Oxidative Stress Markers In Erythrocytes Research Articles

Effects of commonly used medicinal herbs in Jordan on erythrocyte oxidative stress markers

Context: Much attention has been given recently to the antioxidant capacity of natural products, with particular interest on those that are frequently consumed by people. Aims: To evaluate the commonly used and frequently consumed edible herbs in Jordan to compare their in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties. Methods: The in vitro antioxidant properties were tested by pre-incubating washed human erythrocytes with a given herb extract and then exposing these erythrocytes to H2O2 to induce oxidative stress, and then measuring erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker for lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl (PC) as a marker for protein oxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH) as a marker for cellular antioxidant status and the percentage of hemolysis as an indicator for the anti-hemolytic activity of the herb. The in vivo antioxidant properties were tested by giving orally aqueous extracts of the herbs tested in vitro to healthy individuals on daily bases for five days, with two blood samples being collected from each individual to measure the above-mentioned markers. Results: Pre-incubation of human erythrocytes in vitro with methanolic extracts of Zingiber officinale, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia triloba, Verbena triphylla, Nigella sativa and Origanum syriacum significantly improved erythrocyte MDA, PC and oxidant hemolysis. Oral consumption by healthy individuals of aqueous extracts of the same herbs for 5 days significantly improved erythrocyte MDA, GSH, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) at the sixth day of administration. Conclusions: These results indicate that aqueous extracts of medicinal herbs can be absorbed well and appear in body tissues inflecting in vivo antioxidant properties similar to their in vitro properties.

Serum levels of anti-carbonic anhydrase antibodies and erythrocyte oxidative stress markers in endometriosis

Aim: To evaluate the serum levels of anti-carbonic anhydrase I-II antibodies and erythrocyte oxidative stress markers in endometriosis. Method: This case-control laboratory investigation was performed in the obstetrics and gynecology department of a tertiary center. Serum anti-carbonic anhydrase I and II antibodies and erythrocyte oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) were compared with control group (n = 30) in the endometriosis group (n = 33). Correlation between carbonic anhydrase autoantibodies and oxidative stress markers were tested. Results: Serum levels of anti-carbonic anhydrase II antibodies were found to be significantly increased in the endometriosis group compared to controls. The erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and malondialdehyde levels in erythrocytes were increased in endometriosis group; but only glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in endometriosis group. No correlation was detected between anti-carbonic anhydrase antibodies and oxidative stress markers. Conclusions: Our results indicate that erythrocyte oxidative stress and anti-carbonic anhydrase antibodies may be involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.

The Oxidative Stress Markers in the Erythrocytes and Heart Muscle of Obese Rats: Relate to a High-Fat Diet but Not to DJOS Bariatric Surgery.

Obesity and high-fat diet (HF) are prevalent causes of oxidative stress (OS). Duodenal-jejunal omega switch (DJOS) is a bariatric procedure used for body mass reduction, extensively tested in animal models. We studied the long-term impact of bariatric surgery and an HF diet on the oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes and heart muscles of rats. We analyzed superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in DJOS or SHAM (control) operated rats fed with different dietary protocols (control diet (CD) and high-fat diet (HF)), before and after the surgery (CD/CD, HF/HF, CD/HF, and HF/CD). We observed higher erythrocytes CAT, GST and GPx activity in DJOS-operated (vs. SHAM) rats fed with an HF/HF diet. For DJOS-operated rats, erythrocytes CAT and GPx activity and MDA concentration were significantly lower in CD/CD group. We observed increased heart muscle GR activity in SHAM-operated rats (vs. DJOS bariatric surgery) fed with an HF/HF diet. Change from HF to CD diet increased heart muscle GPx activity after DJOS bariatric surgery. Heart muscle SOD activity was lower in HF/HF and CD/CD groups after DJOS bariatric surgery (vs. SHAM). DJOS surgery significantly reduced heart muscle MDA concentration in HF/HF and HF/CD groups (vs. SHAM). We conclude that the selected dietary patterns had a stronger impact on oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes and heart muscle than DJOS bariatric surgery.

