Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Peroxidation Research Articles

Alcohol-induced hormonal and metabolic alterations in plasma and erythrocytes—a gender-based study

Purpose This study aimed to understand the gender-specific alcohol-induced biochemical changes and TBARS association with the endocrine system. Methods Human male and female subjects ranging from 35 ± 10 years old with an 8-10-year drinking history were included in the study. Results The results demonstrated that testosterone levels were lower in male alcoholics and higher in female alcoholics, as well as higher estrogen and cortisol levels in both genders. In addition, we found lower T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in alcoholics of both sexes. Furthermore, plasma TBARS, protein carbonyls, nitrite, and nitrate levels increased significantly with concomitant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in both male and female alcoholics. Furthermore, erythrocyte lysate nitrite and nitrate levels membrane total cholesterol, phospholipid and cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) ratio with lower total membrane proteins in both genders of alcoholics. SDS-PAGE analysis of erythrocyte membrane proteins revealed increased density of band 3, protein 4.1, 4.2, 4.9 and glycophorins, whereas decreases in spectrin (α and β) were observed in both genders of alcoholics. Besides, alcoholics of both sexes had a lower ability to resist osmotic hemolysis. Plasma TBARS was negatively correlated with testosterone, TSH, T3 and T4 in male alcoholics, moreover, estradiol and cortisol were positively correlated in males and females respectively. Conclusion Female alcoholics may be more susceptible to osmotic hemolysis due to increased erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation with decreased antioxidant status, which results in an altered membrane C/P ratio and membrane protein composition.

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidative hemolysis of erythrocytes in the presence of azoand peroxide initiator

The kinetics of oxidative hemolysis of a 0.2% suspension of mouse erythrocytes in the presence of radicalforming initiators, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, was studied over a wide range of concentrations. Hemolysis of erythrocytes proceeded with the activation of lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes. In the case of tert-butyl hydroperoxide, oxidative processes also developed in the soluble part of the cell, leading to the formation of insoluble hemoglobin aggregates. An induction period of hemolysis (the time period required to reach 10% hemolysis) in the presence of 2,2'-azobis(2-amid-inopropane) dihydrochloride decreases inversely proportional to the square root of the initiator concentration, that is in accord with the classical theory of radical chain oxidation of hydrocarbons. In the case of tertbutyl hydroperoxide, this association was not found. The use of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a lipid peroxidation initiator is preferred in the erythrocyte model for testing natural and synthetic compounds for antioxidant activity.

CHANGES IN BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD VALUES DURING COMPLEX TREATMENT OF RHINOSINUSITIS POLYPOSA PATIENTS

The aim: To increase the effectiveness of treatment of sinusitis polyposa patients, develop and introduce a new non-traditional complex method of influencing several links of the pathogenesis of this disease, including laser therapy and laser puncture, used in the postoperative period. Materials and methods: In 60 rhinosinusitis polyposa patients the indicators of lipid peroxidation and the state of antioxidant protection were studied. Depending on the type of treatment, the patients were divided into two groups: the first included 30 people who underwent traditional surgical intervention, and the second - 30 people who used complex therapy, including in the postoperative period endonasal laser exposure and laser puncture. Methods: clinical data, the functional state of the nasal mucosa, indicators of lipid peroxidation (hydroperoxide, malondialdehyde) and antioxidant activity (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, reduced glutathione, superoxide cismutase, catalase) of erythrocyte membranes and blood serum were studied. Results: The proposed complex method for treating lipids of erythrocyte membranes and serum, which includes endonasal surgical intervention, endonasal laser therapy and laser puncture leads to the normalization of physiological functions of the nose, activates antioxidant protection and reduces the peroxide activity of lipids in the membranes of erythrocytes and blood serum. Conclusions: When examining patients in the long-term (after 1 year) period, a significant improvement in 85.7% of cases, an improvement in 10.7%, and absence of effect in 3.6% was achieved. Thus, the proposed method of therapy can be recommended for widespread use in medical institutions.

