Era Of Fourth Industrial Revolution Research Articles

Evaluating the deep learning software tools for large-scale enterprises using a novel TODIFFA-MCDM framework

Deep learning (DL) is one of the most promising technological developments emerging in the fourth industrial revolution era for businesses to improve processes, increase efficiency, and reduce errors. Accordingly, hierarchical learning software selection is one of the most critical decision-making problems in integrating neural network applications into business models. However, selecting appropriate reinforcement learning software for integrating deep learning applications into enterprises’ business models takes much work for decision-makers. There are several reasons for this: first, practitioners’ limited knowledge and experience of DL makes it difficult for decision-makers to adapt this technology into their enterprises’ business model and significantly increases complex uncertainties. Secondly, according to the authors’ knowledge, no study in the literature addresses deep structured learning solutions with the help of MCDM approaches. Consequently, making inferences concerning criteria that should be considered in an evaluation process is impossible by considering the studies in the relevant literature. Considering these gaps, this study presents a novel decision-making approach developed by the authors. It involves the combination of two new decision-making approaches, MAXC (MAXimum of Criterion) and TODIFFA (the total differential of alternative), which were developed to solve current decision-making problems. When the most important advantages of this model are considered, it associates objective and subjective approaches and eliminates some critical limitations of these methodologies. Besides, it has an easily followable algorithm without the need for advanced mathematical knowledge for practitioners and provides highly stable and reliable results in solving complex decision-making problems. Another novelty of the study is that the criteria are determined with a long-term negotiation process that is part of comprehensive fieldwork with specialists. When the conclusions obtained using this model are briefly reviewed, the C2 “Data Availability and Quality” criterion is the most influential in selecting deep learning software. The C7 “Time Constraints” criterion follows the most influential factor. Remarkably, prior research has overlooked the correlation between the performance of Deep Learning (DL) platforms and the quality and accessibility of data. The findings of this study underscore the necessity for DL platform developers to devise solutions to enable DL platforms to operate effectively, notwithstanding the availability of clean, high-quality, and adequate data. Finally, the robustness check carried out to test the validity of the proposed model confirms the accuracy and robustness of the results obtained by implementing the suggested model.

Developing Android-Based Mathematics Learning Media for Package C Equivalence Education at the Faradika Community Learning Center in East Jakarta

The rapid development of Science and Technology has greatly influenced various aspects of the nation's life, including the field of Education. Relevant to the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution era, this research focuses on the utilization of mathematics learning applications in the Package C equivalent education based on Android at the Faradika Community Learning Center (PKBM) in East Jakarta. The advent of virtual reality technology has been able to create simulated classroom environments and conduct virtual learning based on Android. The aim of this research is to describe the process of Android-based virtual reality as a means of developing mathematics learning in the Package C Program. The research method is qualitative. Data collection techniques include interviews, reflective journals, observations, and document analysis. The output of this research is the model application and publication of articles in reputable national and international journals. The results of the research show the creation of Android-based equivalent education learning media in mathematics, which contains information about learning objectives, material presentation, assignments, and feedback provided by tutors and media developed with an Android basis that has been able to support the mathematics learning process optimally. The development of Android-based media consists of five stages: analysis, development, design, implementation, and evaluation. The evaluation technique is formative with expert review and field testing. Summative evaluation includes pre-experiment one-group pre-test and post-test. The conclusion of the research is that the results of the media development are able to support the learning process optimally, so that the learning process runs smoothly, and learners are also active, enthusiastic, and passionate about participating in the learning process.

Foggier skies, clearer clouds: A real-time IoT-DDoS attack mitigation framework in fog-assisted software-defined cyber-physical systems