Erythrocyte oxidative stress markers in children with sickle cell disease

ObjectiveTo determine eight parameters of oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes from children with sickle cell disease and compare with the same parameters in erythrocytes from healthy children, since oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease and because this disease is a serious public health problem in many countries. MethodsBlood samples were obtained from 45 children with sickle cell disease (21 males and 24 females with a mean age of 9 years; range: 3–13 years) and 280 blood samples were obtained from children without hemoglobinopathies (137 males and 143 females with a mean age of 10 years; range: 8–11 years), as a control group. All blood samples were analyzed for methemoglobin, reduced glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, percentage of hemolysis, reactive oxygen species, and activity of the enzymes glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Data were analyzed using Student's t‐test and were expressed as the mean±standard deviation. A p‐value of <0.05 was considered significant. ResultsSignificant differences were observed between children with sickle cell disease and the control group for the parameters methemoglobin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hemolysis, glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and reactive oxygen species, with higher levels in the patients than in the controls. ConclusionsOxidative stress parameters in children's erythrocytes were determined using simple laboratory methods with small volumes of blood; these biomarkers can be useful to evaluate disease progression and outcomes in patients.

Erythrocyte oxidative stress markers in children with sickle cell disease

ObjectiveTo determine eight parameters of oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes from children with sickle cell disease and compare with the same parameters in erythrocytes from healthy children, since oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease and because this disease is a serious public health problem in many countries. MethodsBlood samples were obtained from 45 children with sickle cell disease (21 males and 24 females with a mean age of 9 years; range: 3–13 years) and 280 blood samples were obtained from children without hemoglobinopathies (137 males and 143 females with a mean age of 10 years; range: 8–11 years), as a control group. All blood samples were analyzed for methemoglobin, reduced glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, percentage of hemolysis, reactive oxygen species, and activity of the enzymes glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test and were expressed as the mean±standard deviation. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. ResultsSignificant differences were observed between children with sickle cell disease and the control group for the parameters methemoglobin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hemolysis, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and reactive oxygen species, with higher levels in the patients than in the controls. ConclusionsOxidative stress parameters in children's erythrocytes were determined using simple laboratory methods with small volumes of blood; these biomarkers can be useful to evaluate disease progression and outcomes in patients.

Effect of Cymbopogon Citratus on Oxidative Stress Markers in Erythrocytes from Postmenopausal Woman: A Pilot Study

&lt;strong&gt;Objective:&lt;/strong&gt; Analyzing "&lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt;" the antioxidant activity of the lemon grass (&lt;em&gt;Cymbopogon citratus Stapf&lt;/em&gt;) over markers of oxidative stress in erythrocytes of women on postmenopausal period. &lt;strong&gt;Method:&lt;/strong&gt; Total blood with anticoagulant has been collected from 28 women on postmenopausal. The plasma was discarded. The diluted erythrocyte on 5% with saline and divided in 5 groups of treatment: Group 0: erythrocytes without treatment; Group 5, 10, 25 and 50 erythrocytes treated respectively with 5, 10, 25 and 50 g/L of infusion of lemon grass, in &lt;strong&gt;water bath&lt;/strong&gt; on 37°C for 1 hour. After this period the erythrocytes were hemolysated in vortex and on the supernatant were evaluated the level of the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), Carbonylated Proteins (PCs) and of the Reduced Glutathione (GSH). &lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; There were no significant alterations on the PCs levels of the studied groups. However the TBARS levels got reduced on the group 25 and the GSH levels got increased on the group 50. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; These results indicate that the lemon grass seems to be an effective antioxidant agent when it's used in infusions with concentration of 25 and 50 g/L.

