Wastewater Treatment Equipment Research Articles

How can a cost-effective method for industrial wastewater treatment be developed in India?

Wastewater treatment and repurposing will be pivotal for growing economies as demand for water increases. A sustainable approach toward economic development in India would be treating industrial wastewater for agricultural applications, reducing overall water consumption, and feeding one sector of the Indian economy with effluent from another. To achieve this, a cost-effective and sustainable treatment process needs to be developed. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the available methods and equipment for wastewater treatment through a brief literature review. A four-stage treatment was considered, including pretreatment, primary and secondary chemical treatment, and post treatment. The overall process features screening, oil skimming, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, aeration, and gravel filter. The most important specifications suitable for India include using spent poly-aluminum chloride as a coagulant and flocculant (CPCB, 2022) and using vertical shaft aerators (Drewnoski, et. al., 2019) and high-efficiency blowers (Bell, et. al., 2011) in the aeration process.

Evaluation of Selected Operating Process Variables for a Bioflocculant Supported Column Flotation System

The poultry industry generates significant volumes of slaughterhouse wastewater, laden with numerous pollutants, thus requiring pretreatment prior to discharge. However, new technologies must be used to re-engineer the existing wastewater treatment equipment and incorporate new designs to improve the treatment processes or system performance. In this study, three variables, i.e., diffuser design, bioflocculant form, and flow rate, were evaluated to determine their effect on the performance of a bioflocculant-supported column flotation (BioCF) system. It was found that bioflocculants influenced diffuser performance with limited impact when the feed flow rate was varied, i.e., 3D-printed air diffusers and cell-free flocculants imparted high BioCF performance when compared to moulded diffusers and cell-bound flocculants. Notably, the combination of 3D-printed air diffusers and cell-free flocculants resulted in relatively high pollutant removal (81.23% COD, 94.44% TSS, 97.77% protein, and 90.38% turbidity reduction). The study lays a foundation for exploring 3D-printed air diffusers, a relatively new technology in conjunction with microbial flocculants usage that are regarded as eco-friendly for application in industry to enhance the performance of column flotation systems.

Проблемы накопления осадков сточных вод на территории канализационных очистных сооружений

The work is devoted to the study of environmental problems associated with the impact of sewage sludge on environmental components and the problems of recycling a mixture of sludge on the territory of the STP. Sewage sludge can be harmful to the environment if we do not take proper steps to dispose and treat it. The main impact on the soil during the accumulation of sewage sludge on sludge deposits of sewage treatment plants is exerted by such heavy metals as copper, cadmium, nickel, manganese, lead, zinc. Heavy metals, coming from the soil into plants and transmitted through food chains, have a toxic effect on plants, animals and humans. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce modern technologies and equipment for effective wastewater treatment in order to reduce the amount of sludge formation and methods of its treatment to reduce the negative impact on the environment and human health. The purpose of the work is to analyze the processes of waste treatment “a mixture of sludge from mechanical and biological treatment of domestic and mixed wastewater” at a sewerage treatment plants in order to minimize the negative impact on the environment, using the example of Irkutsk. An analysis of literature sources was carried out as part of a study related to the problem of wastewater disposal. Possible methods of disposal in Russia include: burial, pyrolysis, incineration, use in construction and use as fertilizer. As a result of the analysis of sewage sludge treatment at the Irkutsk STP, it can be concluded that the current method of sludge treatment using sludge cards is ineffective and has a negative impact on the environment. Based on the considered methods of treating sewage sludge, the vitrification method can be accepted as optimal, which can solve the problem of treating sewage sludge at the Irkutsk STP.

Mathematical modeling and experimental validation of a novel Circulating Oxygenation Biofilm Equipment (COBE) for the management of decentralized wastewater treatment

The difficulties of management were the key barriers to the promotion of decentralized wastewater treatment in remote areas. In this study, a novel decentralized Circulating Oxygenation Biofilm Equipment (COBE) and its remote management potential based on mathematical modeling were investigated. The COBE is an integrated biofilm reactor that employs drippage aeration and enables oxygenation, filtration, and effluent processes to be controlled, thus providing convenience for controlling. The model for the COBE describing drippage aeration, comprehensive ammonia-related microbes, and corncob carbon source release process was studied to uncover the impacts of operational conditions on decentralized wastewater treatment in the COBE system. The equipment regulation parameter (circulating oxygenation ratio) was found to be linearly correlated with the oxygen mass transfer coefficient. This discovery enabled highly accurate prediction of COD, NH4–N, and TN concentrations in the equipment effluent at various scenarios. The comprehensive ammonia oxidation biological model indicated that the model could duplicate the actual situation of the succession of ammonia metabolizing related microorganisms. Comammox and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) dominated ammonia metabolism in this equipment rather than conventional ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). This study could contribute to the Internet of Things system construction of decentralized wastewater treatment equipment, and provide a solution for timely decentralized equipment management in remote areas.

