Separation Of ER Research Articles

Sorption and separation of Er and Y from phosphoric acid using commercial cation exchange resin; Amberlite IR-120

Sorption and separation of Er and Y from phosphoric acid using commercial cation exchange resin; Amberlite IR-120

Crystallographic and Theoretical Investigations of Er2 @C2 n (2 n=82, 84, 86): Indication of Distance-Dependent Metal-Metal Bonding Nature.

Successful isolation and characterization of a series of Er-based dimetallofullerenes present valuable insights into the realm of metal-metal bonding. These species are crystallographically identified as Er2 @Cs (6)-C82 , Er2 @C3v (8)-C82 , Er2 @C1 (12)-C84 , and Er2 @C2v (9)-C86 , in which the structure of the C1 (12)-C84 cage is unambiguously characterized for the first time by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Interestingly, natural bond orbital analysis demonstrates that the two Er atoms in Er2 @Cs (6)-C82 , Er2 @C3v (8)-C82 , and Er2 @C2v (9)-C86 form a two-electron-two-center Er-Er bond. However, for Er2 @C1 (12)-C84 , with the longest Er⋅⋅⋅Er distance, a one-electron-two-center Er-Er bond may exist. Thus, the difference in the Er⋅⋅⋅Er separation indicates distinct metal bonding natures, suggesting a distance-dependent bonding behavior for the internal dimetallic cluster. Additionally, electrochemical studies suggest that Er2 @C82-86 are good electron donors instead of electron acceptors. Hence, this finding initiates a connection between metal-metal bonding chemistry and fullerene chemistry.

Crystal structures of two erbium(III) complexes with 4-amino-benzoic acid and 4-chloro-3-nitro-benzoic acid.

The crystal structures of two erbium(III) complexes with 4-amino-benzoic acid (4-ABAH), namely bis-(μ2-4-amino-benzoato-κ(2) O:O')bis-[bis(4-amino-benzoato-κ(2) O,O')di-aqua-erbium(III)] dihydrate, [Er2(C7H6NO2)6(H2O)4]·2H2O, (I), and 4-chloro-3-nitro-benzoic acid (CLNBAH), namely poly[hexa-kis-(μ2-4-chloro-3-nitro-benzoato-κ(2) O:O')bis-(dimethyl sulfoxide-κO)dierbium(III)], [Er2(C7H3ClNO4)6(C2H6OS)2] n , (II), have been determined. In the structure of solvatomorphic compound (I), the symmetry-related irregular ErO8 coordination polyhedra in the discrete centrosymmetric dinuclear complex comprise two monodentate water mol-ecules and six carboxyl-ate O-atom donors, four from two bidentate carboxyl-ate O,O'-chelate groups and two from the bis-monodentate O:O'-bridging group of the third 4-ABA anion. The Er-O bond-length range is 2.232 (3)-2.478 (3) Å and the Er⋯Er separation in the dinuclear complex unit is 4.7527 (4) Å. One of the coordinating water mol-ecules is involved in an intra-unit O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding association with an inversion-related carboxyl-ate O-atom acceptor. In contrast, the anhydrous compound (II) is polymeric, based on centrosymmetric dinuclear repeat units comprising ErO7 coordination polyhedra which involve four O-atom donors from two bidentate O:O'-bridging carboxyl-ate groups, one O-atom donor from the monodentate dimethyl sulfoxide ligand and two O-atom donors from the third bridging CLNBA anion. The latter provides the inter-unit link in the one-dimensional coordination polymer extending along [100]. The Er-O bond-length range in (II) is 2.239 (6)-2.348 (6) Å and the Er⋯Er separation within the dinuclear unit is 4.4620 (6) Å. In the crystal of (I), extensive inter-dimer O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions involving both the coordinating water mol-ecules and the solvent water mol-ecules, as well as the amine groups of the 4-ABA anions, give an overall three-dimensional network structure. Within this structure are also weak π-π ring inter-actions between two of the coordinating ligands [ring-centroid separations = 3.676 (3) and 3.711 (2) Å]. With (II), only weak intra-polymer C-H⋯O, C-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯S inter-actions are present.

