Eradication Of Tuberculosis In Cattle Research Articles

Bovine Tuberculosis: The Emergence of a New Wildlife Maintenance Host in Ireland.

Despite advances in herd management, tuberculosis (TB) continues to affect ~0. 5% of Ireland's national cattle herd annually. It is clear that any “final” eradication of TB in cattle will need to address all TB maintenance hosts in the same environment. In Ireland and the UK, European Badgers (Meles meles) are a known TB maintenance host, while deer are recognised as spillover hosts. However, deer have been identified as maintenance hosts in other countries and Sika deer, specifically, have been identified with TB in Ireland. We examined the power of cattle, badger and Sika deer densities (at the county level) to predict cattle TB-breakdowns in Ireland, at both the herd and the individual level, using data collected between 2000 and 2018. Our hypothesis was that any positive correlations between deer density and cattle TB-breakdowns would implicate deer as TB maintenance hosts. Using linear multiple regressions, we found positive correlations between deer density and cattle TB-breakdowns at both the herd and individual levels. Since Sika deer in County Wicklow are known to have TB, we ran further regressions against subsets of data which excluded individual Irish counties. Analyses excluding Wicklow data showed much weaker correlations between Sika deer density and cattle TB-breakdowns at both the herd and individual levels, suggesting that these correlations are strongest in County Wicklow. A similar effect for badger density was seen in County Leitrim. While locally high densities of Sika deer persist in Irish counties, we believe they should be considered an integral part of any TB-control programme for those areas.

Transmission of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium caprae between dairy sheep and goats

Increasing number of caprine tuberculosis (TB) reports grant the consideration of this zoonosis as an emerging disease that can play a role in the epidemiology of bovine TB in endemic areas. An outbreak of TB was detected in a caprine/ovine dairy mixed herd. Tuberculin skin test positive goats and ewes were euthanized and subsequent postmortem investigations were performed. Mycobacterium caprae (spoligotype profile SB0157) was isolated from tuberculous lesions detected in both sheep and goats. Our findings evidenced the direct transmission of the infection between both species elucidating that not only goats but also sheep may act as domestic reservoirs of TB compromising the eradication of TB in cattle. The results have implications for animal TB epidemiology and public health risk management.

Control and eradication of tuberculosis in cattle: a systematic review of economic evidence

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of zoonotic importance for which control and eradication programmes have been carried out in many countries for decades. While the impact of these programmes...

Spatially explicit modeling of animal tuberculosis at the wildlife-livestock interface in Ciudad Real province, Spain

Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) are the most important wildlife reservoirs for animal tuberculosis (TB) caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), in Mediterranean Spain. These species are considered to play an important role in the transmission and persistence of MTC in cattle in some regions; however the factors contributing to the risk of transmission at the wildlife-livestock interface and the areas at highest risk for such transmission are largely unknown. This study sought to identify geographic areas where wildlife-livestock interactions are most likely to occur and to characterize the environmental and management factors at this interface contributing to persistence, incidence, and occurrence of TB on cattle farms, in one of the provinces with higher TB prevalence in Spain, Ciudad Real. We used spatially explicit, ecological niche models to evaluate the importance of factors such as wildlife demographics and hunting management, land use, climatic, and environmental variables as well as TB status in wildlife for TB breakdown (model 1), persistence (model 2) and new infection (model 3) on cattle farms and to generate high resolution maps of predicted TB occurrence to guide risk-based interventions. Models revealed that land use, particularly open area and woodland, high wild boar TB prevalence, and close proximity to fenced hunting estates were the most important factors associated with TB infection on cattle farms. This is the first time that local TB prevalence in wild boar for individual hunting estates has been significantly associated with TB occurrence on cattle farms at a local scale. Prediction maps identified two areas with high likelihood of TB occurrence in the southwest and northwest of the province where wildlife-livestock interactions and TB occurrence are highly likely and where TB preventative and mitigation strategies (e.g. targeted vaccination, increased biosecurity, etc.) should be prioritized. Methods and results of this study were aimed to inform the implementation of risk-based interventions to better prevent and control TB at the wildlife-livestock interface, a necessary step for the successful eradication of TB in cattle in Spain.

