Merapi Eruption Research Articles

Impact of the “Mengabu (Facing Ash Storms) Disaster Preparedness” Program on Adolescents’ Knowledge About Disaster Preparedness in Kresik Tuo Village, Kayu Aro District, Kerinci Regency, Jambi

Natural disasters have become an integral part of people's lives in Indonesia, disrupting daily activities and causing significant impacts. Indonesia, located in the Ring of Fire, faces a high risk of volcanic eruptions, including the active Mount Kerinci which has the potential to cause disasters such as volcanic ashfall. Kresik Tuo Village, located near Mount Kerinci, faces a direct threat from this eruption. The community, especially the youth, need to improve their preparedness and knowledge to deal with potential disasters. The "MENGABU Siaga dalam Bencana" program is designed to improve the preparedness of the Kresik Tuo Village community in dealing with potential volcanic ashfall, with the hope of contributing to the development of community preparedness strategies in disaster-prone areas. To improve the knowledge of youth in Kresik Tuo Village related to disasters and disaster preparedness. The study used the Pre-Experimental research method with a Prepost Test Design. Sampling used a non-probability sampling technique with convenience sampling according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of 40 respondents. Wilcoxon test shows that there is a significant increase in the knowledge of youth preparedness for the eruption of Mount Merapi after being given the "Mengabu Siaga dalam Bencana" program. All respondents experienced an increase in knowledge, as indicated by a positive ranks value of 40 and a p value = 0.000. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that there is a significant effect of the "Mengabu (Mengabu Storm Ash) Siaga Dalam Bencana" Program on Youth Preparedness Knowledge for Disasters in Kresik Tuo Village, Kayu Aro District, Kerinci Regency, Jambi in increasing youth knowledge.

Preliminary assessment of river ecosystem services in the volcanic area of Mount Merapi, Indonesia

River ecosystem services (RES) are vulnerable to landscape changes mainly by volcanic eruptions. Therefore, this study aims to assess RES in the volcanic area which was affected by the major and minor eruptions of Mount Merapi, Indonesia. The RES referred to the regulating and supporting services of the Krasak River in Jogjakarta. The research involved collecting water and biodiversity samples from two distinct Merapi’s hazard zones (KRB I and KRB II) along the river. Parameters related to regulating services, such as particulate, organic, and nutrient purification, biological control, as well as supporting services like primary productivity, were quantified. We conducted an analysis to understand how landscape conditions interacted with these parameters and employed the t-test to assess differences in RES between the two KRBs. Our findings revealed that the Krasak River exhibited a range of values, including 2.40–5.95 mg/l for Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), 0.61–3.41 mg/l for nitrate, 0.02–0.11 mg/l for phosphate, 160–60,000 MPN/100 ml for coliform, and 156.3–937 µg/l for chlorophyll-A. These values demonstrated the river’s capacity to perform both regulation and support services. However, certain segments showed variations in ecosystem services, possibly due to the presence of autochthonous matter from aquatic organisms and decomposing organic matters. This showed that volcanic eruption and landscape are closely linked with the water quality and aquatic biodiversity, which affect the ecosystem services.

Sentimen Analysis Social Media for Disaster using Naïve Bayes and IndoBERT

The rapid advancement of information and communication technology has resulted in a significant surge in data, especially text data from social media platforms. This paper presents a sentiment analysis approach using IndoBERT and Naïve Bayes algorithms to classify sentiment related to natural disasters, specifically from a dataset of tweets derived from social media platform X. The focus of this research is to categorize tweets as positive and negative sentiment to provide useful insights in improving disaster response and management, with a focus on tweets related to earthquakes, floods, and the eruption of Mount Merapi. The goal is to assist the government in allocating aid more efficiently and understanding public sentiment during disasters. The methodology used includes data collection, data preparation, labeling, categorization, word weighting using tf-idf, data separation, and classification using Naïve Bayes and IndoBERT algorithms. The results showed that IndoBERT achieved 91% accuracy, while Naïve Bayes achieved 74% accuracy. The study highlights the potential of sentiment analysis in improving disaster preparedness and more effective response strategies.

Potensi Cadangan Biji Tumbuhan Bawah Pasca Erupsi Merapi di Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi

The 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi caused the ecosystem of Mount Merapi National Park had damage. The recovery of the surrounding ecosystem was called succession . Soil seed bank can be a seed resource for the succession. This research was conducted to analyze vegetation composition and explore the potential seed bank of understorey plants. The vegetation analysis was done using a quadratic method in the three locations: highly damaged, moderately damaged, and lightly damaged. A 1×1 m2 plot was used to collect 9 soil samples from each location. The soil samples were stored in a greenhouse for the germination test. Results showed that Poaceae dominated the vegetation in three locations. The vegetation in moderately and lightly damaged locations has a higher score in diversity and evenness than that in highly damaged locations. The seed bank results showed approximately 34 understorey plants from 14 families dominated by Poaceae. The similarity between the standing aboveground vegetation and soil seed banks in the three locations was low.

