Eriochrome Black T Research Articles

Utilization of NaOH Treated Rice Husk for Adsorptive Discharge of Eriochrome Black-T from an Aqueous Solution

Utilization of NaOH Treated Rice Husk for Adsorptive Discharge of Eriochrome Black-T from an Aqueous Solution

Insights into application of aqueous biphasic systems of deep eutectic solvents composed of benzyltrialkylammonium chloride in dye separation

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are considered the newest entry in the list of green solvents and they are analogues of ionic liquids (ILs), with excellent solvent characteristics better than commonly used organic solvents and ILs. Owing to this, We have prepared DES using benzyltrialkylammonium chloride (BTAAC) including benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (BTMAC), benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTEAC), and benzyltributylammonium chloride (BTBAC) as hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and glycols, like ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG) as hydrogen bond donors (HBD). Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) were developed using the synthesized DESs and K3PO4, K2HPO4, and K2CO3 at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The phase-forming ability of DES has been evaluated based on the nature of potassium salts, HBA and HBD. In most cases, the influence of salts on ABS formation was found to follow the order: K3PO4 > K2HPO4 > K2CO3, while HBAs follow: BTBAC > BTEAC > BTMAC. The performance of the ABSs was experimentally applied for the extraction of Methyl orange (MO), Eriochrome black T (EBT), and Eosin Y (EY). In most ABS, the extraction order for the studied dyes noticed was: MO < EBT < EY, consistent with their hydrophobic nature. ABS consisting of BTBAC:TEG + K2HPO4 and BTBAC:TEG + K3PO4 was found to lead to the complete extraction of MO, EBT, and EY. The recovery of extracted EY dye was performed by adsorption method using starch-modified chitosan as an adsrobent.

Multi-functional nanoscale ZrO2 catalysts for sustainable water treatment

This study aimed to synthesize highly reactive ZrO2 nanoparticles using a straightforward sol-gel method for addressing water contamination from hazardous metal ions and organic dyes. Structural and photocatalytic properties were assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the tetragonal crystal structure of ZrO2. Photodegradation experiments using Eriochrome Black T (EBT) as a model dye revealed nearly 99% degradation under natural sunlight. Investigations into catalyst loading, dye concentration, pH, and irradiation source were conducted. Preliminary tests demonstrated the adsorbent's efficacy in removing Ca2+ ions. Further process optimizations could significantly enhance the potential of this innovative adsorbent for extracting metal ions from complex effluents.

Amphiphilic Azo-Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane; Synthesis and Photo-Switched Efficient Phase Transfer via Host-Guest Encapsulation.

A new amphiphilic azo-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) derivative was synthesized by functionalizing octa(3-aminopropyl)silsesquioxane (OAS-POSS) with 4-((4-(dodecyloxy)phenyl)diazenyl)benzoic acid, affording a hydrophilic amino POSS head and hydrophobic dodecyl tail with a diphenyl-azo connector. Prepared amphiphilic azo-functionalized POSS (azo-POSS) exhibited high ability for encapsulation and transferring cationic dyes into the organic phase by vigorously mixing with aqueous solutions of each dye. The photo-controlled encapsulating properties of the synthesized phase transfer reagent was studied using cationic dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV) and thymol blue in acidic conditions. Results showed more than 95 % encapsulation of MB. However, no considerable encapsulation was shown in the case of anionic dyes such as eriochrome black T (EBT) and thymol blue in alkaline solutions. By trans/cis isomerization of the azo moiety of the phase transfer reagent by UV irradiation (365 nm), the amount of dye encapsulation was decreased, which could be attributed to the formation of cis isomer that led to the folding of the dodecyl alkyl tail on the POSS moiety, and therefore prevent to lay the 3-aminopropyl moieties of POSS head to the water/DCM interface to adsorb and encapsulate MB molecules.

A mesothelin microsensor based on an embedded thionine electronic medium within an imprinted polymer on an acupuncture needle electrode.

