Eradication Of Weeds Research Articles

A Comprehensive Perception of Biological Control Potential of Endophytes and Quality Refinement of Lagenaria siceraria.

Agriculture and livestock management practices known as organic farming rely more on internal processes than external inputs. Natural environments depend heavily on diversity, and organic farming incorporates both the stated purpose of fostering diversity as well as the use of diversity as a management tool. A more complete understanding of agriculture in terms of agro-ecology has begun to be questioned by the traditional reductionist approach to the study of agriculture. Therefore it is necessary to be aware more about the significance of microbes in processes including soil growth, plant nourishment, and the eradication of plant disease, pest, and weeds. In this study, fluorescent Pseudomonas strain (EFP56) and Trichoderma harzianum were studied for antifungal and antibacterial activity against four common root rot fungi and four common laboratory bacteria in vitro experiments. Furthermore, soil-borne disease surveillance and nutritional quality of Lagenaria siceraria, fluorescent Pseudomonas strain (EFP56) and Trichoderma harzianum were combined with neem cake and cotton cake to check their efficacy. Through the application of organic soil amendments in combination with biocontrol agents improved the quality of vegetables and their nutritional value by raising their polyphenol, carbohydrate, and protein content as well as enhancing antioxidant scavenging status. The experiments were conducted in pots and in fields to confirm their efficacy rate. The final outcomes also revealed greater induction of defense system, disease lessening and enriched fruit quality. Consortium of neem cake and cotton cake with bio-stimulants can regulate biotic as well as abiotic stress.

Fisheries Enhancement after Hydrological Intervention in Chilika Lagoon and Strategies for Responsible Management

Chilika lagoon situated in the state of Orissa on the east coast of India is a hotspot of aquatic biodiversity including fish germplasms. Fishery yield from the lagoon contributes 71% to the total economic valuation of the ecosystem. The ecosystem suffered rapid degradation during the last few decades due to anthropogenic pressure and natural changes. Fish yield from mid-eighties onwards until hydrological intervention made by Chilika Development Authority during September, 2000 showed declining trend, registering lowest ever landings of 1274 t during 1995-96 and 1746 t in 1999-2000, immediately before opening of the new lagoon mouth. The opening of artificial mouth by dredging the sand spit reduced the 1ength of outer channel by 18 km. The hydrological intervention has resulted in many positive impacts such as spectacular increase in fishery yield and biodiversity, improvement in overall salinity regime, natural eradication of freshwater weeds, flushing out of silt etc. Sudden increase in fishery yield during 2000-01 immediately after opening of the new mouth registered 185.42% increase over the pre-mouth base year (1999-2000) and an all time high yield of 11,988.88 t during 2001-02, showing 586.74% increase over the base year has been recorded whose economic valuation was estimated at Rs.571.6 million. The average fishery yield for three years (2000-01 to 2002-03), economic valuation of fish catch, fishery diversity, migratory fish component, commercial fish groups, average productivity, per capita income and catch per unit effort (CPUE) during the post-mouth period registered 432.06%, 621.47%, 19.85%, 7.20%, 42.86%, 482.59%, 373.15% and 432.27% increase, respectively over the base year, 1999-2000.

Attraction of the Biocontrol Agent, Galerucella placida Towards Volatile Blends of Two Polygonaceae Weeds, Rumex dentatusand Polygonum glabrum.

The Polygonaceae weed, Rumex dentatusL. grows in association with wheat, mustard and potato, while Polygonum glabrum Willd. grows in association with rice in India. Both larvae and adults of Galerucella placida Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) voraciously consume these weeds. Applications of synthetic herbicides to control weeds are harmful to the environment including beneficial organisms. We propose to find volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from both weeds causing attraction of the biocontrol agent, G. placida, in order to attempt to use the insect as a biological weed control. Behavioral responses of G. placida towards volatile blends characteristic of undamaged (UD), insect-damaged (ID), jasmonic acid-treated (JA) or mechanically-damaged (MD) plants were conducted by Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. Cuminaldehyde was predominant in VOCs of UD R. dentatus, ID P. glabrum, and both JA and MD R. dentatus and P. glabrum. Geraniol was predominant in VOCs of UD P. glabrum, while 1,3-diethylbenzene predominated in VOCs of ID R. dentatus. Females were more attracted towards volatile blends of ID plants compared to UD or JA plants. Females did not show attraction towards volatile blends of JA plants. We identified two bioactive synthetics blends, one comprised of seven compounds - 16.65µg 1,3-diethylbenzene, 10.72µg acetophenone, 6.52µg 2,6-(E,Z)-nonadienal, 2.46µg 1-nonanol, 4.19µg decanal, 9.86µg 4-ethylacetophenone and 3.34µg 1-hexadecene dissolved in 25µl CH2Cl2 and the other containing five compounds - 2.50µg 2-octanol, 6.84µg limonene, 0.64µg dodecane, 6.63µg 4-ethylacetophenone and 0.24µg geranyl acetone dissolved in 25µl CH2Cl2. These two blends of volatile compounds could be used to attract the biocontrol agent during early vegetative period of these two weeds, which could lead to eradication of weeds from crop fields.