Erythrocyte Oxidative Stress Markers in Children: A Clinical Laboratory Experience

Because oxidative damage to erythrocytes plays an important pathophysiologic role in many diseases and there are some difficulties in obtaining reference intervals for children in many laboratory tests, this work intends to describe the determination of oxidative stress parameters and the results obtained for children. A total of 280 blood samples were obtained from children between 8 and 11 years old, without any hematological disease. Samples were analyzed for seven oxidative stress parameters, methemoglobin, reduced glutathione, TBARS, percentage of hemolysis and activity of the enzymes G6PD, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. To draw a comparison, the same parameters were analyzed in children with sickle cell disease. Because all results presented normal distribution in the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, data were expressed as 2.5 and 97.5th accumulated percentiles and the statistical analysis between male and female children was performed using Student t -test. A p value

Oxidative stress markers after a race in professional cyclists.

The aim was to determine the levels and activities of the oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes, plasma, and urine after a flat cyclist stage. Eight voluntary male professional trained-cyclists participated in the study. Exercise significantly increased erythrocyte, leukocyte, platelet, and reticulocyte counts. The exercise induced significant increases in the erythrocyte activities of catalase (19.8%) and glutathione reductase (19.2%), while glutathione peroxidase activity decreased significantly (29.3%). Erythrocyte GSSG concentration was significantly increased after exercise (21.4%), whereas GSH was significantly diminished (20.4%). Erythrocyte malondialdehyde levels evidenced a significant decrease 3 h after finishing the stage (44.3%). Plasma malondialdehyde, GSH and GSSG levels significantly decreased after 3 hr recovery (26.8%, 48.6%, and 31.1%, respectively). The exercise significantly increased the F2-isoprostane concentration in urine from 359 ± 71 pg/mg creatinine to 686 ± 139 pg/mg creatinine. In conclusion, a flat cycling stage induced changes in oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes, plasma, and urine of professional cyclists. Urine F2-isoprostane is a more useful biomarker for assessing the effects of acute exercise than the traditional malondialdehyde measurement.

Erythrocyte-mediated delivery of pravastatin: In Vitro study of effect of hypotonic lysis on biochemical parameters and loading efficiency

Exposure of erythrocytes to hypotonic lysis creates pores in the cell membrane, through which pravastatin can enter and become trapped, after resealing them with a suitable buffer. We investigated the effects of tonicity, incubation time and drug concentration on drug loading into erythrocytes. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of pravastatin on erythrocyte oxidative stress markers and osmotic fragility behavior. Encapsulation was achieved using buffer solutions of different tonicities (0.5, 0.6 and 0.7% NaCl) and different drug concentrations (2, 4, 8 and 10 mg/mL) for a range of incubation times (15, 30, 60 and 120 min). The results demonstrated that controlled hypotonic lysis could entrap pravastatin in human erythrocytes, with acceptable loading parameters. The highest loading (34%) was achieved at 0.6% NaCl and 10 mg/mL pravastatin for 60 min incubation. At this pravastatin concentration, oxidative stress markers were similar to those seen in controls, and fragility and hematological parameters were unaffected in drug-loaded erythrocytes. These results indicate that the loading process and pravastatin concentration had no deleterious effects on the structure of pravastatin-loaded erythrocytes, suggesting that they may therefore have a similar life span to normal cells. Pravastatin-loaded erythrocytes may thus provide an effective extended-release-delivery system for pravastatin.

Effects of BDE-99 on hormone homeostasis and biochemical parameters in adult male rats

In this study, we evaluated the effects of BDE-99 on hormone homeostasis, as well as in urinary and serum biochemical parameters of adult male rats. Animals (10 per group) received BDE-99 by gavage at single doses of 0, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/kg. Forty-five days after BDE-99 exposure, urine and serum samples were collected for hormonal and biochemical analysis. Oxidative stress (OS) markers in erythrocytes, plasma and urine were also evaluated. Urinary excretion of total protein significantly increased following BDE-99 exposure, while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), γ-glutamil transferase (GGT), and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activities significantly decreased. Liver toxicity was evidenced by elevated serum activities of the enzymes glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Following BDE-99 administration, OS markers in erythrocytes showed an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and a reduction in glutathione reductase (GR) activity. In urine, isoprostane levels increased after BDE-99 exposure. The hormonal analysis showed a significant decrease in testosterone and progesterone levels. These results support the hypothesis that BDE-99 interacts with hormonal response. Moreover, BDE-99 administration to adult male rats showed signs of renal and hepatic toxicity.