An electrochemical microsensor for mesothelin (MSLN) based on an acupuncture needle (AN) was constructed in this work. To prepare the microsensor, MSLN was self-assembled on 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) by an interaction force between the external cis-diol and phenylboronic acid. This was followed by the gradual electropolymerization of thionine (TH) and eriochrome black T (EBT) around the anchored protein. The thickness of the surface imprinted layers influenced the sensing performance and needed to be smaller than the height of the anchored protein. The polymerized EBT was not electrically active, but the polymerized TH provided a significant electrochemical signal. Therefore, electron transfer smoothly proceeded through the eluted nanocavities. The imprinted nanocavities were highly selective toward MSLN, and the rebinding of insulating proteins reduced the electrochemical signal of the embedded pTH. The functionalized interface was characterized by SEM and electrochemical methods, and the preparation conditions were studied. After optimization, the sensor showed a linear response in the range of 0.1 to 1000 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 10 pg mL-1, indicating good performance compared with other reported methods. This microsensor also showed high sensitivity and stability, which can be attributed to the fine complementation of the imprinted organic nanocavities. The sensitivity of this sensor was related to the nanocavities used for electron transport around the AuNPs. In the future, microsensors that can directly provide electrochemical signals are expected to play important roles especially on AN matrices.

Two cobaltous PCPs: rapid catalytic degradation of POPs coupled with remarkable antibacterial and antifungal properties.

In this work, we report the synthesis of two cobalt-based porous coordination polymers (PCPs): [Co3(BTC)2(H2O)12]n (1) and [Co3(BTC)2(DMP)8]n (2) [where BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate and DMP = 3,5-dimethylpyrazole]. These compounds were characterized using a range of physicochemical techniques, including UV-DRS, FT-IR, SCXRD, PXRD, TGA, and FE-SEM/EDX. The synthesized PCPs effectively catalyzed the degradation of various persistent organic pollutants (POPs) rapidly, which includes both cationic and anionic dyes such as Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB), Indigo Carmine (IC), Methyl Orange (MO), Orange G (OG), and Eriochrome Black T (EBT). They also have excellent efficacy in degrading nitroaromatics viz. 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (2,4,6-TNP) in the presence of NaBH4 as a reductant. In addition, these PCPs exhibited remarkable antibacterial and antifungal properties, demonstrating strong activity against bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, as well as the fungal strain Candida albicans. These results indicate that these two PCPs have considerable potential for catalyzing the rapid degradation of POPs, while also showing promising biological activities, offering substantial opportunities for future research.

Indirect Spectrophotometric Determination of Furosemide using Eriochrome Black-T Dye

A simple, economical and sensitive indirect spectrophotometric method for the determination of furosemide in its pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations is described. The method is based on the oxidation of furosemide by permanganate in acidic medium, then the reaction of the remaining potassium permanganate to oxidize the dye Eriochrome Black-T at a wavelength of 535 nm. The method follows Beer's law within the range (0.25-10) μg mL-1 and the molar absorbance is 1.5×104 L mol-1 cm-1. The value of the determination coefficient was 0.9984, the recovery rate was 100.53 % and the relative error value was 1.12 %, while the value of the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification was (LOQ) 0.118 and 0.395 μg mL-1 respectively. It was found that the method does not suffer from interactions, and the method can be applied to pharmaceutical preparations (ampoules and tablets).

Synthesis and characterization of Fe doped ZnO nanoparticles for the photocatalytic degradation of Eriochrome Black-T dye

Synthesis and characterization of Fe doped ZnO nanoparticles for the photocatalytic degradation of Eriochrome Black-T dye

Adsorption of Eriochrome Black-T dye by batch investigations using waste tea@Fe NPs as low-cost adsorbent

Adsorption of Eriochrome Black-T dye by batch investigations using waste tea@Fe NPs as low-cost adsorbent

Indirect Spectrophotometric Determination of Metformin Via Decolorization Eriochrome Black-T

The research included the description of a simple indirect spectrophotometric method for the determination of Metformin, which depended on the oxidation of Metformin with an amount of N- bromosuccinimide in the presence of acetic acid and the excess amount of it oxidized the dye Eriochrome black-T, and the absorption was measured at 520 nm, and the molar absorption coefficient was 4 × 104 L / mol. cm, indicating the sensitivity of the method. And compliance with Beer's law for concentrations ranged from (2-16) micrograms. ML-1, the method was characterized by good accuracy and compatibility, with a recoverability of 100.155%. While the relative standard deviation was less than 1.0.The method was applied to pharmaceutical preparations of Metformin hydrochloride.