Herbicidal Eradication of Weeds in Maize Crop

Herbicidal Eradication of Weeds in Maize Crop

Development of a Light-Weight Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Precision Agriculture.

This paper describes the development of a modular unmanned aerial vehicle for the detection and eradication of weeds on farmland. Precision agriculture entails solving the problem of poor agricultural yield due to competition for nutrients by weeds and provides a faster approach to eliminating the problematic weeds using emerging technologies. This research has addressed the aforementioned problem. A quadcopter was built, and components were assembled with light-weight materials. The system consists of the electric motor, electronic speed controller, propellers, frame, lithium polymer (li-po) battery, flight controller, a global positioning system (GPS), and receiver. A sprayer module which consists of a relay, Raspberry Pi 3, spray pump, 12 V DC source, water hose, and the tank was built. It operated in such a way that when a weed is detected based on the deep learning algorithms deployed on the Raspberry Pi, general purpose input/output (GPIO) 17 or GPIO 18 (of the Raspberry Pi) were activated to supply 3.3 V, which turned on a DC relay to spray herbicides accordingly. The sprayer module was mounted on the quadcopter and from the test-running operation conducted, broadleaf and grass weeds were accurately detected and the spraying of herbicides according to the weed type occurred in less than a second.

Attraction of the biocontrol agent, Lema praeusta, towards two Commelinaceae weed volatiles

AbstractTwo Commelinaceae weeds, Commelina benghalensis L. and Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan, are abundant in rice fields of India. Larvae and adults of Lema praeusta (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) voraciously consume these two weeds. Synthetic herbicides are applied to control both weeds, but applications of these substances have harmful effects in environment and beneficial organisms. So, it is necessary to use native biocontrol agent to control these weeds. Hence, an attempt has been made to find volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from both weeds causing attraction of L. praeusta. Behavioural responses of L. praeusta towards volatile blends from undamaged (UD), insect‐damaged (ID: plants after 6 or 48 hr of continuous insect feeding) and mechanically damaged (MD) plants were conducted by Y‐tube olfactometer bioassays. Benzyl alcohol was predominant in VOCs of UD plants and M. nudiflora after 48 hr of insect feeding. Benzyl alcohol and cuminaldehyde were both predominant in VOCs of C. benghalensis after 48 hr of insect feeding. Females were more attracted towards volatile blends from plants after 48 hr of insect feeding compared to undamaged plants. Females showed attraction towards a synthetic blend of seven compounds—7.28 µg (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, 0.93 µg trans‐isolimonene, 19.18 µg benzyl alcohol, 0.16 µg undecane, 1.07 µg 1‐nonanol, 1.23 µg 1‐undecanol and 0.47 µg 1‐eicosene resembling the amounts released by C. benghalensis after 48 hr of insect feeding during 1 hr or a synthetic blend of six compounds—18.10 µg benzyl alcohol, 0.25 µg undecane, 0.56 µg 1‐nonanol, 1.37 µg 1‐undecanol, 0.35 µg 1‐eicosene and 2.19 µg phytol resembling the amounts released by M. nudiflora after 48 hr of insect feeding during 1 hr. This study concludes that both blends could be used to attract the biocontrol agent during early vegetative period of these two weeds, which could lead to eradication of weeds from rice fields.

