Construction Equipment Research Articles

A Case Study on the Risk Assessment for O&M of a 1 MW Tidal Current Energy Converter

Tidal power is a technology that generates electricity by utilizing tidal current energy, and in recent years, with the advancement of technology, it has reached the stage of real sea performance test. However, in the case of Korea, there is a lack of construction experience and equipment, and work in fast flows such as the Uldolmok region involves various risk factors. In order to establish measures to reduce these risk factors, Korea’s Occupational Safety and Health Act recommends performing a risk assessment to identify and manage risk factors that may occur during work in advance. Risk assessment is a process aimed at identifying and evaluating potential risk factors that may arise during work, with the goal of minimizing losses caused by accidents. Therefore, in this study, a risk assessment was conducted to identify risk factors that may occur during offshore O&M work of the 1 MW tidal current energy converter and to ensure the safety of workers and the environment. A total of 60 risk factors were identified, including marine and weather conditions, equipment and personnel, and work environments, and a qualitative risk assessment was conducted three times based on the judgment of several field experts.

An Analytical Review for Search of Optimal Selection & Utilization of Earthwork Equipment in Construction

Different types of equipment with various levels/times application times are the characteristic features of all construction projects. Almost every construction project/industry has the most common problem of slow progress and cost overruns due to increasing downtime and decreasing operational efficiency of construction equipment. Construction equipment is involved in construction to such an extent that without it no construction activity can be performed. In recent years, with the continuous advancement in technology and improvement of urbanization, there have been more and more construction project/equipment requirements resulting in either the project delay or cost enhancement As the most critical element earthwork is responsible for not only successful completion of project within schedule but also for the starting of the project, selection of right equipment for earthwork is necessary. Earthwork complexity further increases due to various soil types and equipment, and adverse environmental conditions The present study is concentrated or focused on soil and various costs based practices adopted for the selection of construction equipment and an attempt has been made to find the optimal solution for the most problematic or responsible activities for the delay in project/cost overrun especially in context to excavation, compression, and earth / material movement equipment utilization.

Current State of the Capital Investment Account in Enterprises and Directions for Its Improvement

The article examines the situation of capital investments in businesses today, pointing out problems with capital investment accounting and offering solutions by implementing global standards in the face of the expanding digital economy. The inefficiency of describing capital investment records for various asset kinds, which restricts openness and decision-making usefulness, is one of the major information gaps that has been found. The study's methodology includes a comparative analysis, economic analysis, and data from "Saturn Metalworking LLC" to examine capital investment methods. Results indicate that consistent accounting practices obfuscate precise information about investments in certain assets. One suggestion is to improve accounting procedures to make it easier to track spending in modernization, construction, and various equipment categories. By optimizing capital investment records, these changes hope to enhance stakeholder knowledge and strategic resource allocation in a digital economy.

Drone System Remotely Controlled by Human Eyes: A Consideration of its Effectiveness When Remotely Controlling a Robot

In recent years, Japan has experienced numerous natural disasters, such as typhoons and earthquakes. Teleoperated ground robots (including construction equipment) are effective tools for restoration work at disaster sites and other locations that are dangerous and inaccessible to humans. Using visual information obtained from various viewpoints by a drone can allow for more effective remote control of a teleoperated ground robot, making it easier for the robot to perform a task. We previously proposed and developed a remote-controlled drone system using only human eyes. However, the effectiveness of using this drone system during the remote control of a robot has never been verified. In this paper, as the first step in verifying the effectiveness of the remote-controlled drone system using only the eyes when remote-controlling a robot, we consider its effectiveness in a simple task based on the task times, subjects’ eye fatigue, and subjective evaluations of subjects. First, the previously proposed drone system is briefly described. Next, we describe an experiment in which a drone was controlled by the eyes using the drone system while a robot was controlled by hand, and an experiment in which both the drone and robot were controlled by hand without using the drone system. Based on the experimental results, we evaluate the effectiveness of the remote-controlled drone system using only the eyes when remote-controlling a robot.

Performance analysis of vertical smart isolator based on magnetorheological elastomer

ABSTRACT As one of the field-dependent smart materials whose stiffness and damping properties can change instantaneously and reversibly, magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) has been extensively utilized on base isolation for vibration reduction. However, most previous studies have focused on the shear dynamic performance of MRE isolators, and there are few reports on the vertical extrusion performance of basic isolators within construction equipment. In this paper, MRE materials with strong bearing capacity and suitable vertical stiffness were fabricated by comprehensively considering the selection of raw materials, particle ratio, and sample size. The tension-compression viscoelasticity of the prepared MRE under varying magnetic fields and strain amplitudes was experimentally evaluated using an MRE axial MR testing system. Eventually, a single-degree-of-freedom dynamic test rig for vibration isolation of equipment in buildings, which integrates a vertical isolator with MRE as the core component, was constructed to perform a series of experimental investigations on the alterable frequency vibration capability of the designed MRE vertical isolator. The test results reveal that the controllable stiffness-damping properties of the prepared MRE in the axial tension-compression mode can enable the developed vertical isolator to exhibit superior frequency shifting and vibration attenuating characteristics in structural vibration.