Flavonoids modulate liposomal membrane structure, regulate mitochondrial membrane permeability and prevent erythrocyte oxidative damage

In the present work, we investigated the interaction of flavonoids (quercetin, naringenin and catechin) with cellular and artificial membranes. The flavonoids considerably inhibited membrane lipid peroxidation in rat erythrocytes treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (700 μM), and the IC50 values for prevention of this process were equal to 9.7 ± 0.8 μM, 8.8 ± 0.7 μM, and 37.8 ± 4.4 μM in the case of quercetin, catechin and naringenin, respectively, and slightly decreased glutathione oxidation. In isolated rat liver mitochondria, quercetin, catechin and naringenin (10–50 μM) dose-dependently increased the sensitivity to Ca2+ ions - induced mitochondrial permeability transition. Using the probes TMA-DPH and DPH we showed that quercetin rather than catechin and naringenin strongly decreased the microfluidity of the 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine liposomal membrane bilayer at different depths. On the contrary, using the probe Laurdan we observed that naringenin transfer the bilayer to a more ordered state, whereas quercetin dose-dependently decreased the order of lipid molecule packing and increased hydration in the region of polar head groups. The incorporation of the flavonoids, quercetin and naringenin and not catechin, into the liposomes induced an increase in the zeta potential of the membrane and enlarged the area of the bilayer as well as lowered the temperature and the enthalpy of the membrane phase transition. The effects of the flavonoids were connected with modification of membrane fluidity, packing, stability, electrokinetic properties, size and permeability, prevention of oxidative stress, which depended on the nature of the flavonoid molecule and the nature of the membrane.

Comparison of Antioxidants: The Limited Correlation between Various Assays of Antioxidant Activity.

The inhibitory effects a range of synthetic and natural antioxidants on lipid peroxidation of egg yolk and erythrocyte membranes induced by a free radical generator 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was compared, with significant differences being found between both systems. When the protection by selected antioxidants against the effects of AAPH on erythrocytes (hemolysis, oxidation of hemoglobin and glutathione (GSH) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)) was studied, most antioxidants were protective, but in some tests (oxidation of hemoglobin and GSH) some acted as prooxidants, inducing oxidation in the absence of AAPH and enhancing the AAPH-induced oxidation. These results demonstrate a diversified action of antioxidants in different systems and point to a need for careful extrapolation of any conclusions drawn from one parameter or experimental system to another.

Chlorogenic acid improves lipid membrane peroxidation and morphological changes in nitrite-induced erythrocyte model of methemoglobinemia.

Nitrite salts are widely presented in food and their hazardous effects have been well documented. In this study, we evaluated the protective capacity of chlorogenic acid (CGA) against sodium nitrite (NaNO2) -induced damage to rat erythrocytes. Two dosing regimens of CGA were undertaken to alleviate the erythrocyte injury induced by NaNO2 . We examined the cell fragility, the level of methemoglobin and oxidative stress parameters of each treated group. In result, as compared to the CGA post-incubation, co-incubation of CGA with NaNO2 decreased the content of advanced oxidation protein products. The protective capacity of CGA was superior to its remedial effect. We infer that the reaction of CGA and NaNO2 may suppress the cytotoxicity of nitrite on erythrocytes and avoid the generation of oxidative stress induced by NaNO2 . Our results suggest a novel diet strategy for preventing the adverse effects of nitrite in those people with exposure to nitrite. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Nitrite is ubiquitous in our environment and can also be formed from nitrogenous compounds by microorganisms which exist in the soil, water, and saliva. Several researches have been performed to explore the protection of natural products on the toxic effects of Nitrite. In this study, exogenous chlorogenic acid (CGA) is able to avert the membrane damage, lipid peroxidation, and morphology in nitrite-induced erythrocytes. The protective capacity of CGA shows superior to the remediate effect of CGA against NaNO2 caused damage to erythrocytes. These results suggest a novel diet strategy for preventing the adverse effects of NaNO2 in those people with acute exposure to nitrite.

Antioxidant Effects of Baoyuan Decoction on Dysfunctional Erythrocytes in High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic ApoE-/- Mice.

Baoyuan decoction (BYD), a traditional representative formula, has a long usage history in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Since the hyperlipidemia-induced dysfunction of erythrocyte is one of the most important causes of cardiovascular diseases, the improving effects of BYD against high-fat diet (HFD) induced the physiological and physical function of the erythrocytic injury and the potential mechanisms were deeply researched in this study. After 6 weeks of drug treatment, all doses of BYD had significantly decreased the lipid peroxidation in plasma of HFD-induced ApoE−/− mice, even if it had not improved the lipid levels. Then, the erythrocyte-related experimental results showed that BYD had reduced erythrocyte osmotic fragility, stabilized erythrocyte membrane skeleton protein 4.2, and reformed the erythrocyte morphological changes by decreasing erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation levels. This study demonstrated that BYD may ameliorate the physiological and physical function of erythrocyte in hyperlipidemic mice through the antioxidant effect on erythrocyte membranes.

