Equisetum Fluviatile Research Articles

Plant phenology and species-specific traits control plant CH4 emissions in a northern boreal fen.

Aerenchymatic transport is an important mechanism through which plants affect methane (CH4 ) emissions from peatlands. Controlling environmental factors and the effects of plant phenology remain, however, uncertain. We identified factors controlling seasonal CH4 flux rate and investigated transport efficiency (flux rate per unit of rhizospheric porewater CH4 concentration). We measured CH4 fluxes through individual shoots of Carex rostrata, Menyanthes trifoliata, Betula nana and Salix lapponum throughout growing seasons in 2020 and 2021 and Equisetum fluviatile and Comarum palustre in high summer 2021 along with water-table level, peat temperature and porewater CH4 concentration. CH4 flux rate of C. rostrata was related to plant phenology and peat temperature. Flux rates of M. trifoliata and shrubs B. nana and S. lapponum were insensitive to the investigated environmental variables. In high summer, flux rate and efficiency were highest for C. rostrata (6.86 mg m-2 h-1 and 0.36 mg m-2 h-1 (μmol l-1 )-1 , respectively). Menyanthes trifoliata showed a high flux rate, but limited efficiency. Low flux rates and efficiency were detected for the remaining species. Knowledge of the species-specific CH4 flux rate and their different responses to plant phenology and environmental factors can significantly improve the estimation of ecosystem-scale CH4 dynamics in boreal peatlands.

Bringing back reindeer pastures in cutaway peatlands

European Union and national carbon neutrality targets entail the release of hundreds of hectares of cutaway peatlands annually from energy peat extraction in Finland, creating opportunities to reclaim them as reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) summer pastures and support an important local traditional livelihood hampered by intensive land use. To our knowledge, this is the first study to test whether reindeer summer pastures can be reclaimed. In 2017, we established a field experiment to investigate whether machinery transplanting of native plant species and sowing of seed mixtures promoted the establishment of forage plants preferred by reindeer. The transplanted species were Eriophorum vaginatum, Equisetum fluviatile, and Menyanthes trifoliata. Two tested seed mixtures contained different varieties of Phleum pratense which were surveyed. Plant cover and biomass growth, and growth‐influencing factors like peat properties and water level, were surveyed during 2018–2020. Eriophorum vaginatum tolerated transplanting well, doubling its cover during the study. Equisetum fluviatile was slower to establish. Mechanical transplanting of M. trifoliata failed; manual planting was promising. Sowing seed mixtures provided forage more quickly, generating larger cover than the transplanted natural plants. However, transplanting and sowing face problems. Transplanting is expensive and technically demanding, and removing plants from their growing sites may harm the surrounding vegetation. Meanwhile, the required regular maintenance of P. pratense is costly. Although the short monitoring period limits conclusions, our results suggest that a suitable combination of transplanting, sowing, and natural succession may be a solution for reclaiming former reindeer summer pastures.

Новые ассоциации и высшие синтаксоны ивняков в восточноевропейском секторе Арктики

Новые ассоциации и высшие синтаксоны ивняков в восточноевропейском секторе Арктики

The biogenic silica-derived Ni-phyllosilicate catalyst with Ru modification: effect of the hydroxylation enhancement and reduction procedure