IntroductionThe convergence of the Internet of Anything (IoX), software-defined communication layer, and sophisticated cloud platform has steered the dawn of the fourth industrial revolution era (Industry 4.0). The technological leap forward has given shelter to the umbrella of cyber-physical systems such as Smart Grids, Agriculture, and Healthcare. The exponential growth of vulnerable spots (the Internet of Things) in multi-layer cyber-physical systems is involuntarily contributing to malignant IoT-generated denial-of-service attacks. The IoT devices manifest a high degree of diversity in traffic patterns, and a single dataset is insufficient to cover fiducial attack scenarios. In addition, the research community is pressing to overcome other roadblocks, such as an optimal architecture for solution efficacy, performance issues, and the need for comprehensive validation of the proposed solutions. MethodsThe paper offers a five-stage defense framework for building a mitigation against IoT-based DDoS attacks. The article brings forth an amalgamated dataset concocted from InSDN, BoT-IoT, and UNSW-Sydney datasets and a simulated dataset for IoT-DDoS to the research community. The paper employs a multi-stage Stack-Ensembled framework at the heart of the solution pillared on physical devices' behavioral attributes, resulting in a universal defense approach. The experiment leverages fog computing with distributed computational nodes to reduce response latency. Furthermore, the paper implements attack-detection-as-a-service on top of the Docker framework for a cost-effective, reusable, and portable framework. The novel design of the framework presents a light mitigation scheme to the SDN controller, ensuring a negligible impact on the controller's performance. Results and DiscussionThe hand-crafted feature selection process reduced the features by 80%, demonstrating a high accuracy of 99.99% with benchmark datasets, 98.84% accuracy in the simulation environment, and collateral damage of 1.52%. The experiment observes encouraging values for vital performance parameters that researchers often miss to discuss. Furthermore, the paper thoroughly analyzes IoT-DDoS mitigation framework performance parameters.

The Role of Leadership in Industry 4.0

Abstract In modern society, the use of technology occurs constantly, and it is already impossible to imagine human life without it. The spread and implementation of artificial intelligence in social processes form a specific interaction between this technology and society. Achieving only positive results from using intelligent software and systems requires awareness and responsibility from people when interacting with smart machines. The managerial responsibility of the leader when using artificial intelligence is an important topic of modern management. The article examines the role of artificial intelligence in the fourth industrial revolution era and considers statistical forecasts regarding its future impact on various spheres of human activity. The author analyzed the features of leadership in modern conditions of technology development and substantiated the specific role of a leader who uses the functions of artificial intelligence in management activities. The author proposed a hierarchical scheme of interaction of the participants of the production process in the organization, which arises when using intelligent systems to achieve the set goals. The main result of the work is the development of a scheme that reveals the need for the formation of a structure in the interaction of the organizational system with the technological potential of artificial intelligence. Using the proposed scheme by practitioners-managers will make it possible to use the latest technological developments as efficiently and safely as possible.

Collaborative Learning in Higher Education in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research

The goal of this study is to determine the variables and difficulties that contribute to collaborative learning at tertiary institutions during the fourth industrial revolution and future research gaps. This study employs a systematic literature review to summarise and provide a comprehensive understanding of collaborative learning. The systematic literature review process used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) technique between 2008 and 2022, supported by NVivo and Microsoft Excel. A systematic literature review, which is an appropriate method for strengthening research issues and gaps, was conducted with 61 papers. It should be noted that this manuscript only presents work from the Scopus database with journal criteria. This study has identified six factors related to collaborative learning in tertiary institutions in the fourth industrial revolution era including Task & Context, Environment, Social, Technology, Teacher, and Learner. This study presents a comprehensive literature assessment of collaborative learning in tertiary institutions during the fourth industrial revolution in order to acquire a clear grasp of its importance and application in higher education. Furthermore, Several higher education models have adopted the online-based collaborative learning paradigm, according to the study's findings.

Critical success factors for implementing smart maintenance in the fourth industrial revolution era: a bibliometric analysis within the built environment

Purpose The implementation of smart maintenance (SM) has greatly benefited facility managers, construction project managers and other stakeholders within the built environment. Unfortunately, its actualization for stakeholders in the built environment in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) era remains a challenge. To reduce the challenge, this study aims at conducting a bibliometric analysis to unearth the critical success factors supporting SM implementation. The future direction and practice of SM in the construction industry were also explored. Design/methodology/approach A bibliometric approach was adopted for reviewing articles extracted from the Scopus database. Keywords such as (“smart maintenance“) OR (“intelligent maintenance”) OR (“technological maintenance”) OR (“automated maintenance”) OR (“computerized maintenance”) were used to extract articles from the Scopus database. The studies were restricted between 2006 and 2021 to capture the 4IR era. The initial extracted papers were 1,048; however, 288 papers were selected and analysed using VOSviewer software. Findings The findings revealed that the critical success factors supporting the implementation of SM in the 4IR era are collaboration, digital twin design, energy management system and decentralized data management system. Regarding the future practice of SM in the 4IR era, it was also revealed that SM is possible to evolve into maintenance 4.0. This will support the autonomous maintenance of infrastructures in the built environment. Research limitations/implications The use of a single database contributed to the limitation of the findings from this study. Practical implications Despite the limitations, the findings of this study contributed to practice and research by providing stakeholders in the built environment with the direction of SM practice. Originality/value Stakeholders in the built environment have clamoured to implement SM in the 4IR era. This study provided the critical success factors for adopting SM, guaranteeing the 4IR era. It also provides the research trends and direction of SM practice.