Economic threshold concept for weed management in crops: Usefulness and limitation

The economic threshold (ET) is one of the major decision-making frameworks for rationalizing herbicides use for better weed management while reducing environmental impacts. The ET is the density of weeds at which the cost of control equals the benefits obtained under particular weed control measure adopted. The ET rejects complete eradication of weeds, but advocates regulating weed populations at economically optimum levels. Control measure is adopted only when weed competition goes beyond a certain limit, thus, it uses certain damage levels for making cost-efficient weed management decisions. Several decision-making models on ET are available with high to low degree of precision. Despite potentials, the adoption of ET models as the major criterion for cost-effective herbicide use has been low. Limitations are building up of seed bank by residual weeds, complexity in estimating ET density, patchy weed distribution, and limited validity in cropping systems with multiple weed species. Yet, the ET-based decision has great potential in designing weed management under single weed dominance in crops. Information on weeds population dynamics in cropping system, biology, ecology and spatial heterogeneity would make determination of ET more precise and reliable, and managing weeds using integrated approach more successful.

Types and quantities of weeds found in corn fields and the effect of herbicides on grain yield

Agrotechnical measures and crop rotation also do not ensure complete eradication of weeds. Therefore, it is necessary to use herbicides. Mapping by type and quantity of weeds grown among agricultural crops should be carried out in all crop rotation fields and herbicides should be applied on this basis, i.e. it is important to choose one or another herbicide based on the study of the composition and amount of weeds grown in fields. In the cultivation of corn in Uzbekistan, first of all, it should be aimed at obtaining high yields from its grain. To do this, it is necessary to use all available agro-technical measures. In modern intensive farming, weed control, which is common among agricultural crops, is a key measure.

Drones y procesamiento de imágenes, una alternativa a la erradicación de malezas

La investigación materia de estudio de este artículo aborda una solución alternativa para la erradicación de malezas en cultivos de arroz, a partir del procesamiento de imágenes obtenidas mediante vehículos aéreos no tripulados o drones. Este proyecto de investigación (Carvajal Montealegre, 2020) que permite identificar con gran precisión la maleza, toma un valor importante en términos del tiempo y la efectividad con la que se realizan los procesos de erradicación para la agricultura.

Effects of agrotechnical and chemical control of weeds in fine-fiber cotton fields

Today, in the world agriculture, especially cotton growing sphere plays an important role in the national economy. In the cultivation of cotton one of the main problems in the fields is weeds. When estimating the damage caused by weeds to cotton fields, it accounted for 75 bln. USD. This scientific article presents data on the effectiveness of pre-and post-application of herbicides against weeds in the areas where the tillage was done with double-toothed plow in the fall before preparing beds in the fine-fiber cotton fields under typical gray soils condition. Effective eradication of annual and perennial weeds (86.8-90.2%) was observed, when a single herbicide Ankosar (3.0, 4.0, 5.0 l/ha) was applied (information of 2017-2019). When the herbicides Step 500 (4.0 l/ha) and Ankosar (4.0 l/ha) were applied consecutively, the effect on annual weeds was noted (90.5-93.0%). Perennial weeds were reduced by 88.9-93.3% when the abovementioned preparations are applied one after another. Cotton yield will increase by 1.8-5.4 c/ha compared to the control variant. It is recommended to apply the herbicides consecutively in the order Ankosar (4.0 l/ha), Step 500 (4 l/ha) and Ankosar (4.0 l/ha) against annual and perennial weeds.

A fuzzy logic algorithm derived mechatronic concept prototype for crop damage avoidance during eco-friendly eradication of intra-row weeds

Crop damage during the intra-row weed eradiation is one of the biggest challenges in intercultural agricultural operations. Several available mechanical systems provide effective weeding but result in excess crop damage. On the other hand, chemical based systems have been raising serious environmental and food concerns. This study presents development of a cost-effective mechatronic prototype for intra-row weeding operation. The primary focus was on incurring minimal crop damage. The system integrates time of flight and inductive sensing into fuzzy logic algorithm for electronic control of a four-bar linkage mechanism (FBLM). The crank of FBLM was connected to the vertical rotary weed control shaft with weeding blades. The crop sensing triggers the electronic control to laterally shift the control shaft away from crop, proportional to the forward speed and soil conditions. The developed algorithm incorporates varied conditions of soil, forward speed, and plant spacing to calculate dynamic lateral shift speed (SRPM). The prototype was evaluated to determine the relationships between the operating conditions and electronic control parameters. Moreover, the plant damage was assessed under varied conditions of plant spacing, forward speeds, soil cone index, operational depth and electronic control parameters. The derived SRPM was established as the ultimate governing factor for avoiding crop damage that varied significantly with electronic response time and soil strength (P < 0.05). Plant damage increased significantly under higher forward speeds and lower plant spacing (P < 0.05). Preliminary field evaluation of the developed prototype showed a significant potential of this system for effective control on weeds (>65%) and crop damage (<25%).