Ni-phyllosilicate is difficultly formed on the surface of biogenic silica (E) extracted from equisetum fluviatile after calcination, resulting in poor catalytic activity at low temperature (<400 °C). In this work, the hydroxylation treatment of E was carried out to address the problem of lack of the surface silanol group and difficult formation of Ni-phyllosilicate, and the second metal Ru was added using a special procedure to further improve the activity of the catalyst. The surface silanol group concentration of silica (HE) was increased from 0.5 to 0.7 mmol/g after hydroxylation treatment, resulting in formation of more Ni-phyllosilicate with Ni content increase from 11.3 to 17.0 wt%. Considering the great gap of reduction difficulty of Ni-phyllosilicate (>800 °C) and RuO2 species (190 °C), RuO2 species was doped onto the 750 °C-pre-reduced Ni-phyllosilicate via impregnation, and metallic Ru together with Ni could be obtained simultaneously after reduction at a low temperature of 400 °C. The obtained Ru-modified Ni-phyllosilicate catalyst showed high CO2 conversion of 77.3% and CH4 selectivity of 96.4% with high turnover frequency (1.22 s−1, 180 °C) and low activation energy (71.25 kJ/mol). In situ Diffused Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) results revealed that more active formate intermediates (m-HCOO- and m-CO32−) result in high catalytic activity of the Ru-modified Ni-phyllosilicate catalyst. In addition, this catalyst exhibited high anti-sintering property, long-term stability, and hydrothermal stability under severe conditions owing to the Ni-phyllosilicate–based structure.

Ceramothyrium linnaeae . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Ceramothyrium linnaeae (Chaetothyriaceae, Chaetothyriales) found on living leaves of Linnaea borealis . Information on its morphology, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Sweden and Canada (New Brunswick)) and associated organisms ( Metacoleroa dickiei, Equisetum fluviatile, Linnaea borealis, Linnaea borealis var. americana and Lycopodium annotinum ).

Green synthesis of MCM-41 derived from renewable biomass and construction of VOx-Modified nickel phyllosilicate catalyst for CO2 methanation

In order to achieve green synthesis of MCM-41 and address the sintering problem of Ni-based catalyst supported on silica material, MCM-41 with regular spherical morphology was prepared using sodium silicate extracted from renewable equisetum fluviatile as silicon source, and then a group of nickel phyllosilicates were synthesized via the reaction of MCM-41 sphere and nickel nitrate under hydrothermal condition. Much denser nanosheets corresponding to lamellar nickel phyllosilicate were formed on the surface of MCM-41 sphere with the raise of hydrothermal temperature in the range of 180–220 °C, resulting in the nickel content varying from 17.2 to 41.8 wt%. Fine Ni particles with size smaller than 6 nm could be obtained on the 750oC-reduced catalyst owing to the strong nickel-silica interaction derived from Ni-phyllosilicate. After the addition of V2O5 promoter, Ni particle size was further reduced to around 4.5 nm at high Ni loading above 30 wt%. Vanadium species was in the mixed valence state of V(III), V(IV) and V(V) after reduction, which increased the electron cloud density of Ni0, resulting in high catalytic activity of the VOx-modified Ni-phyllosilicate catalyst for CO2 methanation. In a 100 h-400oC-lifetime test and 600 °C-steam hydrothermal treatment, the VOx-modified Ni-phyllosilicate catalyst also showed high long-term stability, excellent sintering resistance of metallic nickel particles and high hydrothermal stability due to the strong surface confinement effect of nickel phyllosilicate and promotion of VOx species. In all, this work provided a green synthesis of MCM-41 as well as an efficient Ni/SiO2 catalyst derived from nickel phyllosilicate for CO2 methanation.

Синтаксономия и экология черноольшаников Московской области

Синтаксономия и экология черноольшаников Московской области

Three-dimensional Porous Biogenic Si/C Composite for High Performance Lithium-ion Battery Anode Derived from Equisetum Fluviatile

Three-dimensional Porous Biogenic Si/C Composite for High Performance Lithium-ion Battery Anode Derived from Equisetum Fluviatile

Highly Hierarchical Fibrillar Biogenic Silica with Mesoporous Structure Derived from the Perennial Plant Equisetum Fluviatile.