The adsorbent GREEN SYNTHESIS OF CHARCOLATED ADSORBENT DERIVED FROM PUNICA GRANTANUM STEMS AND ITS APPLICATION IN DYE REMOVAL OF METHYL ORANGE, CHROMOSEINT BLUE, ERIOCHROME BLACK -T AND MALACHITE GREEN

The existence of dye molecules prolonged in water effluents of special concern is removed through green synthesized Punica Grantanum stem adsorbent (PGSA) embedded in removal of dye as methyl orange, Chromoseint blue, Eriochrome black-T, malachite green. Charcolated adsorbent was subjected to characterization as, SEM, TEM and FTIR. PGSA was employed in parametric study of effect of pH, effect of adsorbent dose on dye removal, effect of adsorbent on concentration of dye and effect of temperature on dye removal. Maximum removal of dye was observed at basic pH 8, as adsorbent dose of 0.5g give maximum removal of dye molecules. Maximum dye concentration of 1×10-5M show best result for dye removal and 30°C temperature was effective for various dyes giving removal efficiency. Experimental work was conducted on UV-Visible spectrophotometer with time gradient of 15 minutes time interval up to 180 minutes. So, this study revels use of charcolated adsorbent of Punica Grantanum stem is effective for dye removal purpose.

Propane-1,3-bis(hexadecyldimethylammonium bromide)-bentonite-based novel hybrid material for the elimination of textile dyes

This work addresses intercalation of a gemini surfactant, propane-1,3-bis(hexadecyldimethylammonium bromide) (g-16–3-16), into bentonite (Bt) clay for developing a novel hybrid material which can eliminate dyes from the wastewater. The prepared g-16–3-16-Bt hybrid material was characterized through FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and BET. The material exhibited an approximate removal efficiency of 95 % for congo red (CR) and eriochrome black T (EBT) under optimal conditions (pH = 3, concentration of dyes = 10 mg/L, adsorbent dose = 2 g/L, equilibrium time = 180 min., temperature = 25 °C). With increase in concentration of both the dyes (1 to 25 mg/L), the g-16–3-16-Bt demonstrates a notable increase in adsorption capacity towards CR (0.4 to 11.1 mg/g) and EBT (0.5 to 10.7 mg/g), respectively. The adsorption was examined with several co-existing ions and found that among the Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, EDTA, sulphate, bicarbonate and glycine, only bicarbonate and Mg2+ slightly impacted the EBT removal (from 95 % to 83 % and 78 %, respectively), whereas all affected in the case of CR. With a rise in the NaCl concentration, the efficiency of g-16–3-16-Bt towards CR removal declined (from 88 % to 62 %) considerably, however, it did not affect much with EBT. The results of adsorption studies were found to follow pseudo-second-order kinetic model and match well with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity of g-16–3-16-Bt towards CR and EBT were found to be 30.95 and 19.15 mg/g respectively. The g-16–3-16-Bt hybrid material exhibited a good efficiency even after 4th adsorption–desorption cycle (∼79 % removal) and was found to be efficient for the elimination of CR and EBT from real wastewater.

Mobile Point-of-Care Device Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Chemosensors Targeting Interleukin-1β Biomarker.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have garnered significant attention as a promising material for engineering specific biological receptors with superior chemical complementarity to target molecules. In this study, we present an electrochemical biosensing platform incorporating MIP films for the selective detection of the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) biomarker, particularly suitable for mobile point-of-care testing (POCT) applications. The IL-1β-imprinted biosensors were composed of poly(eriochrome black T (EBT)), including an interlayer of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) and a 4-aminothiophenol monolayer, which were electrochemically polymerized simultaneously with template proteins (i.e., IL-1β) on custom flexible screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The architecture of the MIP films was designed to enhance the sensor sensitivity and signal stability. This approach involved a straightforward sequential-electropolymerization process and extraction for leaving behind cavities (i.e., rebinding sites), resulting in the efficient production of MIP-based biosensors capable of molecular recognition for selective IL-1β detection. The electrochemical behaviors were comprehensively investigated using cyclic voltammograms and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy responses to assess the imprinting effect on the MIP films formed on the SPCEs. In line with the current trend in in vitro diagnostic medical devices, our simple and effective MIP-based analytical system integrated with mobile POCT devices offers a promising route to the rapid detection of biomarkers, with particular potential for periodontitis screening.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes in Wastewater Using Solar Enhanced Nickel Oxide (NiO) Nanocatalysts Prepared by Chemical Methods.