Immobilization of metribuzin degrading bacterial consortium MB3R on biochar enhances bioremediation of potato vegetated soil and restores bacterial community structure

Metribuzin (MB) is a triazinone herbicide used for the eradication of weeds in agriculture. Presence of its residues in agricultural soil can potentially harm the establishment of subsequent crops and structure of soil microbial populations. In this study, remediation potential of an MB degrading bacterial consortium MB3R immobilized on biochar was evaluated in potato vegetated soil. In potato vegetated soil augmented with MB3R alone and MB3R immobilized on biochar, 82 and 96% MB degradation was recorded respectively as compared to only 29.3% in un-augmented soil. Kinetic parameters revealed that MB3R immobilized biochar is highly proficient as indicated by significant increase in the rate of biodegradation and decrease in half-life of MB. Enhanced plant growth was observed when augmented with bacterial consortium either alone or immobilized on biochar. Presence of herbicide negatively affected the soil bacterial community structure. However, MB3R immobilized on biochar proved to be helpful for restoration of soil bacterial community structure affected by MB. This is the very first report that reveals improved remediation of contaminated soil and restoration of soil bacterial populations by use of the MB degrading bacterial consortium immobilized on biochar.

PENGARUH BIAYA PRODUKSI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PETANI MANDIRI KELAPA SAWIT DI KECAMATAN SEGAH

The purpose of this study was to analyze the income of independent oil palm farmers in the Segahdistrict. The analytical tool used are multiple linear regression equations, correlation coefficients, t test and calculated f test&#x0D; Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the multiple linear regression equation influences the cost of seedlings, fertilizer costs and financing the eradication of weeds against the income of independent oil palm farmers in Segah district is Y = - 1,469 + 0,639 X1 + 4,150 x3 . To measure the degree of the correlation between seed costs, fertilizer costs and financing of weed eradication of the income of independent oil palm farmers in Segah district, the researcher used a multiple correlation coefficient (R) = 0.993 which means that the variable costs of seeds, fertilizer costs and weed eradication costs affect the income of farmers independent of oil palm in Segah District, the coefficient of determination R = 0.987 which showed that the income of independent farmers of oil palm in Segah district is influenced by seed costs, fertilizer costs, and weed eradication costs while the remaining 1.13% (1 - 0.987) is a factor which is not examined. Based on testing using f test where f arithmetic is 0.040 &lt;0.10 and t count value is 2.617&gt; 1.943, it can be concluded that the proposed hypothesis is accepted.

Pengaruh Eradikasi Gulma terhadap Perkembangan Populasi Wereng Hijau dan Kejadian Penyakit Tungro pada Padi

Tungro is one of the important diseases in rice that is still a constraint to increased productivity. Tungro disease caused by a tungro viruses that is transmitted by green leafhoppers in a semi persistent manner. The presence of weeds can cause yield losses of rice and is a potential host plant of tungro viruses. Eradication of weeds is an attempt to eliminate the source of inoculum of tungro viruses. The research objective was to determine the effect of weed eradication on the development of green leafhopper population and the incidence of tungro disease. The study was conducted in an experimental field of Tungro Disease Research Station, Lanrang Village, Sidenreng Rappang District, South Sulawesi at rainy season and dry season 2014. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 8 eradication treatments and 4 replications. The parameters include the observation of weed species that grow in each plot and embankment planting, green leafhopper population density and the number of infected plants by tungro viruses. Observations in the planting is done at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting (WAP). The observations of weeds and green leafhopper population was also conducted on the field before eradication. The results showed that the weeds potential as a source of inoculum were Cyperus rotundus, C. iria, Fimbristylis miliacea, and E. colonum. Eradication of weeds before and after planting through both mechanical and herbicide applications tended to suppress the green leafhopper populations and tungro disease incidence.