Ontology-Guided Generation of Mechanized Construction Plan for Power Grid Construction Project

Mechanized construction is being fully implemented in the electric power infrastructure domain to ensure construction safety, enhance project quality, and improve efficiency. Traditional methods of designing mechanized construction plans are often inefficient due to their labor-intensive processes and heavy reliance on human expertise. This study introduces and evaluates an ontology-guided system designed to automate mechanized construction planning for power grid projects. The developed ontology effectively models domain-specific knowledge, enabling the semantic integration of data from various sources. By leveraging SPARQL queries, the ontology-guided system incorporates knowledge reasoning capabilities that facilitate the automated selection of construction equipment and the generation of comprehensive construction plans. A prototype system incorporating an ontology-guided mechanism has been developed, showcasing marked enhancements in efficiency and accuracy over traditional manual methods, as evidenced by case studies and expert evaluations. The research results emphasize the potential of ontology-guided systems in innovating architectural planning, providing an extensible and standardized approach. Expert evaluation indicates that the system achieves 71.38% effectiveness in generating mechanized construction plans.

Particularities on the Low-Velocity Impact Behavior of 3D-Printed Sandwich Panels with Re-Entrant and Honeycomb Core Topologies

This work describes, through experimental and numerical investigations, the mechanical behavior and energy absorption characteristics of 3D-printed sandwich panels with cellular cores subjected to low-velocity impact. Using fused deposition modeling techniques (FDM), three different sandwich panels, one with a regular hexagonal core and two with re-entrant cores at 0 and 90 degrees, were fabricated. The sandwich panels were subjected to low-velocity impact, at impact energies of 10 J and 15 J. A comprehensive investigation of the panels’ behavior through experimental testing and numerical simulation was conducted. The results indicate that the sandwich panel with a 90 degrees re-entrant core is stiffer and absorbs the largest amount of impact energy but, at the same time, suffers significant damage to the upper facesheet. The 0 degrees re-entrant core is compliant and provides both impact resistance and good energy absorption characteristics. Such a sandwich panel finds its application in the construction of personal protective equipment, where the aim is to minimize the forces transmitted during low-velocity impacts and maximize the total absorbed energy. Re-entrant core sandwich panels prove to be very good candidates for replacing the honeycomb core sandwich, depending on the desired engineering application.

Marine Equipment Siting Using Machine-Learning-Based Ocean Remote Sensing Data: Current Status and Future Prospects

As the global climate changes, there is an increasing focus on the oceans and their protection and exploitation. However, the exploration of the oceans necessitates the construction of marine equipment, and the siting of such equipment has become a significant challenge. With the ongoing development of computers, machine learning using remote sensing data has proven to be an effective solution to this problem. This paper reviews the history of remote sensing technology, introduces the conditions required for site selection through measurement analysis, and uses cluster analysis methods to identify areas such as machine learning as a research hotspot for ocean remote sensing. The paper aims to integrate machine learning into ocean remote sensing. Through the review and discussion of this article, limitations and shortcomings of the current stage of ocean remote sensing are identified, and relevant development proposals are put forward.

Hybrid yarn structures as a promising approach for thermoplastic biocomposites

The field of composite materials is rapidly expanding due to advancements in materials and manufacturing, driven by environmental concerns for reduced weight, increased energy efficiency, and recyclability. While thermoset composites are crucial, thermoplastics are gaining popularity for their sustainability and manufacturing advantages. They offer quicker processing, easier production, and recyclability, aligning with sustainability goals. While carbon, glass, and aramid fibers remain dominant, natural fibers like flax and hemp offer high performance and affordability with lower environmental impact. Natural-based yarns are finding applications in automotive, construction, consumer goods, and sports equipment. Hybrid yarns, blending natural and polymeric fibers, promote ecological solutions. This review outlines the benefits of natural-based hybrid yarns in thermoplastic composites, exploring production methods and current developments in the field.