Tuberculosis in cattle: Strategic planning for the future

In the later stages of eradication of tuberculosis in cattle there is a need to take account of the fact that Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle presents, not as cases of clinical disease but most commonly as apparently healthy animals showing an immunological response to tuberculin. This is an entirely different scenario to that seen when national eradication programmes were first devised, at a time when the protection of public health rather than animal health was the prime motivation. In countries with active programmes to eradicate bovine tuberculosis, it is critical for the programme's success that account is taken of this redefinition of tuberculosis, side by side with changes in modern animal production systems and their impact on the transmission of M. bovis. This paper highlights factors critical to the success of a national eradication programme, including a clear identification of the goals, of the policies that guide actions, and of the sequences of actions that are required within the programme to accomplish these goals. Experience has illustrated the adverse effects of compromise on outcome when the application of fundamental principles of disease control such as sound animal management, removal of known sources of infection, early diagnosis, quarantine, movement control and environmental hygiene are less than enthusiastically promoted and applied. The reality is that where these principles are applied in a sustained manner, the outcome is more likely to be successful. Therein lies the challenge for the risk manager.

The development of wildlife control strategies for eradication of tuberculosis in cattle in Ireland

Wildlife species, such as badgers, act as maintenance hosts for Mycobacterium bovis and contribute to the spread and persistence of tuberculosis in associated cattle populations. In areas in which there is a tuberculosis problem affecting a number of herds, the involvement of infected wildlife in the introduction of M. bovis infection into herds act as a constraint to eradication of the disease. Epidemiological evidence demonstrates a high prevalence of tuberculosis in badgers, and controlled studies involving comprehensive badger removal have shown that this strategy can serve to significantly reduce cattle reactor rates in the targeted areas. However, as the badger is a protected wildlife species, alternative strategies are required to combat the disease. Targeted vaccination of wildlife species against tuberculosis is an option which, if successfully employed, could directly facilitate the advancement of bovine tuberculosis eradication in affected areas. Any proposed vaccination programme would need to be undertaken against the background of an exhaustive investigation of the cattle and herd management-related factors, and take account of environmental issues.

Mycobacterium avium infections in cattle and pigs in Great Britain

During the 16 years, 1953 to 1968, specimens from 14,439 cattle in Great Britain were examined for tubercle bacilli. From the total of 2,917 strains recovered, 371 (12-7 percent) were typed as Mycobacterium avium. Except for 13 isolates of M. tuberculosis, the remaining infections, comprising 87 per cent of the total, were all M. bovis. In 24 cattle active excretion of M. avium during the life of the animal was established. The percentage of avian type isolations during the second period of eight years was more than double that during the first, so that at present approximately one in six isolates of tubercle bacilli from cattle is M. avium. During the 18 years, 1951 to 1968, 81 per cent of 353 routine isolations of tubercle bacilli from pigs in Great Britain were M. avium and 19 per cent M. bovis. During this period there was a relative increase in avian type infections compared with bovine type, the proportion of avian type isolations changing from 43 per cent in the first six years to 91 per cent in the final six years. Bovine type infection in pigs has declined concurrently with the eradication of tuberculosis in cattle, so that more than nine out of ten tuberculous pigs in Great Britain today are affected with the avian type infection. Since the number of recorded cases of tuberculosis in man caused by M. avium is steadily growing, cattle and pigs should be considered as possible sources of avian type infections in human beings.

The Eradication of Tuberculosis in Cattle

The Eradication of Tuberculosis in Cattle

The Eradication of Tuberculosis in Cattle. Disease in Relation to Animal Husbandry

The Eradication of Tuberculosis in Cattle. Disease in Relation to Animal Husbandry

THE CONTROL AND ERADICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CATTLE.*

Australian Veterinary JournalVolume 13, Issue 6 p. 223-226 THE CONTROL AND ERADICATION OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CATTLE.* , Chief Veterinary Surgeon, Department of Agriculture, N. S. W.Search for more papers by this author , Chief Veterinary Surgeon, Department of Agriculture, N. S. W.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1937 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1937.tb04151.xCitations: 1 † *Paper read at Post-Graduate Course in Tuberculin Testing, Veterinary School, University of Sydney, September, 1937. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume13, Issue6December 1937Pages 223-226 RelatedInformation

What are we to do for the repression and eradication of tuberculosis in cattle?

What are we to do for the repression and eradication of tuberculosis in cattle?