erythrocytes, was studied in 10 normal volunteers at rest and during exercise. All subjects performed two uninterrupted incremental exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer in a randomized order either after placebo administration or after 3 days of pretreatment with felodipine 5 mg t.i.d. Felodipine did not affect the erythrocyte ouabain-sensitive 86rubidium uptake, furosemide-sensitive sodium (Na+)- and potassium (K+)-effluxes and the Na+,Li+-countertransport at rest and during exercise and recovery. Intra-erythrocyte and plasma Na+ and K+ concentrations were not different during felodipine whereas the plasma Ca2+ concentration was significantly increased. Plasma magnesium (Mg2+) concentration was reduced during felodipine treatment while the intra-erythrocyte Mg2+ concentration tended to be increased. The intra-erythrocyte to plasma concentration ratios for Na+ and K+ were not significantly affected by felodipine whereas the ratio for Mg2+ was increased. It is concluded that short-term Ca2+ antagonism with felodipine is not accompanied by major alterations in the intracellular concentrations and transmembrane fluxes of Na+ and K+ in red blood cells of normotensive subjects. The red cell transmembrane gradient for Mg2+ is however altered by felodipine.

Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in erythrocytes of pregnant women with sickle cell disease before, during, and after transfusion and partial exchange transfusion

In the present investigation, we found that the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity in erythrocytes of pregnant women with sickle cell disease was strikingly elevated compared with that in erythrocytes of men and pregnant and nonpregnant women. Moreover, the enzyme activity in erythrocytes remained high during and after transfusion or partial exchange transfusion even though the enzyme activity in donor cells was low. This finding is suggestive of the possibility that a factor(s) in plasma of persons with sickle cell disease activates erythrocyte COMT activity.

Adenosine and deoxyadenosine metabolism in mammalian lymphocytes

1. 1. Large differences were found in activities and kinetics of adenosine and deoxyadenosine metabolizing enzymes in lymphocytes and erythrocytes of man and various mammalian species. 2. 2. ADA and PNP activities in erythrocytes do not always correlate with those in lymphocytes of the same species. 3. 3. ADA activity was low in equine and porcine lymphocytes, PNP activity was low in ovine and caprine lymphocytes. Adenosine and deoxyadenosine showed comparable K m values for ADA in lymphocytes of man, horse and pig; in equine lymphocytes these values were lower. 4. 4. Purine 5′-nucleotidase activity was low in lysates of lymphocytes of horse and pig, intermediate in those of sheep and high in those of man. The same pattern was found for ecto-S′-nucleotidase. 5. 5. Adenosine was phosphorylated at a higher rate than deoxyadenosine in lymphocyte extracts of man, horse and pig. Activities are comparable in all species. The K m value of adenosine for adenosine kinase is higher but the K m value of deoxyadenosine for phosphorylation is lower in human lymphocytes than in lymphocytes of horse and pig. Deoxycytidine markedly inhibited deoxyadenosine phosphoryla- tion in human lymphocytes and to a lower extent in equine and porcine lymphocytes. Adenosine considerably inhibited deoxyadenosine phosphorylation in lymphocytes of horse and pig, while it had no effect in human lymphocytes. 6. 6. Activity of S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase, measured in the synthetic direction, was lower in human lymphocytes than in those of pig and horse. Deoxyadenosine markedly inhibited enzyme activity only if it was preincubated with the enzyme without adenosine. 7. 7. The observed differences in adenosine and deoxyadenosine metabolism between human lymphocytes and those of horse and pig may explain why equine and porcine lymphocytes show a normal immune function despite a low ADA activity.

Osmotic Fragility of Erythrocytes of Lemurs

Erythrocytes of five species of lemurs were found to be significantly more susceptible to lysis by osmotic stress than erythrocytes of man. In one lemur species, Lemur macaco, the red cell osmotic fragility profile resembles that of human subjects with hereditary spherocytosis.

Separation and micro-detection of oligosaccharides of glycosphingolipids by high performance cellulose thin-layer chromatography-autoradiofluorography.