A new discovery of highly hierarchical fibrillar biogenic silica with mesoporous structure derived from the perennial plant Equisetum fluviatile was made. By removing the organic compounds through chemical and heat treatment, the biogenic silica skeleton can largely retained the original highly hierarchical structure of the plant stems. Infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, and small-angle X-ray scattering, as well as nitrogen sorption analysis, were employed to characterize the crystalline phases, nanostructure, and porosity of the resulting material. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy investigation reveal that the biogenic silica are fibers with diameters of about 120-150 μm and lengths of more than a few centimeters. These fibers consist of smaller fasciculus with diameters of about 5-15 μm that are composed of three levels of particles with mass and surface fractal characteristics: primary particles on the order of 3-5 nm, secondary particles on the order of 9-12 nm, and tertiary particles on the order of 90-120 nm in size. It is also shown that the biogenic silica have mesoporous structure with an average pore size of 4-6 nm and a specific surface of 100-300 m2/g. Heat treatment at high temperature and residual K+ significantly affects the characteristics of the mesoporous structure of the biogenic silica, although it has little effect on the surface fractal structure of the secondary particles.

Динамика некоторых редких видов растений на избыточно увлажненных почвах Московского региона

В Москве иПодмосковье ряд растений, произрастающих на избыточно увлажненных участках леса, сырых полянах ив болотах, относится кохраняемым видам. Выявлены местообитания таких растений. Врезультате многолетних наблюдений установлена связь динамики численности некоторых растений спогодными условиями, впервую очередь сколичеством осадков за предыдущий летний период. The article provides materials on anumber of protected plant species in Moscow and the Moscow region, growing in over-wetted areas of forest, damp glades and in swamps. For anumber of plants, long-term observations of the dynamics of their numbers are carried out. The connection of fluctuations in the abundance of anumber of plants with weather conditions, primarily the amount of precipitation during the summer period, has been established. Moneses uniflora was found in excessively moist areas of middle-aged pine and birch forests with an admixture of alder gummy. The main satellites of the same flower are Ramischia secunda, Carex caespitosa. In 2007, Moneses met in numerous groups. After dry 2010, asharp decline in its numbers began, in 2018only afew specimens were found. On the territory of Moscow, Equisetum variegatum is marked on the Shchukinsky peninsula in awet middle-aged birch forest with an admixture of pine. Its main satellites are Lycopus europaeus, Phragmites australis, Pyrola minor, Carex hirta. Polemonium coeruleum is found on forest glades, gap, or forest edges, most of which are with excessive moisture. Its usual companion is Filipendula ulmaria. In the Moscow region, Trollius europaeus is abundant in glades and along forest edges, where its main companions are meadow-forest and meadow species, usually dominated by Chaerophyllum aromaticum, Urtica dioica. Over 10years of observation, the number of generative individuals Trollius gradually decreased, reaching aminimum in 2017. The main satellites of Hierochloe odorata are meadow-forest and meadow species, significantly fewer alder and grass-marsh species. The main satellite of Hierochloe is Angelica sylvestris. In the Moscow region, Matteuccia struthiopteris populations have been found by us both in the floodplains of rivers and streams, and on dry lands. Matteuccia is most abundant in depressions in relief, where there is usually constant excessive moisture. Matteuccia satellites are most often Aegopodium podagraria, Galeobdolon luteum and places of Ficaria verna. The usual companion of Ranunculus lingua is Equisetum fluviatile. After adry year, the number of buttercup decreases sharply, and recovery is slow. Polygonum bistorta in the Moscow region reaches its greatest abundance in areas where meadow-forest and meadow species prevail in the grass cover. Common satellites of the Polygonum are Alchemilla vulgaris, Alopecurus pratensis, Urtica dioica, Filipendula ulmaria. The greatest abundance of Thelypteris palustris reaches in areas where alder and marsh species dominate in the grass cover. The main companion of Thelypteris is Phragmites australis. The number per unit area of plant species studied by us is largely dependent on weather conditions, primarily on the amount of precipitation of the previous year, as well as on the dynamics of grass cover associated with the cessation of cattle grazing and haymaking in these.