Exploring Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 through the lens of country risk

The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) 4.0 provides an annual evaluation of country-level productivity and development in the fourth industrial revolution era. The GCI 4.0 is classified into 12 pillars representing socioeconomic, financial, health, technological, and other factors of production. Country risk, which is an aggregate measure of country-level exposure to financial, political, and economic risks, can influence national development. This study explores the association between country risk and competitiveness by mapping country risk drivers to GCI and GCI pillars to country risk. Two Bayesian Belief Network models, with a minimum prediction accuracy of 81.3 %, are developed using two data-sets representing the GCI and country risk ratings of 107 countries. Sensitivity analysis reveals that low performance in information and communication technology (ICT) adoption (monetary policy) can significantly affect country risk (GCI), whereas innovation capability (financial system risk) and institutions (legal system) can considerably improve country risk (GCI). By delving into how the pillars of competitiveness interact with various risk factors such as political stability, economic volatility, and regulatory environment, decision-makers, investors, and policymakers can gain valuable insights that guide effective resource allocation, risk mitigation strategies, informed policy formulation, and sustainable development efforts.

Analysing the Connection Between AI and Industry 4.0 from a Cybersecurity Perspective: Defending the Smart Revolution

In recent years, the significance and efficiency of business performance have become dependent heavily on digitization, as jobs in companies are seeking to be transformed into digital jobs based on smart systems and applications of the fourth industrial revolution. Cybersecurity systems must interact and continuously cooperate with authorized users through the Internet of Things and benefit from corporate services that allow users to interact in a secure environment free from electronic attacks. Artificial intelligence methods contribute to the design of the Fourth Industrial Revolution principles, including interoperability, information transparency, technical assistance, and decentralized decisions. Through this design, security gaps may be generated that attackers can exploit in order to be able to enter systems, control them, or manipulate them. In this paper, the role of automated systems for digital operations in the fourth industrial revolution era will be examined from the perspective of artificial intelligence and cybersecurity, as well as the most significant practices of artificial intelligence methods. This paper concluded that artificial intelligence methods play a significant role in defending and protecting cybersecurity and the Internet of Things, preventing electronic attacks, and protecting users' privacy.

POTENTIAL TECHNOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS IN TRANSNATIONAL CRIME FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CRIMINAL LAW IN INDONESIA

Any crime can essentially become a transnational crime, as long as it contains foreign elements. Transnational crimes can also occur in all countries around the world. Therefore, transnational crime is a common problem of nations around the world, and one of the mechanisms that can be used to address it is through international conventions and treaties. The era of the fourth industrial revolution is a knowledge-based era, where various alternatives for fulfilling human needs are more knowledge-based. It is an era characterized by massive utilization of digital technology and artificial intelligence in various aspects of human life. The dark side of the fourth industrial revolution era is that the rapid development of science and technology is not only utilized for improving human quality of life and happiness, but also misused to commit crimes. The problem of this research is whether the criminal law in Indonesia is able to solve legal problems related to transnational crimes committed using advanced science and technology.This research is normative juridical research, using secondary data which is then categorized into primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are then analysed qualitatively. The research approach used is a combination of legal and conceptual approaches.The results of this research are that Indonesian criminal law is only able to enforce criminal law within the jurisdiction of Indonesia. Although assisted by international conventions and treaties, Indonesian criminal law has not been able to enforce the law against transnational criminals who are outside the jurisdiction of any country. Indonesian criminal law can only enforce the law against conventional legal subjects (individuals or corporations), but cannot enforce the law against contemporary legal subjects created by science and technology, such as artificial intelligence, even if such artificial intelligence has clearly committed a criminal act.