Antioxidant Activity of 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol Derivatives in Lipid Peroxidation and Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition by Human Erythrocytes in vitro

1-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane-1,2-dione dioxime and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzohydrazide showed a high antioxidant efficiency in comparison to the known inhibitors 2,6-di-tertbutylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-mercaptophenol, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), in model nonenzymatic human erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation.

Combining Metal Chelator and Antioxidant Improves Amelioration of Induced Lipid Peroxidation in the Human Erythrocyte Membrane

Combining Metal Chelator and Antioxidant Improves Amelioration of Induced Lipid Peroxidation in the Human Erythrocyte Membrane

6-Gingerol prevents free transition metal Ion [Fe (Ii)] Induced free radicals mediated alterations by In vitro and Ndv growth in chicken eggs by In ovo

Background: The study of free radicals and their reactions is implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Therefore, antioxidants treatment plays a pivotal role in preventing the free radical-induced diseases. Objective: The objectives of this study were to examine the protective role of 6-gingerol from free transition metal ion-induced alterations by in vitro and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chicken eggs by in ovo . Materials and Methods: In this study, lipid peroxidation, DNA sugar oxidation, chelation of ferrous ions, DNA fragmentation, Cytochrome c-oxidation, ferric ion reducing activities and DPPH, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals scavenging activity by ESR studies were examined with 6-gingerol by in vitro . Furthermore, antiviral activity was screened with 6-gingerol by in ovo . Results: In vitro results showed that 254 μM/ml of 6-gingerol firmly inhibited erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation by 85.28% and DNA sugar oxidation by 91.26% when compared with butylated hydroxyanisole 74.42% (554 μM/ml) and 78.30% (824 μM/ml), respectively. Whereas, chelating activity of 6-gingerol was 80.2% which nearly similar to the EDTA activity (50 μg/ml) shown 83.93%. In addition, 6-gingerol (254μM/ml) scavenged the superoxide, hydroxyl, DPPH radicals by 84.96%, 90.45%, and 94.63% respectively and the same was strongly supported with ESR studies. Further, 254 μM/ml of 6-gingerol inhibited the DNA fragmentation, Cytochrome c-oxidation and reducing the ferric ion by in vitro and antiviral activity shown on NDV at 100 μg/ml. Conclusion: This study could enlighten that the 6-gingerol has a good metal sequester property and it could prevent the free radicals by in vitro and NDV growth in chicken eggs by in ovo . Abbreviations used: NDV: Newcastle Disease Virus; ESR: Electron Spin resonance; SOD: Super oxide Dismutase; HA: Hemagglutination.

Effects of Extracts of Agrimonia Asiatica and Geranium Collinum on Lipid Peroxidation and the Blood Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Rats with Alloxan Diabetes

The effects of 70% ethanolic extracts of the above-ground parts of Agrimonia asiatica Juz. (D1) and the roots of Geranium collinum Steph. (D2) on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the plasma and erythrocyte levels of activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GP), and glutathione reductase (GR) were studied in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. Significant decreases in erythrocyte membrane LPO (by 51-80%) were seen with D1 and D2. Extract D1 induced plasma SOD activity (by factors of 1.6 – 2.6) and erythrocyte CAT (by factors of 1.6-2.3). D2 induced SOD activity (by factors of 1.5 – 1.8), CAT activity (by factors of 1.9 – 2.7), and GR activity (by factors of 1.4 – 1.9) in erythrocytes. Both substrates, D1 and D2, showed statistically significant suppression of plasma GR activity (by 7 – 18%) and countered an alloxan-induced increase in erythrocyte GP activity (by 20 – 60%).

Effect of Glycated Hemoglobin Induced Lipid Peroxidation on Membrane Bound Acetyl Cholinesterase

This study examines the relationship between erythrocyte membrane bound Acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level and lipid peroxidation (formation of malondialdehyde). The aim was to elucidate the effect of HbA1c and lipid peroxidation on the activity of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE). Control subjects were non diabetic volunteers and the test group was diabetic patients with fasting glucose level of more than 150mg%. HbA1c, total hemoglobin, plasma glucose, lipid peroxidation and activity of AChE were determined. Observations indicate that elevated levels of lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membrane of glycated hemoglobin of diabetic patients. HbA1c significantly increases lipid peroxidation and decreases the activity of AChE. Our data indicates that erythrocyte membrane bound enzyme AChE is significantly related to lipid peroxidation. Glycation of the hemoglobin increases the lipid peroxidation and alters the membrane bound enzyme function.