Vegetation Analysis of Tree and Pole Community as Part of Succession in Turgo Hill, Yogyakarta

Vegetation analysis is the primary method of ascertaining the structure of the vegetation. This paper aims to analyze the diversity of tree and pole found on Turgo Hill, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region following primary succession due to Mount Merapi eruption. Data collection was conducted by sampling plots with a total of 16 sampling plots consisting of 8 plots of 20x20m for trees and 8 plots of 10x10m for poles. A total of 91 individuals composed of 60 trees and 31 poles, were observed in the sampling area. Based on Importance Value (IV), the most dominant tree species is Swietenia mahagoni (IV 116,38%), followed by Artocarpus Heteropyllus (IV 32,7%), and Meiopsis eminii (IV 24,12%). The most dominant pole species is Swietenia mahagoni (IV 60,78%) followed by Durio zibenthius (IV 37.16%) and Albizia chinensis (IV 36.38%). It can be concluded that Swietenia mahagoni is the most dominated tree and pole species.

Identification of River Ecosystem Services through Water Utilization at Merapi Volcano, Indonesia

Merapi volcano is renowned as one of the world’s most active and densely populated volcanoes. Despite the constant high risk it presents, local residents continue to inhabit the Merapi slopes, primarily due to the ecosystem services that sustain their lives. River ecosystem services in this area are particularly vulnerable to landscape changes, largely driven by volcanic eruptions and human activities. This study aims to define the river ecosystem services by exploring the water utilization in Krasak River, which has been affected by Merapi eruptions from 2010 to 2023. The evaluation of water utilization was conducted using an ecosystem services approach, involving semi-structured interviews with 42 informants in six villages located along the upstream, middle stream, and downstream of the Krasak River. Content analysis was employed to explore water utilization practices and categorize river ecosystem services. The results revealed that water utilization in Krasak watershed comprises the use of springs and wells for supplying drinking needs and domestic needs as well as the use of rivers for irrigation water, fish ponds and recreation activities. Variations in Krasak River water utilization in different segments were influenced by water quality, quantity, accessibility, and the availability of alternative water sources. Based on local perspectives, the prominent river services encompass provisioning (e.g., irrigation, fish ponds, rural water supply, sand and stones), regulating (e.g., water quality maintenance, groundwater quantity), supporting (e.g., primary productivity), and cultural (e.g., recreation, aesthetic value) services. Challenges to river ecosystem services include concerns about river water utilization’s impact on perceptions of the river’s value and the roles of local communities and government in Krasak River management. These findings would contribute valuable insights for enhancing sustainable water resource management in the Merapi area.

Primary school infrastructure preparedness analysis regarding the hazard of Mount Merapi eruption in Selo District Boyolali Regency

Facilities and infrastructure are essential in implementing education and safe spaces in schools. The infrastructure aspect is vital in protecting the school community as an environmental management that ensures the safety of the entire school community against the threat of disaster. This research aims to analyze the preparedness of elementary school infrastructure in Selo District, Boyolali Regency, against the Mount Merapi eruption disaster. The school structure preparedness assessment uses four indicators: structural, architectural, furniture and contents, and other supporting equipment: collection techniques using surveys, observation, interviews, and documentation. The research objects are 12 elementary schools located on the slopes of Mount Merapi in Selo District. The research results show that the preparedness of all schools’ structural indicators is in the high category; in architectural hands, there are eight schools in the high class and four schools in the medium type. Regarding furniture and contents, all schools are in the medium category.

Disaster preparedness for tourist village organizers in disaster prone area of Merapi Yogyakarta