Design and construction of a continuous industrial scale cold plasma equipment for fresh produce industry

This study presents the design, construction, and evaluation of a novel continuous industrial-scale cold plasma system optimized for the treatment of fresh produce. The system integrates multiple plasma modules with a multipin-to-plate discharge configuration, ensuring efficient generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species at relatively low voltages. The cold plasma modules are combined with a conveyor mechanism, allowing for continuous, uniform exposure of irregularly shaped food items, such as tomatoes, to reactive plasma species. Notably, the system operates using ambient air, and incorporates modularity for easy scalability, making it suitable for both small-scale enterprises and large-scale industrial applications.Experimental trials on tomatoes demonstrated reductions in microbial load, with the system effectively enhancing product safety while minimizing power consumption. Moreover, the integration of cold storage further extended shelf life, although optimization of plasma treatment parameters remains necessary to preserve bioactive compounds like lycopene and ascorbic acid. This research fills a critical gap in scaling cold plasma technology for industrial use, providing a sustainable and energy-efficient solution for food disinfection. The results highlight the potential of this system to meet industry demands for safe and efficient on-farm and small-scale enterprise disinfection.

반도체 장비 교육을 위한 PLC기반 PID제어 가상 시스템 개발 및 구현에 관한 연구

IIn line with the government’s recent semiconductor talent training policy, vocational high schools and universities are receiving substantial funding for facility and equipment construction. Building semiconductor cleanroom facilities and processing equipment is very costly, while the limited lab space makes providing semiconductor education difficult. Therefore, an alternative education method which solves these issues is needed. To make PID control learning of semiconductor equipment more accessible in terms of cost, space, and difficulty, this study implemented a virtual system in a virtual simulation space, and confirmed the educational effectiveness through a comparative analysis of the real situation and virtual simulation.

Adaptive signal fusion for swashplate pump fault detection using bidirectional long short-term memory and wavelet scattering transform

In construction equipment, swashplate pumps are vital for uninterrupted operations. However, these pumps often experience multiple simultaneous faults. Current detection methods typically rely on a single signal, insufficient for accurately identifying multiple faults in this hydraulic system. To improve accuracy, we utilize multiple signals that provide comprehensive information, using an adaptive signal-level fusion technique. This method involves analyzing pressure, shaft torque, and swashplate torque signals to identify potential faults. The study employs a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model to analyze each type of signal, assessing the model's ability to classify different faults. Once detection accuracy for each fault type is assessed, we propose using a weight matrix to adaptively fuse signals based on their assigned weights. Additionally, the Wavelet Scattering Transform (WST) is utilized for feature extraction from signals with low variance, and Bayesian optimization is applied to find the optimal settings for the BiLSTM model. The proposed approach is tested under various scenarios, including the impact of white Gaussian noise, to evaluate its effectiveness and stability. The results show that the adaptive signal-level fusion approach outperforms traditional methods and individual signal analyses in accurately and robustly detecting swashplate pump faults, highlighting its potential to significantly improve the reliability of construction equipment.

Effectiveness of alarm sounds in preventing operator habituation to auditory warnings in construction equipment

A proximity auditory warning (AW) system has been developed to mitigate accidents involving construction equipment blind spots. However, frequent AW sounds can lead to habituation among construction equipment operators, potentially reducing the system's effectiveness. This paper assessed the effectiveness of AW sounds in mitigating habituation. Twenty-one participants underwent a driving simulation, with reaction time and skin conductance level used as indicators of habituation. Participants' responses to the conventional probe-tone sound were compared with three proposed AW sounds: an auditory icon resembling a threat or dangerous situation, a self-owned name (SON) addressing the participant's name, and a combination of both. SON is recommended as a viable alternative for effective alarm sound. By investigating alarm sounds that enhance operators' responsiveness to obstacles in blind spots, particularly in environments where frequent alarms are unavoidable, this paper contributes to reducing struck-by accidents involving construction equipment.

Analysis of the principles of working load formation in power drives of construction machines and equipment

The purpose of the proposed article is the analysis of the principles of the formation of the workload on the executive bodies of construction machines and technological equipment, which is due to the need for their improvement in order to improve the energy and technological indicators of technological processes.The methodology is based on search, research and creative approaches. The methods of development analysis, patent search, synthesis of technical solutions, simulation modelling was used. Scientific novelty. The study of various approaches to ensuring the implementation of the working movements of executive bodies of construction machines and mechanized technological equipment, the analysis of technical solutions allowed to substantiate the directions of development of drives of construction machines to ensure the necessary laws of movement of executive elements. The authors proposed constructive solutions for synthetic drives of construction machines and equipment, proposed energy-saving approaches aimed at reducing energy consumption. Research results. The article deals with important issues of analyzing the formation of loads on executive bodies of construction machines and equipment. Synthesized constructive solutions obtained in the course of patent research, analysis of modern technical solutions, rational technical design and expert evaluation are presented. A technical solution is proposed to ensure the implementation of adaptive feed in a hydraulic power drive, which can be used in the modernization of existing drives of construction machines and moving parts of mechanized technological equipment.