This study examined the surface morphology and photocatalytic activity of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles prepared through a chemical method. The synthesized nanoparticle was characterized by using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Photocatalytic degradation of hazardous Eriochrome Black T (EBT) was carried out using the synthesized nanoparticle and the efficiency of the NiO used was determined. Highest degradation efficiency of 70% at 25mg loading was observed at 40min exposure time. The study concluded that the synthesized nanoparticles could be used in industrial wastewater treatment containing organic dyes.

Optimisation and evaluation of reactive eriochrome black T dye removal on magnetic iron modified with sky fruit from an aqueous solution

ABSTRACT The presence of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) in water bodies at low concentrations is creating many problems for human health and different aquatic organisms. In this manuscript, we synthesised magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) modified activated carbon (AC) derived from sky fruit by co-precipitation process for the removal of EBT dye from an aqueous solution. The structural features of the synthesised materials were analysed by utilising X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM) Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). To know the optimum value for EBT dye adsorption, we performed various parameters such as initial dye concentration was 20 mg/L, adsorbent dosage was 100 mg, stirring time was 350 rpm, contact time was 60 min and pH was 4. The isotherm model was well-fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.99). The adsorption capacity was found to be 49.48 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic model was well-fitted with the Pseudo-second-order model. In this research article, the adsorption mechanism was critically investigated. The adsorbent can be reusable after 5 cycles with 61.45%, which signifies that the adsorbent is a promising choice for EBT dye removal.

Synthesis and characterization of zinc stannate decorated on graphitic carbon nitride and study its potential for degradation of Eriochrome Black T and erythrosine under simulated sunlight

A key strategy for facilitating effective long-term photoinduced carrier separation and improving the photocatalytic efficiency of single photocatalysts is the development of heterojunction photocatalysts. The present study reports the fabrication of zinc stannate (ZnSnO3, ZSO) using an effortless and inexpensive sonochemical approach, and zinc stannate/graphitic carbon nitride (ZnSnO3/g-C3N4, ZSO/CN) nanocomposites with various contents of ZSO using a co-precipitation process assisted by ultrasound. Different instruments, including XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDS, TEM, DRS, PL, BET, were used to characterize the purity, morphology, and structures of the products. The DRS data revealed that the introduction of CN reduced the bandgap of ZSO, which made it suitable for working in the visible region. The proficiency of ZSO, CN, and diverse ZSO/CN nanocomposites was perused for erythrosine (ER) and eriochrome black T (EBT) degradation. This is the first time ZSO/CN nanocomposites have been used to degrade organic dyes. The outcomes demonstrated that multiple elements impacted proficiency, for example, the amount of ZSO, quantity of catalyst, and concentration of dye. ZSO/CN nanocomposite containing 0.1 g ZSO showed the highest proficiency, in that 89.8 % of ER was degraded in the presence of 70 mg of ZSO/CN (0.1:1). The scavenger trials unveiled that superoxide radicals exhibited outstanding characteristics in the photoreactions. The kinetics survey manifested that a superior proficiency (89.8 %) donated the maximum rate constant (k = 0.0248 min−1).

Sustainable nanohybrid of CaO with rGO for efficient photocatalytic removal of wastewater pollutants

The prominent water pollutants, Safranin (SF) and Eriochrome Black T (EBT) dye extensively used in plastic, leather, complexometric titrations, and textile industries, cause severe toxic impacts on the environment and human health. So, for their elimination, a cost-effective and sustainable hybrid of calcium oxide with reduced graphene oxide (rGO@CaO) was employed, synthesized using waste egg shells (precursor of calcium oxide), and thermal reduction of graphene oxide produced via modified Hummer's method. The sharp PXRD peaks confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanocomposite's pure and deformed spherical nanoparticles (20–40 nm). The removal of dyes was subsequently studied using the rGO@CaO nanocomposite (5–25 mg) at specific reaction conditions investigated (pollutant: 10–50 mgL-1, pH: 3–11, dark–sunlight). Under UV irradiation, the rGO@CaO nanocomposite demonstrated maximal degradation (SF: 97 % and EBT: 93 %) with 10 mg of catalytic dose at the initial dye concentration (10 mgL-1). The efficient photocatalytic efficacy of the rGO@CaO nanocomposite was supported by its small size, large surface area (48.06 m2g−1), higher negative zeta potential (-31.5 mV), and smaller bandgap (2.0 eV). Scavenger analysis revealed that holes, O2, and OH radicals play a crucial role in breaking the complex structure of SF and EBT. After degradation, safer metabolites developed, which was verified by LC-MS analysis. In conclusion, hybrid rGO@CaO nanocomposite is an efficient catalyst for industrial applications with broad potential due to its stability, higher charge separation, cost-effectiveness, and increased reusability (n = 8).