Study and Application Status of Ultrasound in Organic Wastewater Treatment

Ultrasound waves have been widely used in the field of organic wastewater treatment due to their mechanical, thermal, and chemical effects derived from their cavitation effect. Many researchers have combined ultrasound waves with other organic wastewater treatment methods because they have the potential to offset the disadvantages of other methods. In recent years, many authors within the literature have reviewed the application of ultrasound combined with a certain wastewater treatment method. In this review, we introduce the working mechanism of ultrasound in the treatment of organic wastewater and then examine the synergistic effects of ultrasound with other organic wastewater treatment methods based on various applications, indicating a strong synergistic effect between ultrasound and other wastewater treatment methods. Subsequently, we introduce typical ultrasound-enhanced organic wastewater treatment equipment and propose some possible developmental directions for ultrasound in the treatment of organic wastewater.

Research Progress of Industrial Heavy Metal Wastewater Treatment Process

With the rapid development of modern industry, the types and emissions of heavy metal wastewater are also increasing day by day. Heavy metal wastewater is non biodegradable, and discharge standards are also updated and iterated with people's continuous requirements for health. Based on the current situation of industrial heavy metal wastewater treatment in China, this paper summarizes the sources and treatment status of heavy metal wastewater, as well as the commonly used technologies and processes for industrial wastewater treatment from traditional to modern at home and abroad, introduces the advantages and disadvantages of physical, chemical and biological treatment methods for industrial wastewater containing heavy metals in practical applications, and looks forward to the development trend of Advanced oxidation process and biological treatment methods. The biological treatment method has the characteristics of rich raw materials, environmentally friendly and pollution-free, but at present, the research on biotechnology is not mature and its application is not widespread. If the system is applied to industrial treatment of heavy metal wastewater, further research is still needed. There are few heavy metal wastewater treatment equipment or systems developed from heavy metal wastewater treatment processes, and the issues of continuous operation, automation, and large-scale treatment of heavy metal wastewater still need to be explored. There is also room for development in the field of resource development and utilization by extracting and recovering heavy metals from sludge after heavy metal wastewater treatment. This article reviews the methods for treating heavy metal wastewater and evaluates them, with the aim of pointing out research directions and providing practical application references for the large-scale industrial development of industrial heavy metal wastewater in the future.

Hydraulic Simulation of Local Industrial Wastewater Treatment Facilities

The creation of technologies and equipment for wastewater treatment remains a topical issue for the efficient use of water resources and ensuring environmental sustainability. The article presents the results of research on improving the efficiency of vertical sewer settling tanks for the treatment of urban and industrial wastewater based on hydraulic calculations. The study used hydraulic modeling methods. A laboratory model of vertical settling tanks has been developed. The studies were carried out using real industrial wastewater. The process of achieving a reduction in the amount of suspended solids in industrial and storm drains to 345 mg/l, the amount of oil products to 3-3.5 mg/l in a vertical sump and ways to implement it in nature has been studied and shown.

Selection of alternative solution for implementing green productivity of milk agroindustry in Malang Raya

The dairy agroindustry in Malang Raya has high development potential due to the increasing market demand for dairy products. Previous studies have analyzed the application of green productivity at SMEs Milk X in Malang City and proposed alternative solutions to make liquid organic fertilizers, install wastewater treatment equipment, and utilize wastewater as hydroponic growing media. This study aimed to follow up the results of previous studies, focusing on selecting alternative solutions to be applied to SMEs Milk X and analyze the green productivity index (GPI) value from the selected alternative solutions. In selecting alternatives, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method was used with data obtained from questionnaires. The results obtained indicate that the selected alternative solution that potentially to be applied in the SMEs Milk X was the manufacture of liquid organic fertilizer. In this alternative, the GPI value increased from 0.24 to 1.078.

Premium grade products with IE3 premium efficiency motor

Tsurumi Avant is a product brand developed by Tsurumi, a company that manufactures submersible pumps and wastewater treatment equipment for the next-generation market.