Exploring the Path of External Service of University Libraries under the Concept of Shared Development

Through the analysis of the necessity and feasibility of the current external services of university libraries, this study shows that the external services of university libraries are very necessary. It plays an important role in social development and the improvement of people's reading literacy. This paper analyzes the existing problems of the external services of university libraries. It shows that there are still many problems in the construction of facilities and equipment, management system, construction funds, etc. It restricts the development speed of external services of university libraries. It also explores the path of promoting the external service of university libraries. The results show that the government needs to provide necessary support and overall planning in terms of construction funds, equipment and facilities. Colleges and universities need to formulate relevant management policies based on the current management system and the characteristics of citizen borrowing. Establish an effective management system to ensure the effective implementation of external services. For college students, enhance the awareness of social service, stimulate innovative thinking and innovative models of library services. In terms of citizens, it is necessary to study the library system, enhance self-restraint, and promote the coordinated development of external services of university libraries.

Study on Heavy Machinery Utilizing the Most Recent Technologies for Excavation of Road Construction and Mining

An essential component of the nation's overall development is its infrastructure development. India is regarded as the centre of the service sector, where infrastructure development is crucial. The main issue is what contractors usually have when choosing the best equipment. Given the circumstances, a contractor's inquiry would likely focus heavily on machinery and plants' upkeep and operating costs. Due to the substantial capital required for the purchase, rental, lease, and operation of the plant and equipment, it must be managed to maximize return on investment, and productivity, and minimize operating, maintenance, and repair costs. Therefore, careful planning and selection are necessary to ensure that the project is completed successfully. The kind of apparatus chosen typically relies on the properties of the material to be worked with. Using tracks or wheeled equipment; power or dragline excavator use a shovel, among other common inquiries that should be responded to by the construction equipment planner.

Unforeseen Situations During the Construction, Installation, Operation, and Modernization of HPP Equipment

Unforeseen Situations During the Construction, Installation, Operation, and Modernization of HPP Equipment

Research on ultrasonic phased array total focusing multi-mode fusion method

Abstract Welded seams are one of the important structural forms in the construction of industrial equipment. But during use, hazardous defects may occur within the weld. Ultrasonic phased-array total focusing method (TFM) is a relatively new post-processing imaging method that can locate defects. In this study, a multi-mode ultrasonic phased-array total focusing fusion method was explored for weld defects to achieve effective quantification and localization of different types of defects. This study explores the application of different fusion methods such as maximum fusion, average fusion and effective region fusion in multi-mode phased array total focusing method. The experimental results show that the fusion methods can improve the accuracy of defect detection compared to single imaging methods, but the effective area fusion method has the best results in detecting weld defects. Taken together, the effective region fusion method can effectively improve the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of multi-mode imaging methods.

Monitoring Mental Fatigue of Construction Equipment Operators: A Smart Cushion–Based Method with Deep Learning Algorithms

Monitoring Mental Fatigue of Construction Equipment Operators: A Smart Cushion–Based Method with Deep Learning Algorithms

Development of automatic arc sag measurement equipment for tensioned line tightening construction on overhead transmission lines

Due to the low degree of automation of the existing arc droop measurement device, the tension line digital twin system is not yet able to simulate the change of arc droop in the actual engineering situation in a high degree of real time. To this end, a kind of arc droop automatic measuring equipment applicable to the working condition of tension frame line tightening construction is developed. In terms of hardware, firstly, the STC microcontroller is used to control the motor to achieve free movement of the equipment on the wire. Secondly, the Beidou positioning module is used to collect the spatial coordinates of each point on the wire, thereby obtaining the spatial attitude of the wire and calculating the final sag. Finally, LoRa technology with long transmission distance and low power consumption is selected for wireless transmission of controlled data and collected data. The software system of the device is equipped with the motor's action logic, which cooperates with the hardware to respond to the control commands issued by the terminal. The developed arc droop measurement equipment has been successfully applied in the project, compared with the traditional arc droop observation construction method construction efficiency increased by 28%, the difference between the observation file arc droop and the design arc droop after erection of the line is 1.96%. Digital simulation and remote guidance of arc sag variations by the digital twin system for tension racking lines was realized while ensuring the engineering requirements.