Investigation of the Photocatalytic Activity of Electrospun and Surface-Modified PAN/α-FeOOH Nanofibers for the Degradation of Hazardous Azo Dyes.

Decoration of α-FeOOH nanorods over PAN nanofibers was performed using the electrospinning technique. The as-designed decorated nanofibers were characterized using various techniques such as wide-angle powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-vis spectrophotometry (UV-vis), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). α-FeOOH NRs were decorated uniformly over PAN fibers, as observed from its morphological investigation, which shows novelty. 1D α-FeOOH nanorods with PAN nanofibers have not been studied for photocatalytic characteristics. No literature mentions that α-FeOOH nanorods coated in PAN NFs act as photocatalysts to degrade hazardous azo dyes. α-FeOOH nanorods on PAN NFs inhibit aggregation and increase dye binding, boosting photocatalytic performance. PAN/α-FeOOH NFs have a maximal specific surface area with a reduced bandgap than α-FeOOH NRs. PAN/α-FeOOH nanofibers showed excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Trypan blue (TB) (120 min, 99.7%) and Eriochrome black T (EBT) dyes (160 min, 97.6%), respectively, under solar light irradiation. PAN/α-FeOOH NFs have the potential to be used in the degradation of azo dyes and the treatment of wastewater due to their low energy requirements and versatility.

Partitioning behavior of dyes in ionic liquids induced aqueous biphasic systems of PPG 725 & ammonium salts

ABSTRACT Polypropylene glycol (PPG) is one of the most utilized polymers in aqueous biphasic systems. The low polarity of the polymer-rich phase restricts the application of the ABSs. The applicability of polymer rich ABSs can be induced by adding little amount of ionic liquids as adjuvants. Therefore, an analysis involving the introduction of a small amount of imidazolium-based ILs to PPG 725 + ammonium salts ABSs was performed. The phase diagrams as well as the partitioning behavior of dyes: Orange II (OII), Eriochrome Black T (EBT) and Brilliant Green (BG) were investigated. The addition of 5% 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [BMIM][AC] modulates the partition behaviors of all the investigated dyes. The employed ILs and dyes partitioned preferentially into the polymer-rich phase. The partition coefficients (Kdye) for all the dyes follow the sequence: BG > EBT > OII in all investigated ABSs. The results obtained are in accordance with the logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficients (log Kow) of the respective dyes. The recovery of BG dye from polymer phase has been studied successfully by adsorption onto chitosan.

Sonochemical synthesis and characterization of holmium stannate nanostructures and their application as photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants under simulated sunlight

Manufactured coloring agents are present in our life since they exist in different derivatives varying from furniture to leather accessories to clothes. These toxic combinations are the main components of industrial waste. Diverse techniques have been designed to withdraw organic pollutants from nature. In the present work, an environmentally friendly sonochemical procedure was performed to obtain holmium stannate (Ho2Sn2O7) nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic performance. The effect of sonication time and power was studied on the structure, morphology, and purity. Ho2Sn2O7 were used as a photocatalyst in the UV area due to its suitable bandgap (3.9 eV). The photocatalytic tests indicate that Ho2Sn2O7 nanostructures can degrade organic dyes, such as Eriochrome Black T (ECBT), malachite green (MG), and rhodamine B (RhB) in high values. Therefore, the degradation rate is 95.0% under ideal circumstances, which include 100 mg of catalyst and 10 ppm ECBT. According to the kinetics study, the superior rate constant (k = 0.0198 min−1) results in the maximum photocatalytic efficiency (95.0%). Superoxide radicals (O2•−) and holes (h+) were found to be the most active radicals implicated in the degradation of ECBT and erythrosine by the scavenger's test.