PSYCHROPHILIC STRAIN FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM – PROSPECTS FOR THE USE FOR BIODEGRADATION OF CYANIDES IN INDUSTRIAL CIRCULATING WATERS

The microbiome of industrial cyanide-containing circulating waters studied using deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene region. Microorganisms are isolated from water, perennial submerged wood and Equisetum fluviatile. Cyanide bio destructors were screened; cultivation conditions of the Fusarium oxysporum strain in a shaker incubator and bioreactor were selected.

Interactions between environmental factors and vertical extension of helophyte zones in lakes in Finland

Sheltered shores in boreal lakes are typically dominated by emergent helophytes in which the perennating organ lies in soil below the water level, but the aerial shoots protrude above the water. Changes in natural water-level regimes due to hydropower development may significantly affect the longitudinal extent of the helophyte zone. We explored the vertical distribution of helophyte zones under water-level regulation to develop tools for estimating hydropower impacts. We recorded the vertical extension of the three most common helophyte species (Carex L. spp., Equisetum fluviatile L., and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) along 238 macrophyte transects in four regulated lakes and one nonregulated lake in Finland. We used random forest (RF) models to quantify the degree to which water-level fluctuation and site-specific environmental variables uniquely explained the variation in helophyte zonation. The vertical extension of Carex spp. was most strongly associated with the water-level fluctuation of the open-water period (OWP), followed by Phragmites and Equisetum. Overall, the RF models explained 4–41% of the variation observed in the helophyte zones. The models indicated that OWP fluctuation, slope, openness, and cover of other macrophyte groups were key factors explaining the extent of the helophyte zones. OWP fluctuation was the most important variable for zonation of Carex spp. and the upper limit of Phragmites. Slope was the most significant variable for the lower limit of Equisetum and Phragmites. Our study demonstrates the importance of taking into account natural habitat-level variability to increase confidence in quantifying the environmental impacts of hydropower production. This approach could be used in future impact assessments of new water-level regulation practices.

Растительность акватории и побережий озера Таловское и его окрестностей (Корякский округ, Камчатский край)

Растительность акватории и побережий озера Таловское и его окрестностей (Корякский округ, Камчатский край)

Palaeoecological reconstructions of vegetation successions in two contrasting former turbaries in the Netherlands and implications for conservation

Terrestrialization stages of mire vegetation are important to Dutch nature conservancy because of high biodiversity, particularly of base-rich fens. In recent turbaries, terrestrialization has however not shown development of such a stage, while existing rich fens show accelerated development towards species-poor Sphagnum-dominated vegetation, due to acidification and lack of base-rich water input. We apply the analysis of microfossils and macroremains in two peat cores in order to get a better understanding of terrestrialization in the past, and thus provide information on actual vegetation successions, which is directly relevant to nature conservation.The sampling site Stobbenribben showed a vegetation succession under relatively nutrient-poor conditions. The site at Westbroek underwent two peat digging events with one vegetation sequence starting in the 16th/17th century under nutrient-poor conditions, and another during the last century under relatively nutrient-rich conditions. Results from Westbroek showed that if the pond is shallow, rich-fen bryophytes develop relatively close to the bottom of newly formed peat, due to structural support by species such as Equisetum fluviatile and Schoenoplectus lacustris. For Stobbenribben, where the pond is much deeper, rich-fen bryophytes only established after development of a floating root mat with Stratiotes aloides. For both Stobbenribben and 20th century Westbroek, the base-rich fen stage took 60years to establish and remained for only 30years without additional input of base-rich water.Our palaeoecological records can be used to provide a longer temporal perspective to address conservation issues of base-rich fens. We conclude that digging up new turf ponds may not be enough to meet the obligations of the Natura 2000 Habitat Directive, if extra measures to prolong the lifespan of rich fens through e.g. temporary inundations with base-rich and nutrient-poor water are not taken into account.