A Mathematical Analysis of 4IR Innovation Barriers in Developmental Social Work—A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) era also known as digital age is central to the advancement of the construction industry as the industry is currently facing a myriad of challenges, including poor productivity and project failure. Therefore, there is an urgent need for industry to adopt 4IR innovations to increase the building business’s performance. The study explored the relationship between the critical barriers to 4IR innovations to foster sustainable development. The study embraced a numerical exploration approach which employed a questionnaire to obtain information from building industry experts. The questionnaire data were used to classify the 4IR barriers into policy and structure, readiness, and acquisition, using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Likewise, a predictive model was developed using Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). It explained the relationship between the barrier categories and the barriers to 4IR innovation adoption for sustainable development. The results showed that policy and structure were critical components of 4IR adoption that the stakeholders of the construction industry must pay close attention to. The study also provided valuable areas for future research to enhance 4IR innovation adoption for sustainable development.

A sustainable solution for lean barriers through a fuzzy DEMATEL methodology with a case study from the Indian manufacturing industry

PurposeAs the COVID-19 epidemic ravages the world in the fourth industrial revolution era, the manufacturing sector faces its worst situation in a century. Lean philosophy, renowned as a “warrior philosophy,” can be an able rescuer to these industries. This study aims to identify the hurdles to lean strategy implementation and conduct an analysis to provide cognizance to policymakers, practitioners and decision-makers.Design/methodology/approachThis study aims to identify the obstacles that obstruct lean implementation into seven primary barriers/components, with the fuzzy DEMATEL approach being used to evaluate the critical factors as well as the cause and effect factors among them. Expert opinions are sought to obtain the relevant data for evaluation purposes.FindingsThe results reveal that a firm should focus on firm cultural conflict scenario, resources–responses incapability, improve on suppliers’ attitude and execute a proper planning and logistics equation to alleviate the hindrances of implementing lean. As these causal factors influence the effect factors, namely, top management vision, management–employee relationship and human resource building, focusing on them automatically improves the effect factors; thus, the surge to overcome resistance to lean implementation is alleviated.Practical implicationsThis research aids in identifying and analyzing lean implementation issues in the manufacturing and industrial sectors. The observations, results and insights drawn can act as a guiding force to rupture the resistance envelope covering the domain of lean implementation and possibly reinstating industries to survive and excel in the business post-COVID era.Originality/valueThis research introduces barriers to lean implementation in a unique way, as it articulates all sections of an industry and group the barriers based on the classification. It further prioritizes the barriers for their importance in the Indian industrial scenario. This would help the industry professionals and managers access the barriers and generate insight on how and where to start implementing lean.

Time and Frequency Connectedness Among Emerging Markets and QGREEN, FinTech and Artificial Intelligence-Based Index: Lessons from the Outbreak of COVID-19

The study is about contributing to the ongoing discussion on the diversification opportunities for emerging markets with non-conventional asset class. The limited literature in the era of fourth industrial revolution motivates us to gauge diversification opportunities. This study is focusing on identifying diversification opportunities with a set of unique asset classes that are the proxies for Green Funds, FinTech and Artificial Intelligence-based index funds. The method and model applied in the study are time and frequency connectedness in a Wavelet Coherence, and for the robustness check—Network analysis has been applied. The originality of the study lies in identifying the impact of the outbreak of COVID-19. The results captured that FinTech-based asset was the most resilient asset class during the pre- and post-outbreak of COVID-19, followed by AI-based fund and finally by Green fund. Henceforth, FinTech provides superior diversification opportunities among all with MSCI Emerging Market. AI and Green funds are captured to be invested in the long term for diversification, whereas FinTech is suitable for both long- and short-term assets. The results are relevant for investors in emerging markets and for policymakers as well.