Age‐related effects of DHEA on peripheral markers of oxidative stress

Ageing is an inevitable biological process characterized by a general decline in various physiological functions. DHEA and DHEAS levels are maximal between the second and third life decades, then start to decline 2% per year, leaving a residual of 10-20% of the peak production by the eighth decade. Erythrocytes are exposed to frequent oxidative stress due to the oxygen radicals continuously generated by haemoglobin auto-oxidation. We investigated DHEA chronic (10 mg/kg, subcutaneously, for 5 weeks) effects over oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes of male Wistar rats of 3, 13 and 18 month-old. In the 13 month-old group, we found increased lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase and catalase activities when compared to the other age groups. DHEA produced a marked increase in LPO of 13 month-old group when compared to its control. DHEA exerted this pro-oxidant effects in all ages studied, especially in age 13 month-old. It seems that at 13 month-old there would be an important depletion of some specific anti-oxidant in order to determine such susceptibility to DHEA effects. Since this approach allows a minimally invasive assessment, it would be useful as a routine method in human clinical studies investigating DHEA effects during the ageing process.

Melatonin reduces uranium‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats

The protective role of exogenous melatonin on U-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated in rats. Animals were given single doses of uranyl acetate dihydrate (UAD) at 5 mg/kg (subcutaneous), melatonin at 10 or 20 mg/kg (intraperitoneal), and UAD (5 mg/kg) plus melatonin (10 or 20 mg/kg), or vehicle (control group). In comparison with the UAD-treated group only, significant beneficial changes were noted in some urinary and serum parameters of rats concurrently exposed to UAD and melatonin. The increase of U excretion after UAD administration was accompanied by a significant reduction in the renal content of U when melatonin was given at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Melatonin also reduced the severity of the U-induced histological alterations in kidney. In renal tissue, the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels increased significantly as a result of UAD exposure. Following UAD administration, oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes showed a reduction in SOD activity and an increase in TBARS levels, which were significantly restored by melatonin administration. In plasma, reduced glutathione (GSH) and its oxidized form (GSSG) were also altered in UAD-exposed rats. However, only the GSSG/GSH ratio was restored to control levels after melatonin treatment. Oxidative damage was observed in kidneys. Melatonin administration partially restored these adverse effects. It is concluded that melatonin offers some benefit as a potential agent to treat acute U-induced nephrotoxicity.

Antioxidant defences and oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes and plasma from normally nourished elderly Alzheimer patients.

to investigate blood markers of oxidative stress, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in normally nourished elderly people with Alzheimer's disease. case-control study. twenty patients with Alzheimer's disease and 23 elderly control subjects, living at home, free from disease and not undergoing any treatment known to have a strong influence on blood oxidative stress markers or antioxidant defence systems. we performed a nutritional evaluation, including anthropometric and biological measures and a 3-day dietary record. We determined concentrations of antioxidant vitamins (alpha-tocopherol, retinol) and malondialdehyde in plasma and erythrocytes. We also measured erythrocyte enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. the two groups were similar in age, body mass index, dietary record and serum albumin concentration. After adjustment for age, sex and cardiovascular co-morbidity, mean plasma concentration of alpha-tocopherol was lower in those with Alzheimer disease than in control subjects (15+/-3.5 mg/l compared with 18.2+/-3.5; P=0.002), as was the mean plasma concentration of retinol (0.54+/-0.2 mg/l vs 0.7+/-0.2; P=0.014). The mean concentration of free plasma malondialdehyde was higher in those with Alzheimer's disease (0.70+/-0.2 mmol/l vs 0.5+/-0.1; P=0.036). In Alzheimer disease patients, free plasma malondialdehyde concentrations were inversely correlated with levels of alpha-tocopherol (P=0.002) and retinol (P=0.025). Erythrocyte levels of vitamins and enzymatic activities were similar in the two groups. lower plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and retinol in normally nourished elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease than in controls could suggest that these antioxidant vitamins had been consumed as a result of excessive production of free radicals.