A method is described for the microscale characterization of the oligosaccharides of glycosphinglolipids using high-performance cellulose thin-layer chromatography and autoradiofluorography. With this procedure the oligosaccharides of neutral glycosphingolipids as well as gangliosides were analyzed at an average detection of 10 pmol. The method was tested with the known glycolipds from the erythrocytes of man, sheep, rabbit and guinea pig. As a further application small quantities of the as yet unidentified glycolipids of rat erythrocyte ghosts were isolated and their oligosaccharides determined.

Dog red blood cells exhibit a Ca-stimulated increase in K permeability in the absence of (Na,K)ATPase activity

ERYTHROCYTES of man and certain other animals exhibit a selective increase in K permeability as a result of the action of micromolar concentrations of Ca (or Pb) at the inner surface of the membrane1–4. Based on the fact that inhibitors of (Na,K)ATPase, such as ouabain, furosemide, oligomycin and tetraethylammonium ion, also inhibit the Ca-dependent K permeability increase, Blum and Hoffman5,6 have postulated that an altered form of the (Na,K)ATPase might be involved in increasing the K permeability. Dog red cells differ from those of man and most other mammalian species in that they have a high Na content and do not have any detectable (Na,K) ATPase7–9 or ouabain-sensitive Na pump activity9,10. We report here results demonstrating that the Ca-stimulated K permeability increase can occur in these red cells which lack any demonstrable (Na,K)ATPase, thereby indicating that (Na,K)ATPase is not required for the Ca-induced increase in K permeability.

Pyrimidine metabolism in lymphocytes and erythrocytes of man, horse and cattle

1. 1. No conversion of uridine to uracil or uridine nucleotides was found in erythrocytes of man, horse and monkey. 2. 2. Activity of uridine kinase was about similar in lymphocyte extracts of man, cattle and horse, but the activities of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, orotidine phosphate decarboxylase and uridine phosphorylase were markedly lower in lymphocyte extracts of horse than in those of man and cattle. 3. 3. Incorporation of uridine into nucleotides and RNA was of the same order of magnitude when human lymphocytes were compared with those of horse. 4. 4. Rates of phosphorylation and phosphorolysis of uridine in intact lymphocytes were only a few percent of the corresponding enzyme activities measured in lymphocyte extracts. 5. 5. The results are discussed in relation to adenosine-induced pyrimidine starvation and the phenomenon that horses have a normal immunoresponse despite a low activity of adenosine deaminase in their lymphocytes.

Further characterization of the effector cell responsible for natural cytotoxicity to chicken erythrocytes in man.

AbstractBlood mononuclear leukocytes responsible for “natural killer” (NK) activity to chicken red blood cells (NK‐CRBC) and to cell line targets (NK‐CLT) were fractionated in 1 × g velocity sedimentation. The velocity distribution profile of the anti‐CRBC cytotoxicity was strikingly different from the anti‐CLT cytotoxicity indicating that these two activities were displayed by different types of effector cells. The cells responsible for the anti‐CRBC action were further isolated after rosetting with the target cells via one‐step density centrifugation over Ficoll‐Isopaque. The isolated cells resembled morphologically both large lymphocytes and small monocytes and carried a strong acid α‐naphthyl acetate esterase activity in their cytoplasm. The inhibition pattern of the esterase reaction with sodium fluoride was that of (T) lymphocytes rather than that of monocytes. The cells highly enriched for anti‐CRBC activity responded to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A at a rate equal to control preparations, but did not respond to Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I bacteria, purified protein derivative of tuberculin or oidiomycin. Taken together, the results indicate that the cells responsible for NK activity to CRBC are lymphocytes of T lineage.

Changes in nucleotide concentrations in the erythrocytes of man, rabbit and rat during short-term storage

The ATP ADP ratio, measured by high performance liquid chromatography, has been used as an indicator of stability of erythrocyte nucleotides. The nucleotides from human, rabbit and rat whole blood, but not separated erythrocytes were stable for maximum periods of 40, 20 and 15 min respectively after venepuncture. The ratios then declined rapidly from 9 to 5, 12 to 4 and 9 to 1 respectively during 2h storage at room temperature. Similar changes occurred in GTP GDP ratios. The relevance of these observations to metabolic studies in intact cells, nucleotide analyses in the clinical situation and comparative studies in other species is discussed.