Modelling the drivers of data science techniques for real estate professionals in the fourth industrial revolution era

PurposeThe study aims to develop a model that supports the application of data science techniques for real estate professionals in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) era. The present 4IR era gave birth to big data sets and is beyond real estate professionals' analysis techniques. This has led to a situation where most real estate professionals rely on their intuition while neglecting a rigorous analysis for real estate investment appraisals. The heavy reliance on their intuition has been responsible for the under-performance of real estate investment, especially in Africa.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilised a survey questionnaire to randomly source data from real estate professionals. The questionnaire was analysed using a combination of Statistical package for social science (SPSS) V24 and Analysis of a Moment Structures (AMOS) graphics V27 software. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to break down the variables (drivers) into meaningful dimensions helpful in developing the conceptual framework. The framework was validated using covariance-based structural equation modelling. The model was validated using fit indices like discriminant validity, standardised root mean square (SRMR), comparative fit index (CFI), Normed Fit Index (NFI), etc.FindingsThe model revealed that an inclusive educational system, decentralised real estate market and data management system are the major drivers for applying data science techniques to real estate professionals. Also, real estate professionals' application of the drivers will guarantee an effective data analysis of real estate investments.Originality/valueNumerous studies have clamoured for adopting data science techniques for real estate professionals. There is a lack of studies on the drivers that will guarantee the successful adoption of data science techniques. A modern form of data analysis for real estate professionals was also proposed in the study.

Application of model and algorithms in improving methane yield in an industrial biogas plant

With the ever-growing application of data science and machine learning in the fourth industrial revolution era, many challenges faced within the energy sector in past decades have now been receiving timely interventions through the proper application of programming and machine learning tools coupled with the implementation and utilization of modern technology. In recent years, balancing in real-time the demand and supply of energy generated from renewable sources such as wind and solar has gained much improvement because of its ability to forecast the quantity of energy that could be produced from the renewable sources using historical data. Likewise, the application of model and algorithms has also helped to predict accurately, the amount of energy that could be produced from a batch of anaerobic digestion process to produce biogas or biomethane of acceptable quality. In this research work, a set of data was collected from an industrial biogas plant and based on the variables from the data set, Design Expert Software version 11 was used to develop mathematical models and algorithms to optimize the production process of the plant based on the feedstock fed into the digesters. The result of the optimization proves that the biogas currently produced from the post-digester tank with methane (CH4) content of about 68.8% can be upgraded to biomethane with methane content of 78.22% without any adjustment to the digesters or production process.

REDESAIN SISTEM DAN PROSEDUR PENGGAJIAN PADA TRANSINDO XPRESS DI KABUPATEN JEMBER

There is no denying that information technology has become an extraordinary tool for businesses in this fourth industrial revolution era. Information systems will be more efficient and effective along with advances in information technology. It is important for a business to have a reliable payroll system as it is an integral part of the company's accounting system and will provide detailed and accurate data through established practices and documentation on the compensation provided to its employees. Staff members need to be managed effectively. For smooth business operations and fulfillment of organizational objectives, payroll system errors must be avoided at all costs.This research is focused on updating the payroll system design at Transindo Xpress which still uses a manual system for recording payroll and the payroll system used is still weak. So that the reporting experience is not timely and must be re-checked against recording employee salaries.

Cyber attack risks to construction data management in the fourth industrial revolution era: a case of Gauteng province, South Africa

The 4IR or the digital revolution refers to a collective term for a value chain organizational concepts and technologies that together build the Internet of Things, Internet of people, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Internet of Services and the Internet of Energy. While this digital revolution has helped the construction industry to prevent cost and time overruns and enable efficiency and good work’s quality, it also has disadvantages and risks such as cyberattacks and loss of jobs. This study set out to determine the risks associated with data management (cyberattacks) on construction projects in the fourth industrial revolution era. The research study will address the questions of “what are the cyberattacks risk attributed to construction data management in the fourth revolution era?” and “What are the differences in the opinion of respondents concerning the identified cyberattacks?”. This research work used a quantitative method and gathered information from different construction professionals in the South African construction industry precisely in Gauteng province via a well-structured questionnaire through online platforms. These professionals involve quantity surveyors, architects, civil, mechanical, and electrical engineers practising under a firm, company, organisation, or institution within the Gauteng province, South Africa. Findings revealed that viruses, hacking, and password cracking are the most frequent risk to data management encountered in the construction industry. It was also indicated that construction project stakeholders need a strong knowledge of how attackers operate to address, avoid, and stop the different risks rising when executing a project. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by highlighting the various risks encountered in managing data in the construction industry which will assist professionals in the industry to pay attention to means of mitigating the identified risks. This will keep stakeholders abreast of how simple negligence from their side can deeply affect the project data thereby affecting project delivery. It was concluded based on findings that construction professionals need to avoid the occurrence of these risks to enhance satisfactory project delivery and protect their project information. The study recommended that all construction project parties require full training sessions on risks to data to prevent any types of intrusion into the company’s information system.