Bacillus velezensis LG37 absorbs and utilizes ammonia nitrogen from aquaculture water and enhances the toxicity tolerance of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) to ammonia (non-ionic ammonium)

High concentrations of ammonia nitrogen lead to multi-organ damage, decreased immunity, and metabolic disorders in aquaculture animals, which cause disease outbreaks. This study mainly screened probiotic strains for good control of the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and identified strain LG37 as Bacillus velezensis according to its morphological, 16S rDNA, phylogenetic, and genomic data analysis. This LG37 strain achieved efficiently purifies aquaculture water and enhances the toxicity tolerance of grass carp to ammonia. The experimental on growth characteristics showed that LG37 exhibited a satisfactory growth trend with 10 types of sugar, 17 types of amino acids, and 6 types of organic nitrogen as the carbon or nitrogen source. Under the conditions of initial dissolved oxygen at 6±1 mg/L, the temperature at 27±2°C, and pH 7±0.3. Through wastewater treatment equipment, which degraded ammonia nitrogen and the feed protein in grass carp culture wastewater reached up to 55.5% and 73.6% within one week, respectively. Moreover, in the acute toxicity test, when feed without LG37 was fed to grass carp, the safe concentration of ammonia nitrogen (non-ionic ammonium) was 3.37 mg/L (0.2 mg/L). When feed with LG37 was fed to grass carp, the safe concentration of ammonia nitrogen (non-ionic ammonium) was 5.11 mg/L (0.31 mg/L). Compared to feed without LG37, the feed with LG37 increased the toxicity tolerance of grass carp to ammonia nitrogen (non-ionic ammonium) by 51.63% (55%).

A bibliometric analysis of research progress in sulfate-rich wastewater pollution control technology

Sustainable industrial development requires research on pollution control in industrial wastewater, particularly sulfate-rich wastewater, which poses a threat to the environment. This article differs from the previous sulfate wastewater treatment process and equipment review. Based on the quantitative analysis, this paper has determined some characteristics of the related literature on the pollution control technology of high-concentration sulfate wastewater to help researchers establish future research directions. From 1991–2020, the WoS database published 9473 articles related to high-concentration sulfate wastewater treatment technology. We used bibliometric analysis combined with social network analysis and s-curve technical analysis in this research. The United States was the first to start this type of research, Australia has insightful and instructive research articles in this area, and China is the most active in international cooperation. The keywords that appear most frequently in the dataset are degradation, adsorption, oxidation, reduction, and recovery. By S-curve fitting, it is known that biological treatment methods are closer to the maturity stage than physical and chemical treatment methods.

ELECTROPULSE EROSION OF ELECTRODES IN A LIQUID MEDIUM DURING THE TREATMENT OF GALVANIC WASTEWATER

The high-quality treatment of waste water from galvanic production sites is a recent problem in many fields of production. The electric pulse method is the most acceptable treatment method for this type of waste water. In the present paper are presents the survey results of the dependence of productivity of the main technological process (metal dispersion) on the energy and technological characteristics of a pulse generator and an electric discharge reactor. The survey results are necessary to determine the optimal operating modes and adequate design of equipment for waste water treatment of aircraft production galvanic areas. Physical and mathematical model which are presented and experimental data confirm the dependence of the magnitude and nature of the electric pulse erosion of the material on the dispersion conditions. Results of an experimental investigation of energy technology factors influence on the dispersion of metal in an electroerosive reactor are presented in the paper. A mathematical model of the dependence of the process productivity and specific energy expenditure has been obtained. The results of an experimental investigation of the discharge dimple on a microscope REM 106 for steel electrodes are presented.

Investment in SiC membrane plant follows Cembrane joining Ovivo

Ovivo Inc, a provider of water and wastewater treatment equipment, technology and systems, is investing more than U$25 million in the construction of a plant in Texas, USA, to manufacture Cembrane silicon carbide (SiC) membranes.

Cembrane drives growth of its SiC membrane technology by joining Ovivo

Membrane technology company Cembrane A/S has joined Ovivo Group, which provides water and wastewater treatment equipment and systems.

Electrocatalytic Degradation of Levofloxacin, a Typical Antibiotic in Hospital Wastewater.

Presently, in the context of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, several antibiotics are overused in hospitals, causing heavy pressure on the hospital’s wastewater treatment process. Therefore, developing stable, safe, and efficient hospital wastewater treatment equipment is crucial. Herein, a bench-scale electrooxidation equipment for hospital wastewater was used to evaluate the removal effect of the main antibiotic levofloxacin (LVX) in hospital wastewater using response surface methodology (RSM). During the degradation process, the influence of the following five factors on total organic carbon (TOC) removal was discussed and the best reaction condition was obtained: current density, initial pH, flow rate, chloride ion concentration, and reaction time of 39.6 A/m2, 6.5, 50 mL/min, 4‰, and 120 min, respectively. The TOC removal could reach 41% after a reaction time of 120 min, which was consistent with the result predicted by the response surface (40.48%). Moreover, the morphology and properties of the electrode were analyzed. The degradation pathway of LVX was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Subsequently, the bench-scale electrooxidation equipment was changed into onboard-scale electrooxidation equipment, and the onboard-scale equipment was promoted to several hospitals in Dalian.