Soil solarization as a sustainable solution to control tomato Pseudomonads infections in greenhouses

The reduction or phase-out of soil fumigants according to European directives has led to a re-evaluation of sustainable heat-based techniques and exploiting solar energy, e.g., solarization that was used successfully for the eradication of fungi, weeds, and nematodes. Since the beginning of the current century, bacterial infections caused by phytopathogenic Pseudomonads have been increasingly reported as threat for many horticultural crops worldwide. Nowadays, this disease represents a limiting factor for the tomato production in the Mediterranean basin under greenhouse conditions. Therefore, we tested the effects of soil solarization in controlling natural infections caused by Pseudomonas fluorescens on tomato cultivations in Sicily (south Italy) from 2010 to 2013 under different greenhouse conditions, i.e., with lateral openings uncovered or kept closed. Four experiments were performed under both wooden-concrete and steel-made greenhouses to compare the performances of innovative and traditional films alone or combined with other control measures (only in partially opened greenhouses) against tomato bacterial infections. All solarization treatments were effective in controlling phytopathogenic pseudomonads except for one carried out in a multi-span steel greenhouse with the side openings kept raised. Tested greenhouse covering and mulching films increased soil temperature up to 9.6 °C at 15 cm and 7.7 °C at 30 cm, respectively, if compared to bare plots. Moreover, solarization treatments proved effective in controlling bacterial infections (up to about 90% reduction of disease amount) and in increasing yield up to 45% relative to the bare plots. Among tested films, EVA showed the best performances both in reducing bacterial infections and increasing tomato yield, innovative polyamide VIF and smoky gray were very promising films while green coextruded could be considered a very attractive film since it can be left on after solarization process as mulch for tomato transplanting. This study shows for the first time the feasibility and sustainability of soil solarization performed with innovative materials in managing tomato bacterial diseases in greenhouse.

Weed Diversity and Uses: a Case Study from Tea Plantations in Northern Thailand

Based on concerns that useful weed diversity in agroecosystems as well as associated traditional knowledge may be declining due to agricultural intensification and indiscriminate eradication of weeds, we studied weed diversity and use by local ethnic groups in tea plantations in northern Thailand under different agricultural intensities and landscape complexities, namely agroforestry, organic, and Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) based conventional system. In each system, we sampled five tea plantations using belt-transects of 25 m2. Use data were collected through interviews with specialist informants. We recorded 214 weed species (gamma-diversity) of which 66 were useful. Agroforestry system had the highest alpha- and beta-weed diversity, suggesting that the low agricultural intensity and high landscape complexity in this system is associated with higher weed diversity in tea plantations. The common weed species were clearly different in the three systems and only a small fraction (22 species) of widespread weeds was shared among them, resulting in low weed similarity between systems. The 66 useful species of weeds were mostly for food and medicine. Uses of some weeds were shared between systems. Many of the useful weeds are invasive species, suggesting that they are prevalent and inexpensive plant resources for rural people and could represent alternative resources in the future. Because the occurrence of invasive weeds may affect the natural habitats of the native flora, integrating the exploitation of weeds into weed management strategies may reduce the weed population while sustaining agrobiodiversity and conserving associated traditional knowledge in the long term.

Impact of aquaculture field school on community fish farming

Community based aquaculture, a subset of the rural aquaculture, is characterised with low fish production level. Sustainable improvement of productivity levels in such resources has remained a challenge. The study adopted a novel approach of technology transfer through aquaculture field school which involves provision of technical advices and no physical inputs. The article tries to capture its impact on fish production levels and economics of community based aquaculture. The study was conducted during 2009-2012 in Khurda and Puri districts of Odisha by surveying randomly selected farmers of community ponds. Demonstration, need-based skill training, field days, workshops and field visits were organised periodically for fish farmers involved in community based aquaculture management. In order to study the impact of technical inputs, data were collected from 31 randomly selected village community ponds. Farmers provided with technical advices could improve pond management practices significantly (p<0.05). This included eradication of aquatic weeds, removal of weeds and predatory fishes, enhancing pond productivity, stocking fingerlings and/or yearlings, partially feeding fish with locally available feed. This has resulted in better fish production (@ 2192 kg ha-1yr-1) than pre-project period (@1081 kg ha-1yr-1). Motivational drive, need based technical advice and follow up action brought behavioral change in fish farmers for higher investment for intensification of pond management. Average expenditure in community based aquaculture rose significantly (p<0.05) from `40146 ha-1yr-1 to `87071 ha-1yr-1. Average net returns from community ponds at the end of the project period increased to `95068 ha-1 yr-1 against `34057 ha-1yr-1.