Background: A number of tourist villages in Sleman Regency are located in Disaster Prone Area (DPA). To minimize the risks of disasters, preparedness efforts are required. Some of the components of preparedness are: knowledge of disaster risks, polices and guidelines in relation to the preparedness to anticipate the occurrence of natural disaster, emergency plan for natural disasters, disaster alert system, and resources mobilization. Tourist Villages of Pentingsari, Nganggring, and Tunggularum are located in Merapi Disaster Prone Area (DPA). These three tourist villages were selected due to their high vulnerability and risk potential of Merapi eruption due to their locations in DPA III and DPA II. Methods: This is a qualitative study with case study design. The subjects of the study were tourist village organizers who had knowledge and understanding of tourist villages with the criteria of their positions in the tourist village organization. The sample taking technique applied to the subjects was the purposive sampling technique. Results: The level disaster preparedness in terms of knowledge parameter among some tourist village organizers was limited since only few things were understood. In terms of policy and guidelines parameter, these components were not available for the tourist village organizers. With regard to the parameter of emergency plan for the organizers, this component was limited since there were some lack of preparation in a number of components. In relation to the parameter of disaster alert system for the tourist village organizers, this aspect was found to be good. With regard to the parameter of resource mobilization for the tourist village organizers, it was found that this aspect was unavailable since there were not enough decent facilities. Conclusions: the level of disaster preparedness in the disaster prone area of Merapi Yogyakarta was still limited in dealing with the threats of Mount Merapi eruption disaster.

Community Perceptions of the Progo River Sand and Stone Mining Activities in Yogyakarta (Study in the Communities of Sendangagung Village)

This research aims to determine the perceptions of people living in mining areas regarding the impacts of sand and stone mining activities on the Progo River, Yogyakarta. This research uses a qualitative type with a case study method. Primary data collection was carried out by interviews as well as observations and supporting documents or literature for secondary data. Sand and stone mining activities in the Progo River using heavy equipment by individuals and companies under the pretext of normalizing river flow after the eruption of Mount Merapi based on Decree Number 284 of 2011. This regulation has been misunderstood by various parties, which has given rise to uncontrolled sand mining. One example of mining that caused community rejection occurred in Sendangagung Village, especially the Jomboran, Pundak Wetan and Wiyu areas of Yogyakarta. Researchers found that the community rejected mining because the community had the perception that mining companies took it with heavy equipment without paying attention to the preservation of the land and the environment, which resulted in land degradation, landslides, air pollution and water pollution. Apart from that, the community questions the legitimacy of the government in issuing non-transparent mining permits

The characteristic of impacted soil by the Merapi Eruption in Plawangan Hill of Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Mount Merapi National Park (TNGM) is one of the active volcanos in Indonesia. It has past volcano eruption history since 1911 up to date. Specifically, Plawangan Hill is a part of the TNGM recently designated as Geo-heritage and has experienced volcano eruption indirectly and directly. Additionally, since the Indonesian government designates Plawangan Hill as a Geological Heritage (Geo-Heritage) location, it is crucial to determine its geological features and how they relate to the development of the vegetation there as the study’s objectives. A field survey and a soil laboratory examination were conducted to obtain the data. As a result, Plawangan Hill’s DEM was classified from very low to very high classes, while the DSM was categorized from flat to very steep slopes. Further, the results demonstrated that the pH of the soil was typically somewhat acidic (5.93–6.54). While the soil’s nitrogen content was found to be low to medium, both phosphorus and potassium levels were typically very low. The carbon-nitrogen ratio was generally categorized into the medium, while the organic C ranged from low to medium (1.44% to 3.22%). The soil’s N total, K total, organic matter, carbon content, and C-N ratio increased by the erupted material age. Additionally, it was discovered that the vegetation growth was excellent in indirect (IA) and directly affected (DA) conditions, as indicated by their diameter at breast height (Dbh) and height (H). The correlation between soil characteristics and vegetation growth differed in indirectly affected (IA) and directly affected (DA) areas. As a result, the study found that volcanic materials significantly contributed to Plawangan Hill’s soil characteristics and vegetation growth. Furthermore, this study’s findings were highly beneficial because they were one of the primary explanations for why Plawangan Hill was designated a Geo-heritage site.

Potential Nutrient Carriers of Easily Weathered Minerals from Pyroclastic Materials of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta

The eruption of Mount Merapi has had a negative impact on the community; however, on the other hand, it also has positive aspects that cannot be ignored. One of the major benefits associated with the eruption of this mountain is its ability to fertilize and restore the quality of the surrounding soil. This process of soil restoration involves the use of volcanic materials resulting from the eruption, specifically known as rejuvination or soil rejuvenation. In the concept of soil rejuvenation, pyroclastic materials play an important role due to their nutrient-rich content. These pyroclastic materials consist of various types of rocks and minerals, which have great potential to make a positive contribution in providing nutrients needed by plants. Based on the results of X-Ray diffraction analysis, the pyroclastic material from Mount Merapi is dominated by the mineral Albite, accounting for 81.3%. This mineral has the property of being easily weathered and susceptible to weathering agents. Volcanic materials from Mount Merapi can be utilized as agrominerals, this concept involves using volcanic material as a source of nutrients for plants since it contains both macro and micro nutrients required by plants.