누적이론을 적용한 디지털전환과 경쟁우선순위에 관한 연구

Understanding the relationship among competitive priorities is essential in establishing an operational strategy. In addition, successful digital transformation will be essential in securing competitive priorities in the fourth industrial revolution era. By applying the cumulative theory, this study investigates the relationship among competitive priorities (quality, dependability, flexibility and cost), including digital transformation. The analysis was conducted on 153 manufacturing companies using SEM(structural equation modeling). The result shows a statistically significant causal relationship in the order of quality - dependability - flexibility - digital transformation - cost. Alternative models were established to validate the order of competitive priorities in digital transformation and compare with the research model in this study. Consequently the sequence established in this study was the most appropriate one. This study has major implications as it is a preemptive empirical study on digital transformation, and quantitatively and qualitatively expanded on the well-studied Cumulative theory.

Protection of Private Broadcasting Institutions Rights PT. Rajawali Citra Televisi for Television Broadcast Distribution Without Permission

In the fourth industrial revolution era, the world is focusing on digital technologies. The development of this technology has forced the Government to meet the needs of all people. Meeting this need requires state intervention that aims to balance the interests of the Creator with the interests of society and the State itself. The interests of the Creator are the protection given by the State to a copyrighted work. This protection is essential to encourage creative people's interest in innovation, which is expected to provide shows that are entertaining, educational, and capable of educating all Indonesian people. This protection also makes a copyrighted work of economic value to every Creator. The problems discussed are how to regulate Copyright in Indonesia, regulate broadcasting rights in Indonesia, and legal protection provided by the Government to related rights to television broadcasts without permission in Decision Number 34/Pdt.Sus-HKI/COPYRIGHT/2019/PN Niaga Jkt.Pst .The research method uses juridical law research methods. This research is a descriptive analysis that reveals. The results of study show that has been done, legal protection of the exclusive rights of creators of phonogram broadcasters seems to have been regulated in Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright.

Implementation of Digital Transformation in the Technical Higher Education Institutions in Tanzania

Digital transformation has been prioritized recently in this era of fourth industrial revolution by various organizations for maintaining strong competitive advantage, especially in the fourth industrial revolution. The higher education institutions must likewise adopt and implement digital transformation to enrich their students with the knowledge, experience and the skills they need for a very different future. Technical higher education institutions are inevitable in the given transformation. However, very little is known regarding adoption of digital transformation in the given institutions. This study therefore examined the level of adoption of digital services in the technical higher education institutions in Tanzania. It determined the level of awareness of students on digital transformation, opportunity of students to experience digital technologies in teaching-learning process and determining satisfaction level of students on digital teaching-learning environment. This study applied quantitative approach through the cross-sectional survey design. The data were collected using questionnaire from 500 third year (2019/2020) students of two public technical higher education institutions (i.e., Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology and Arusha Technical College). The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics and t-test. The results indicate that, students from those two institutions had different levels of awareness on digital transformation. Furthermore, the students from both institutions have low opportunity to experience digital technologies in teaching-learning process. Moreover, the students were partly satisfied on the digital teaching-learning environment in the surveyed institutions. The findings of this study advocate the public technical higher education institutions to fully adopt digital transformation for maximally harnessing the opportunities of fourth industrial revolution through their product students.

A study on the discussion on Library 5.0 and the generation of Library 1.0 to Library 5.0

In order for libraries to survive as necessary institutions in the era of the fourth Industrial Revolution, new strategies and directions must be sought by closely analyzing key trends and challenges. This study attempted to organize Library models 1.0 through 5.0 by comprehensively analyzing the core trends surrounding the library, that is, the advent of the fourth Industrial Revolution era; the promotion of the Korean version of the New Deal policy; and Gartner’s global IT trend. To this end, major references discussing Web 5.0 and Library 5.0 in Web 1.0 and Library 1.0 and all related documents (e.g. Google Scholar, EbscoHost, LISA, etc.) were analyzed. Key and representative keywords forming the Library 5.0 model were derived, and based on this, the substance of each version of the library model was presented.