Morphology of juvenile stages and ontogeny of three species and genera of Eremaeidae (Acari, Oribatida)

The morphology of juvenile stages of Eremaeus cordiformis Grandjean, 1934 is redescribed and illustrated, and those of Eueremaeus laticostulatus Bayartogtokh, 2003 and Proteremaeus punctulatus Bayartogtokh, 2000 are described and illustrated for the first time. The juveniles of these species differ from each other mainly by the presence of distinct prodorsal ridges in the central part of the prodorsum, shape and distribution of some setae, and number of adanal and anal setae. The larva of Er. cordiformis has these ridges, whereas other species lack them. Eueremaeus laticostulatus has relatively long and barbed prodorsal seta in in the larva and most gastronotal setae similarly ornamented in all juveniles, whereas other species have these setae short and smooth. The nymphs of Er. cordiformis and Eu. laticostulatus have three pairs of posterior gastronotal setae (p1, h1, h2), which are inserted close to each other in transverse row, whereas those of P. punctulatus have only two pairs (p1, h1) there, and seta h2 is inserted far from seta h1 and closer to seta p2. The nymphs of all species lose dorsal gastronotal setae of d-series and carry the exuvial scalps of previous instars directly on the glabrous gastronotum mainly due to lateral folds. The nymphs and adult of P. punctulatus have three pairs of adanal setae and two pairs of anal setae, whereas those of other species have at least five pairs of each series. The adult of Er. cordiformis has 11 pairs of notogastral setae, whereas other species investigated here have 10 pairs. The adults of all species have lamellar costulae on the prodorsum, but in P. punctulatus they are more widely separated than in other species. At present the systematic position of Proteremaeus is controversial in the literature, but the morphology of juveniles and adult of P. punctulatus investigated here confirms the membership of this genus in the Eremaeidae. A number of morphological characters support the separation of Er. hepaticus and Er. cordiformis and we provisionally reject their synonymy, until the type or topotypic material is compared.

JMJD6 is a driver of cellular proliferation and motility and a marker of poor prognosis in breast cancer

IntroductionWe developed an analytic strategy that correlates gene expression and clinical outcomes as a means to identify novel candidate oncogenes operative in breast cancer. This analysis, followed by functional characterization, resulted in the identification of Jumonji Domain Containing 6 (JMJD6) protein as a novel driver of oncogenic properties in breast cancer.MethodsThrough microarray informatics, Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the correlation between gene expression and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) of patients in 14 independent breast cancer cohorts. JMJD6 emerged as a top candidate gene robustly associated with poor patient survival. Immunohistochemistry, siRNA-mediated silencing, and forced overexpression of JMJD6 in cell-based assays elucidated molecular mechanisms of JMJD6 action in breast cancer progression and shed light on the clinical breast cancer subtypes relevant to JMJD6 action.ResultsJMJD6 was expressed at highest levels in tumors associated with worse outcomes, including ER- and basal-like, Claudin-low, Her2-enriched, and ER+ Luminal B tumors. High nuclear JMJD6 protein was associated with ER negativity, advanced grade, and poor differentiation in tissue microarrays. Separation of ER+/LN- patients that received endocrine monotherapy indicated that JMJD6 is predictive of poor outcome in treatment-specific subgroups. In breast cancer cell lines, loss of JMJD6 consistently resulted in suppressed proliferation but not apoptosis, whereas forced stable overexpression increased growth. In addition, knockdown of JMJD6 in invasive cell lines, such as MDA-MB231, decreased motility and invasion, whereas overexpression in MCF-7 cells slightly promoted motility but did not confer invasive growth. Microarray analysis showed that the most significant transcriptional changes occurred in cell-proliferation genes and genes of the TGF-β tumor-suppressor pathway. High proliferation was characterized by constitutively high cyclin E protein levels. The inverse relation of JMJD6 expression with TGF-β2 could be extrapolated to the breast cancer cohorts, suggesting that JMJD6 may affect similar pathways in primary breast cancer.ConclusionsJMJD6 is a novel biomarker of tumor aggressiveness with functional implications in breast cancer growth and migration.

Separation factor for the extraction systems, YCl 3-ErCl 3-HCl, YCl 3-HoCl 3-HCl and some lanthanide chlorides-hydrochloric acid with 1 M di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid in n-heptane

The distribution coefficients of Y, Er and Ho and the separation factors of some lanthanides with respect to Y are given at macro-concentrations when the lanthanides are extracted by 1·0 M di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in n-heptane from their chloride solutions. It has been shows that the separation of Er and Ho from Y is difficult with D2EHPA. However, the values of the separation factors of Sm, Gd, Dy and Yb to Y indicate that removal of these lanthanides from Y is rather easy.