Flora and Vegetation of Lake Serkinskoye on the Turij Peninsula (Murmansk Region)

Lake Serkinskoye is situated on Tyrij Peninsula of the Kola Peninsula (Kandalaksha State Nature Reserve). Morphological and hydrochemical characteristics (pH, dissolved oxygen, mineral phosphorus, silicon) of the lake are presented in the paper. The checklist of macrophytes includes: Phagmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Equisetum fluviatile L., Potamogeton alpinus Balb., P. filiformis Pers., Sparganium angustifolium Michx., Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh., C. rostrata Stokes, Comarum palustre L., Menyanthes trifoliata L. The description of water vegetation is given. A classification scheme of vegetation was made using dominant-determinant approach. 7 vegetation formations and 9 associations were defined: Potametum filiformi, Sparganietum angustifolii, Equisetetum fluviatilis, Phragmitetum australis, Equiseto fluviatilis-Phragmitetum australis, Cariceto-Phragmitetum australis, Menyanthetum trifoliatae, Caricetum lasiocarpae, Caricetum rostratae . The mapping of water vegetation and spatial analysis of plant communities were made. Lake Serkinskoye was compared with other water bodies of the Kandalaksha Reserve. An addition to the trophic water bodies' classification of the Kandalaksha Reserve was made. A new trophic type - oligotrophic lakes - was distinguished. Lake Serkinskoe and Lake Pit'evoye, located on Lodeinij Isaland of the Severnij Archipelago (White Sea), were referred to this type.

Optimization of Polymerase Chain Reaction for Inter Simple Sequence Repeat Technique for Four Species of Plants

Polymerase chain reaction optimization for inter simple sequence repeat primers is a key factor to obtain accurate and reproducible results for gene mapping, studying the genetic structure of populations, plant passporting, phylogenetic analysis. Changing temperature conditions, the amount of amplification cycles and concentration of reaction mixture components is allowed to vary the number of bands obtained by this method. This article is result of preliminary research of method selection for molecular analysis. It is aimed to show how to adjust the profile of inter simple sequence repeat fragments by polymerase chain reaction for four model species Stipa lessingiana, Poa intricata, Equisetum fluviatile and Pteridium aquilinum. The working concentrations of magnesium chloride for primer ((СТС)3GC) and ((АС)8YG) were 2.5 mM for 0.63 units of Taq DNA polymerase and for primer ((СА)6GG) it was 4.5 mM for 1.25 units. Sharply defined banding was observed from the minimal amount of DNA 5 ng per reaction, with primer concentration from 10 to 80 pmol and dNTPs concentration 0.2 mM. Optimal hybridization temperatures were 51.9 °C for primers ((АС)8YG), ((СА)6GG) and 50.0 °C for ((СТС)3GC). The best imaging results were obtained when setting up electrophoresis in 1.9% agarose gel

Arsenic and antimony geochemistry of mine wastes, associated waters and sediments at the Giant Mine, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada

Elevated levels of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) in water and sediments are legacy residues found downstream from gold-mining activities at the Giant Mine in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. To track the transport and fate of As and Sb, samples of mine-waste from the mill, and surface water, sediment, pore-water, and vegetation downstream of the mine were collected. Mine waste, pore-water, and sediment samples were analyzed for bulk chemistry, and aqueous and solid-state speciation. Sediment and vegetation chemistry were evaluated using scanning electron microscope imaging, synchrotron-based element mapping and electron microprobe analysis. The distributions of As and Sb in sediments were similar, yet their distributions in the corresponding pore-waters were mostly dissimilar, and the mobility of As was greater than that of Sb. Competition for sorption sites is the most likely cause of elevated Sb concentrations in relatively oxidized pore-water and surface water. The aqueous and solid-state speciation of As and Sb also differed. In pore-water, As(V) dominated in oxidizing environments and As(III) in reducing environments. In contrast, the Sb(V) species dominated in all but one pore-water sample, even under reducing conditions. Antimony(III) appears to preferentially precipitate or adsorb onto sulfides as evidenced by the prevalence of an Sb(III)-S secondary solid-phase and the lack of Sb(III)(aq) in the deeper zones. The As(V)–O solid phase became depleted with depth below the sediment–water interface, and the Sb(V)–O phase persisted under relatively reducing conditions. In the surficial zone at a site populated by Equisetum fluviatile (common horsetail), As and Sb were associated with organic material and appeared mobile in the root zone. In the zone below active plant growth, As and Sb were associated primarily with inorganic phases suggesting a release and reprecipitation of these elements upon plant death. The co-existence of reduced and oxidized As and Sb species, instability of some phases under changing redox conditions, and plant uptake and release pose challenges for remediation efforts at the mine.