Mineralogical properties of pyroclastic materials from Mount Merapi, Indonesia

Mount Merapi, located in Indonesia, is known as one of the most active volcanoes globally, often resulting in volcanic eruptions that produce pyroclastic materials. These materials from Mount Merapi’s eruptions have the potential to influence soil fertility in areas affected by the volcanic activities. This study aims to analyze the mineralogical properties of pyroclastic materials from Mount Merapi. The methodology involves collecting pyroclastic material samples from the 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi, followed by analysis using various mineralogical techniques such as polarized microscopy, X-ray diffraction, petrographic analysis, and wet chemical analysis. The findings offer detailed insights into the mineral composition, types of clay minerals, overall elemental presence, and the rock types forming these minerals in the pyroclastic materials. Variations in mineral composition are observed in the pyroclastic materials from Mount Merapi. Predominant minerals, including the plagioclase, pyroxene, and hornblende groups, are distinctly identified. These minerals’ presence suggests their susceptibility to weathering, categorized as easily weatherable minerals. This tendency for weathering is shown by the presence of elements like Na, Ca, and Mg in these minerals, which are crucial macro-nutrients for plant growth.

Analysis of Disaster Resilience Governance in Pancoh Tourist Village, Yogyakarta

Mount Merapi, an active volcano, poses constant threats to the surrounding communities. Pancoh, a village located 9.6 km away, has embraced resilience efforts in response to the eruption in 2010. This research aims to explore the community's preparedness, disaster risk management strategies, and investments in disaster risk reduction, focusing on the development of sustainable ecotourism. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed for this study. The research findings reveal that resilience initiatives in Pancoh Tourism Village commenced after the 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi. Disaster risk management is achieved through the promotion of sustainable ecotourism. The research concludes that Pancoh Tourism Village has made commendable progress in building resilience since the Mount Merapi eruption in 2010. The integration of sustainable ecotourism, community involvement, and investments in disaster risk reduction showcases a holistic approach to mitigating the impact of volcanic disasters.

Land Evaluation for Cassava Cultivation in Southern Slope of Mount Merapi: Case Study in Palemsari Hamlet, Umbulharjo Village (Cangkringan, Sleman)

Palemsari Hamlet (Umbulharjo Village, Cangkringan District, Sleman Regency) is one of areas located in Southern Slope of Mt. Merapi, which was directly affected by the eruption cycle of Mt. Merapi. The aftereffect of 2010 eruption had reduced land productivity, making it less suitable for crop cultivation. Therefore, this study was aimed to re-evaluate the land suitability of Palemsari Hamlet, particularly for cassava cultivation, after 10 years of eruption. This study was carried out from June – November 2021 in Palemsari Hamlet. Physiographic conditions and soil properties were observed through survey. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and spatially to determine the characteristics through a series of laboratory analysis. This data was used to determine the class of land suitability. Results showed that the land suitability in PalemsariHamlet was considered as moderately suitable (S2) for cassava cultivation. This area was found to have less suitable soil texture due to the high percentage of sand fraction. According to this result, the soil condition in Palemsari Hamlet is potential to be used for cassava cultivation with the support of organic matter application to improve its physical properties. This recommendation could be beneficial for the future land use planning in the affected areas of Mt. Merapi eruption.

Power Relations in 2023 Merapi Eruption Management

Local wisdom plays a crucial role in disaster mitigation, as exemplified during the 2023 eruption of Mount Merapi. Amid the eruption, societal myths circulated, asserting that Merapi erupted to conceal mining-induced holes. The statement was made by the Sultan of Yogyakarta Special District (Sultan DIY) during an interview with the media. It then receives responses and pros and cons from the community, then forms a community perspective. Researchers analyzed data from a Jogja TV interview with the Sultan, using semiotic analysis and Foucault's power relations theory. The findings reveal that there is discourse and knowledge that portrays Merapi's eruption as a corrective response to mining damage. This narrative gained societal acceptance, highlighting the influential role of local authorities in shaping disaster perceptions. However, the discourse also raises the counterpoint of disagreement.