Impact of aquaculture field school on community fish farming

Community based aquaculture, a subset of the rural aquaculture, is characterised with low fish production level. Sustainable improvement of productivity levels in such resources has remained a challenge. The study adopted a novel approach of technology transfer through aquaculture field school which involves provision of technical advices and no physical inputs. The article tries to capture its impact on fish production levels and economics of community based aquaculture. The study was conducted during 2009-2012 in Khurda and Puri districts of Odisha by surveying randomly selected farmers of community ponds. Demonstration, need-based skill training, field days, workshops and field visits were organised periodically for fish farmers involved in community based aquaculture management. In order to study the impact of technical inputs, data were collected from 31 randomly selected village community ponds. Farmers provided with technical advices could improve pond management practices significantly (p&lt;0.05). This included eradication of aquatic weeds, removal of weeds and predatory fishes, enhancing pond productivity, stocking fingerlings and/or yearlings, partially feeding fish with locally available feed. This has resulted in better fish production (@ 2192 kg ha-1yr-1) than pre-project period (@1081 kg ha-1yr-1). Motivational drive, need based technical advice and follow up action brought behavioral change in fish farmers for higher investment for intensification of pond management. Average expenditure in community based aquaculture rose significantly (p&lt;0.05) from `40146 ha-1yr-1 to `87071 ha-1yr-1. Average net returns from community ponds at the end of the project period increased to `95068 ha-1 yr-1 against `34057 ha-1yr-1.

Substantiation of rational length of hitch frame for a wide-cut cultivator

Surface tillage, including cultivation, is an important component of crop growing technologies. The theory of cultivators is thoroughly studied, but at the same time the choice of hitch frame parameters is reduced to the recommendation of the ratio of working width of cultivator and its kinematic length, approximately equal to 1.3-1.5. This is due to the necessity of stabilizing the movement of cultivator relatively to the direction of tractor motion with the minimal materials consumption. However, theoretical research allowed to substantiate the assumption, that the mentioned recommendation is valid only for modular cultivators. This ratio should be increased for the wide-cut implements. Experimental research has shown that reduction of length of hitch frame of a wide-cut cultivator by 1.4 m (the ratio of working width and kinematic length equal approximately to 1.9) allows to reduce the weight of implement. Moreover, it allows to increase the utilization coefficient of operating time of soil cultivating unit by 4%, as compared with an implement having the length of hitch frame which meets well-established guidelines. Both compared cultivators ensure hundred-per-cent eradication of weeds. Thus, the change of implement parameters does not lead to the increase of probability of its angular displacement in horizontal plane, and to violation of the required degree of overlap of adjacent passes of the tines. The findings suggest that the decrease of kinematic length of agricultural machines and implements leads to the increase of their operation efficiency. An indirect conclusion of that is an assumption about the prospects of development and introduction of wide-cut machines and implements that are compact in the longitudinal direction.

Gesture Controlled Robot using MEMS Accelerometer for Eradication of Weeds

Robots are playing a vital role in today's industrial automation and monitoring system. As technology developed these robots have increased their applications and functionality. Working robots will cooperate to the people makes the work more effortless and uncomplicated. This paper provides 4 different gestures for controlling the robots, i.e., forward, backward, left, right. For cutting weeds a gripper concept using buttons is anticipated. These movements are given by the user using MEMS accelerometer. The MEMS accelerometer will be set to the hand. Whenever the hand moves in some direction, the mechanical movement of the hand will be recognized by MEMS. MEMS translate this mechanical hand movement into equivalent electrical signals and send it to the PIC microcontroller. The PIC microcontroller at the transmitter side sends control signals to the receiver side through RF TRANSCEIVER. The controller at the receiver area receives these signals and gives direction to the robot. This type of robot is used in the crop filed to cut the weeds as per the user command.