ROLA JEZIOR (MOKRADEŁ) OSUWISKOWYCH W TRANSFORMACJI WŁAŚCIWOŚCI FIZYCZNO-CHEMICZNYCH WÓD NA PRZYKŁADZIE VELKE OSTURNIANSKE JAZERO W SŁOWACJI

In the article a role of the flow bog in the transformation of the physical-chemical properties of waters was described. They demonstrated that in the water flowing out of the bog a fall in the mineralization and concentrations of selected ions take place towards feedwaters. The species stated within the bog of plants, mainly Carex rostrata, Schoenoplectus lacustris, Equisetum fluviatile, Juncus effusus, Menyanthes trifoliata can be found the under construction application of sewage treatment plant on highlands of the Western Carpathians (to 900 m.n.p.m., the average annual air temperature > of 5 °C and the time of lying of the snowy lid of 90 days in the year).

Seasonal persistence of marine‐derived nutrients in south‐central Alaskan salmon streams

Spawning salmon deliver annual pulses of marine‐derived nutrients (MDN) to riverine ecosystems around the Pacific Rim, leading to increased growth and condition in aquatic and riparian biota. The influence of pulsed resources may last for extended periods of time when recipient food webs have effective storage mechanisms, yet few studies have tracked the seasonal persistence of MDN. With this as our goal, we sampled stream water chemistry and selected stream and riparian biota spring through fall at 18 stations (in six watersheds) that vary widely in spawner abundance and at nine stations (in three watersheds) where salmon runs were blocked by waterfalls. We then developed regression models that related dissolved nutrient concentrations and biochemical measures of MDN assimilation to localized spawner density across these 27 stations. Stream water ammonium‐N and orthophosphate‐P concentrations increased with spawner density during the summer salmon runs, but responses did not persist into the following fall. The effect of spawner density on δ15N in generalist macroinvertebrates and three independent MDN metrics (δ15N, δ34S, and ω3:ω6 fatty acids) in juvenile Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) was positive and similar during each season, indicating that MDN levels in biota increased with spawner abundance and were maintained for at least nine months after inputs. Delta 15N in a riparian plant, horsetail (Equisetum fluviatile), and scraper macroinvertebrates did not vary with spawner density in any season, suggesting a lack of MDN assimilation by these lower trophic levels. Our results demonstrate the ready assimilation of MDN by generalist consumers and the persistence of this pulsed subsidy in these organisms through the winter and into the next growing season.

About the finding of Pallasiola quadrispinosa (G.O. Sars, 1867) (Gammaridae: Amphipoda) in Lake Vishtynetskoye (Kaliningrad region)

Lake Vishtynetskoye is the only water body in Kaliningrad region where the glacial freshwater relict Pallasiola quadrispinosa (G.O. Sars, 1867) inhabits. Amphipods were recorded in the littoral zone of the lake in autumn and winter 2008. In the biotope with silty shell limestone, amphipods were recorded only in winter (20 ind./m2). The abundance of P. quadrispinosa was 200 ind/m2 in autumn and 60 ind/m2 in the biotope of sand with overgrowths of water horsetail in winter. At present amphipod, P. quadrispinosa is registered in 12 lakes of Vishtynetsky (Suwalki) Upland.