The long-term impact of humanitarian housing interventions following the 2010 Merapi eruption

There is strong evidence of the short-term impact of humanitarian interventions after disasters, however, relatively less is known about what, if any, impact this support has on long-term recovery outcomes in communities. This research examined long-term housing outcomes following assistance provided after the 2010 Merapi eruption in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. We surveyed 316 households who received and did not receive housing assistance following damaging lahar flows in the community of Jogoyudan to assess housing quality through a multi-dimensional measure. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression was used to evaluate the relationship of humanitarian assistance on housing quality outcomes, controlling for respondent and household demographics as well as the impacts of the disaster. Findings indicate that post-disaster housing assistance was positively correlated with higher long-term housing quality. Land tenure was found to be the strongest predictor of housing quality, explaining nearly a fifth of variance in housing quality. Livelihoods and construction abilities were also found to be significant predictors of long-term housing quality. Our results demonstrate the value of post-disaster housing programs in raising the living standard of recovering communities and the institutional, economic, and knowledge systems that support housing markets.

Capacity Of Magelang Regency In Protecting The Historical Site Of Mendut Temple From Mount Merapi Eruption

Mount Merapi is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, which is administratively located on the western side of the mountain in Magelang Regency. There is a historical site, namely the Mendut Temple in Magelang Regency which was affected by the eruption of Mount Merapi. To reduce the impact of the eruption of Mount Merapi on the historical site of Mendut Temple, capacity and cooperation from stakeholders in the Magelang Regency area are needed. The purpose of this study was to analyze the capacity of Magelang Regency in protecting the historical site of Mendut Temple from Mount Merapi Eruption. This research method uses a qualitative approach with the locus of research conducted in the Magelang Regency area. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. As for data checking by triangulation and data analysis techniques using interactive analysis models. The results of the study show that mitigation focuses on structural aspects, especially post-disaster activities by covering tarpaulins while non-structural ones are not optimal due to gaps in coordination, communication and cooperation between agencies. The Mount Merapi disaster risk assessment in increasing the capacity of Magelang Regency through strategic efforts ranging from study procedures or SOPs to well-prepared scenarios and alternatives such as several evacuation signs and symbols. Aspects of innovation and knowledge have been carried out by Magelang Regency through the sister village program to provide information on evacuation with a mutual cooperation system. The Magelang Regency disaster risk factor in the aspect of the policy plan refers to existing regulations and has prepared land for settlements for eruption disaster victims with a grant system from the Magelang Regency Government. Institutional capacity needs to be understood together by collaborating and establishing a shared consensus on the policies to be built.

Examining the evacuation routes of the sister village program by using the ant colony optimization algorithm

Abstract Evacuation routes are necessary to guide people to avoid hazardous and dangerous zones and to prevent the loss of human lives, especially in the event of volcanic eruptions. This article attempts to examine the evacuation routes of the sister village program by using the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. Model simulations and calculations of the ACO algorithm were done by aggregation of the five determined parameters including distance, speed, hurdle, density, and secure point. The validation of the model was carried out by the examination of the five most prone disaster villages located in Mount Merapi that are interconnected as sister villages in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province, and Indonesia. This research is important to ensure that the sister village evacuation system is effective in reducing the impact of the risks posed by the eruption of Mount Merapi. Based on the results, sister village evacuation systems are proven to be the fastest and safest routes by the ACO examination

AdaBoost Classification for Predicting Residential Habitation Status in Mount Merapi Post-Eruption Rehabilitation

This research paper explores the use of the AdaBoost algorithm for predicting residential habitation status in the aftermath of the Mount Merapi eruption. Using a dataset from the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Task Force, with 2516 instances and 11 attributes, the AdaBoost model was trained and evaluated. The model demonstrated a robust performance with an accuracy of 92%, though it struggled with correctly identifying all 'No Habited' instances. These findings underscore the potential of machine learning algorithms in disaster management, particularly in optimizing resource allocation and expediting recovery times. Future research should aim to improve the model's performance on imbalanced datasets and explore the incorporation of temporal dimensions for more dynamic and accurate predictions.

Implementasi Progam Peningkatan Pemahaman Masyarakat Nagari Pariangan Dalam Penaggulangan Bencana Dan Evakuasi Tahun 2023

There are 10 percent of Indonesian people who live around the slopes of volcanoes. One of the areas in Indonesia that has an active volcano is in the province of West Sumatra, namely Mount Marapi which is located between the districts of Tanah datar and the city of Bukittinggi. The risk of loss of life in the event of an eruption or eruption of Merapi in the future will have a high risk of loss of life if the people and tourists of Village Pariangan do not understand disaster mitigation and evacuation. in analyzing details to provide an overview of community understanding of mitigation and evacuation with a Likert scale then unification of activities to increase community understanding in terms of mitigation and evacuation such as community empowerment, infrastructure improvement, and so on with related agencies around village Pariangan. By holding regular evacuation training and simulations for the community. It is hoped that people's understanding of disaster mitigation and evacuation can increase and be better prepared in dealing with future disaster risks.