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНОГО МЕТАБОЛИЗМА ЭРИТРОЦИТОВ БОЛЬНЫХ ВНЕБОЛЬНИЧНОЙ ПНЕВМОНИЕЙ

Free radical oxidation plays an important role in the development and exacerbation of the pathological process. Oxidative stress causes a disturbance of the rheological properties of red blood cells and modification of their membrane. Activation of processes of peroxidation of lipids disturbs the integrity of the erythrocyte membrane. In community-acquired pneumonia the study of oxidative metabolism of red blood cells, especially the oxidative modification of their proteins, dedicated to a limited number of studies. Oxidative modification of hemoglobin dissipate a key role in the development of inflammation induced by hypoxia. The aim of the research was to study indicators of oxidative stress, the content of oxidized modified proteins in the red blood cells and the permeability of their membranes to low-molecular-weight hydrophilic substances in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. The object of the study were the erythrocytes of blood of 33 patients with community-acquired pneumonia and 19 practically healthy persons of young and middle age from 27 to 42 years. Evidence of oxidative processes in red blood cells was a significant increase of the oxidized-modified proteins (carbonyl derivatives) in erythrocytes. The increase in the content of membrane-bound hemoglobin may also be due to the high level of lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes. The results of the study showed the presence of intracellular oxidative stress in erythrocytes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia, which leads to damage to their membranes and release of hemoglobin into the blood plasma.

Association between alcohol-induced erythrocyte membrane alterations and hemolysis in chronic alcoholics.

The present study aimed to understand the association between erythrocyte membrane alterations and hemolysis in chronic alcoholics. Study was conducted on human male volunteers aged between 35–45 years with a drinking history of 8–10 years. Results showed that plasma marker enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and γGT were increased in alcoholic subjects. Plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte lysate nitric oxide (NOx) levels were also increased significantly in alcoholics. Furthermore, erythrocyte membrane protein carbonyls, total cholesterol, phospholipid and cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) ratio were increased in alcoholics. SDS-PAGE analysis of erythrocyte membrane proteins revealed that increased density of band 3, protein 4.2, 4.9, actin and glycophorins, whereas glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glycophorin A showed slight increase, however, decreased ankyrin with no change in spectrins (α and β) and protein 4.1 densities were observed in alcoholics. Moreover, alcoholics red blood cells showed altered morphology with decreased resistance to osmotic hemolysis. Increased hemolysis showed strong positive association with lipid peroxidation (r = 0.703, p<0.05), protein carbonyls (r = 0.754, p<0.05), lysate NOx (r = 0.654, p<0.05) and weak association with C/P ratio (r = 0.240, p<0.05). Bottom line, increased lipid and protein oxidation, altered membrane C/P ratio and membrane cytoskeletal protein profile might be responsible for the increased hemolysis in alcoholics.

Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Peroxidation in Recently Diagnosed Essential Hypertensive Patients : Correlation with Dyslipidemia

Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Peroxidation in Recently Diagnosed Essential Hypertensive Patients : Correlation with Dyslipidemia

Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Redox Status in Erythrocytes of Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients Incubated in Leaf Extract of Gongronema latifolium

Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Redox Status in Erythrocytes of Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients Incubated in Leaf Extract of Gongronema latifolium

Increased membrane lipid peroxidation and decreased Na+/K+-ATPase activity in erythrocytes of patients with stable coronary artery disease.

We aimed to determine erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation levels and Na/K-ATPase activity in patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) documented by coronary angiography. A total of 144 patients who had undergone coronary angiography were divided into a CAD group (n=82) and a non-CAD group (control group, n=62) according to the results of coronary angiography. Lipid peroxide levels in plasma and the erythrocyte membrane were measured using a fluorimetric method. Total antioxidant status and Na/K-ATPase activity in plasma were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Lipid peroxidation levels were significantly higher in the erythrocyte membrane of CAD patients compared with controls, whereas Na/K-ATPase activity was significantly lower in the erythrocyte membrane of CAD patients compared with controls. The coronary artery scores were correlated positively with membrane lipid peroxidation (r=0.324, P<0.001) and negatively with Na/K-ATPase activity (r=-0.302, P<0.001). This study shows that the levels of membrane lipid peroxidation and Na/K-ATPase activity are correlated with the severity of CAD.