The use of electrotechnical equipment for food production wastewater treatment

Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.

Design and research of uranium-containing wastewater treatment equipment based on new organometallic framework materials (MOF-808)

With the significant increase in the amount of natural uranium mining in various countries around the world, a large amount of waste rocks are piled up in the tailings pond. If the uranium-containing wastewater is not treated, it will bring serious environmental problems. After related experiments in the laboratory, it is measured that the adsorption rate of high-tech products-MOF-808 material to uranium ions can reach 97% (the optimal pH=7.0, and the optimal dosage is 0.2mg/L). It can be used as a good adsorption material. Based on the high-efficiency selective adsorption of this material to uranium, a set of equipment using MOF-808 was designed in this paper. This device adopts improved intermittent processing, high integration and automation level, and small floor space. According to the desorption characteristics of the material, a simple membrane cleaning method is designed to recover high-concentration uranium-containing cleaning liquid, which greatly reduces the amount of mud and can produce considerable economic benefits. In addition, cleaning and operation can be carried out at the same time, realizing continuous uranium-containing wastewater treatment, which meets the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction, and is beneficial to the construction of green mines.

Synthesis of wastewater treatment process (WWTP) and supplier selection via Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP)

Wastewater treatment process (WWTP) is essential in every manufacturing company to meet stringent discharge regulations and reduce environmental impacts. The wastewater generated from manufacturing companies need to be treated in a suitably designed WWTP. However, with countless wastewater treatment technologies available in the market, WWTP technologies are usually selected based on vague assumptions and past experience. This approach to technology selection may result in high loss of investment to a company on the long run. In addition, there is a paradigm shift in the current manufacturing industrial practise towards more sustainable practices. Therefore, aspects such as carbon footprint and area footprint are important criteria to be considered during the synthesis of WWTP. In that context, this work aims to develop a decision-making tool in technology selection for the synthesis of WWTPs driven by economic and environmental incentives while meeting with local discharge regulations. As multiple optimisation objectives are involved, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is adapted in this work. FAHP assigns weighting factors to criteria and alternatives based on judgements from industrial domain experts. By implementing FAHP, the synthesised final WWTP traded off at a maximum degree of satisfaction of 67.5% had reduce 244.44 USD/day of total investment cost, 134.43 kg CO2-eq/day of carbon footprint and 2 m2 of area footprint. In addition, this work had extended further the decision-making to supplier selection of wastewater treatment equipment based on the wastewater treatment technologies from the synthesised sustainable WWTP. A case study on a sago wastewater treatment process is demonstrated in this work with this proposed approach.

Mobile Phone Remote Controlled Wastewater Treatment Equipment Used in Tribe

This study developed the data acquisition module which involves electronics control hardware and mobile phone APP software, the module could control and monitor wastewater treatment equipment by the APP software running on mobile phone for wastewater treatment in the tribe of eastern Taiwan. The APP user of the tribe can keep abreast of the situation of wastewater treatment and discharge to maintain the water resource with a good water quality.

Development of a new suspension electrolyte based on methane-sulphonic acid for the electrodeposition of Cu–TiO2 composites

Electrodeposition of composite coatings based on copper is a promising direction in the creation of advanced materials for multifunctional purposes. An important area of composites application is to use them in the treatment systems for gas emissions and wastewater. It is advisable to use semiconductor oxide materials, in particular titanium dioxide, as the photocatalysts in the photo destruction of organic pollutants of wastewater. The structural features of wastewater treatment equipment require that titanium dioxide particles should be fixed in a rigid matrix. Resolving the task of fixing photosensitive elements at the surface of a certain configuration implies the electrodeposition of coatings by composites, in particular Cu–TiO2. An important factor affecting the functional characteristics of composites and their manufacturing technology is the nature of the electrolyte. It has been shown that the electrodeposition of Cu–TiO2 composites from methane-sulfonate electrolytes makes it possible to reduce the coagulation of the dispersed phase and to obtain coatings with a high content of titanium dioxide from a suspension solution containing no more than 4 g/l of TiO2. It was established that the content of the dispersed phase in the composite made at a current density of 2 A/dm2 and the concentration of titanium dioxide in the electrolyte at the level of 4 g/l is 1.3 % by weight, which is twice as much as when using a sulfate electrolyte. It has been shown that the increase in the content of the dispersed phase in the coatings from 0.1 to 1.3 % by weight is accompanied by an increase in the degree of photo destruction of the colorant from 6 to 15.5 %. The micro-hardness of coatings increases, in this case, by 30 %. The proposed electrolyte to make the Cu–TiO2 composites is an important contribution to the development of the synthesis of wear-resistant high-performance photocatalysts for treating wastewater from organic pollutants