Purification of Pomegranate Pericarps (&lt;i&gt;Punica granatum l.&lt;/i&gt;) Extracts with Macroporous Resins and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt;

Punica granatum L. Pomegranate has been traditionally used as a folk fruits for centuries in Oriental countries. It extract and subsequent fractions were used to evaluate antioxidant and related activities of Punica granatum L. It were extracted by 70% acetone, and then purified by HPD-400 macroporous adsorbent resins column. The aim of this study was to verify the antioxidant properties of acetone extracts of pomegranate pericarps and their lyophilized samples, and also to study the relationship between the activity and the contents of the tannins. The effects of natural extracts on microsomal lipid of mice liver and erythrocyte membrane lipid were examined. Vc/Fe2+, Cys/Fe2+induced microsomal lipid peroxidation, UV light induced erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation were measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) content with spectrophotometric methods. The natural plant extracts not only diminish the Vc/Fe2+,Cys/Fe2+ induced microsomal lipid peroxidation, UV light induced erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation and also showed its activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Our study found that the higher tannins contents showed more effective of antioxidant properties. Keywords: Punica granatum L.; liver microsome; antioxidant activity; Lipid peroxidation

Biophysical mechanism of the protective effect of blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L. var. kamtschatica Sevast.) polyphenols extracts against lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte and lipid membranes.

The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of blue honeysuckle fruit and leaf extracts components on the physical properties of erythrocyte and lipid membranes and assess their antioxidant properties. The HPLC analysis showed that the extracts are rich in polyphenol anthocyanins in fruits and flavonoids in leaves. The results indicate that both extracts have antioxidant activity and protect the red blood cell membrane against oxidation induced by UVC irradiation and AAPH. The extracts do not induce hemolysis and slightly increase osmotic resistance of erythrocytes. The research showed that extracts components are incorporated mainly in the external part of the erythrocyte membrane, inducing the formation of echinocytes. The values of generalized polarization and fluorescence anisotropy indicate that the extracts polyphenols alter the packing arrangement of the hydrophilic part of the erythrocyte and lipid membranes, without changing the fluidity of the hydrophobic part. The DSC results also show that the extract components do not change the main phase transition temperature of DPPC membrane. Studies of electric parameters of membranes modified by the extracts showed that they slightly stabilize lipid membranes and do not reduce their specific resistance or capacity. Examination of IR spectra indicates small changes in the degree of hydration in the hydrophilic region of liposomes under the action of the extracts. The location of polyphenolic compounds in the hydrophilic part of the membrane seems to constitute a protective shield of the cell against other substances, the reactive forms of oxygen in particular.

Gastroprotective Mechanisms of Action of Semisynthetic Carnosic Acid Derivatives in Human Cells

Carnosic acid (CA) and its semisynthetic derivatives display relevant gastroprotective effects on HCl/ethanol induced gastric lesions in mice. However, little is known on the mechanisms of action of the new compounds. The aim of the present work was to assess the gastroprotective action mechanisms of CA and its derivatives using human cell culture models. A human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS) and lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) were used to reveal the possible mechanisms involved. The ability of the compounds to protect cells against sodium taurocholate (NaT)-induced damage, and to increase the cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content was determined using AGS cells. Stimulation of cell proliferation was studied employing MRC-5 fibroblasts. Carnosic acid and its derivatives 10–18 raised GSH levels in AGS cells. While CA did not increase the PGE2 content in AGS cells, all derivatives significantly stimulated PGE2 synthesis, the best effect being found for the 12-O-indolebutyrylmethylcarnosate 13. A significant increase in MRC-5 fibroblast proliferation was observed for the derivatives 7 and 16–18. The antioxidant effect of the compounds was assessed by the inhibition of lipid peroxidation in human erythrocyte membranes, scavenging of superoxide anion and DPPH discoloration assay. The new CA derivatives showed gastroprotective effects by different mechanisms, including protection against cell damage induced by NaT, increase in GSH content, stimulation of PGE2 synthesis and cell proliferation.