Equilateral Triangular Antenna Research Articles

Gain Augmentation of a HMSIW based Equilateral Triangular Antenna using CRSF FSS Superstrate

Gain Augmentation of a HMSIW based Equilateral Triangular Antenna using CRSF FSS Superstrate

SIW based compact and dual-band equilateral triangular antennas

In this paper, a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)-based equilateral compact and dual band triangular antennas have been proposed. A SIW-based coaxial fed equilateral triangular antenna has been initially considered. The antenna is found to resonate at 5.28 GHz corresponding to U-NII-2 WLAN band. Two sides of the said antenna are made perfect electrical conductor wall with array of metallic vias and the third side is kept open which acts like a perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) wall. A single slit has been introduced on the PMC wall of the initial antenna which causes a decrease in resonating frequency from 5.28 to 4.29 GHz. The antenna has been further miniaturized by introducing another parallel extra slit on the PMC wall which leads to a decrease in the resonating frequency to 3.3 GHz. The former antenna with single slit is found to exhibit 33% miniaturization while the latter with double slits reflects 56% miniaturization. By changing the coaxial feed location of the initial antenna at off-axis position, a dual band antenna has been realized. The dual band antenna is found to excite both TE101 and TE202 modes efficiently with corresponding resonating frequencies at 4.18 and 8.85 GHz. The prototypes have been fabricated on Arlon AD270 substrate and simulated results are compared with the measured ones. A good agreement has been observed between the simulated and measured results.

Substrate integrated waveguide based triangular antenna arrays

ABSTRACTIn this letter, an equilateral triangular antenna with two sides metallic vias resembling perfect electric conductor walls have been proposed. The antenna is designed and fabricated at 5.49 GHz with gain of 5.7 dBi and radiation efficiency of 98%. With the array element, linear (1 × 2 and 1 × 4) and planar (2 × 2) arrays have been proposed and fabricated. Both the linear arrays operate at the centre frequency of 5.43 GHz. The 1 × 2 array produces a gain of 7.5 dBi offering 49 MHz impedance bandwidth while 1 × 4 array offers 52 MHz impedance bandwidth with 10.7 dBi gain. The 2 × 2 planar array, on the other hand, gives 48 MHz impedance bandwidth with 9.6 dBi gain at the operating frequency of 5.45 GHz. The prototypes are fabricated and various antenna parameters are measured. A close agreement between simulated and measured results is observed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:675–679, 2016

Switchable dual band equilateral triangular microstrip patch antenna using pin diode

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study and calculate the electrical characteristic of an equilateral triangular microstrip patch antenna that is proposed for dual frequency operation using the pin diode. The electrical characteristic of an equilateral triangular microstrip patch antenna is proposed for dual-frequency operation. Spur lines and ON/OFF condition of the pin diode are utilized to switch the resonant frequency of the patch. The presence of spur lines excites the surface current of the patch which is dependent on the resonant frequency of an equilateral triangular microstrip patch. Insertion of the diode in the spur lines gives a better result and compactness in patch design, which improves the miniaturization in size of patch. Design/methodology/approach – Antenna Design Aspects: A basic structure of an equilateral triangular microstrip antenna (ETMA) having two spur lines and one pin diode positioned in between the spur line is considered in this paper. The design parameters are chosen on the basis of substrate materials having relative permittivity less than three. Specification of the antenna is given in Table I. Substrate material used is RT Duroid 5,880; relative permittivity of the substrate er is 2.2; thickness of dielectric substrate h is 1.5 mm; sides of equilateral triangular patch a are 10 mm, spur width s is 0.5 mm; and spur length b is 2.0 mm. Findings – This paper gives an account of achieving polarization swiftness with coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed. The miniaturized size of the antenna is 35 × 30 mm2. Switchable microstrip equilateral triangular antenna has been demonstrated for dual-frequency operations. The resonant frequency of an ETMA can be adjusted by setting the diode in an ON and OFF state. The design improves the miniaturization in size with a discussion of radiation density. The excited patch surface current is limited to flow around just the mid of the patch in simple ETMA with a single slit cut. It is observed that for an ETMA, when the diode is in the ON state at 9.16 GHz, the excited patch surface current is highly distributed in the patch compared to when the diode is in the ON state at 11 GHz. Similarly, it is observed that the excited surface patch current is highly distributed when the diode is in the OFF state in both frequencies (9 and 11.96 GHz). The mode is changed by the use of a switch at time and it is suitable for wireless communication applications. Originality/value – Spur lines and the ON/OFF condition of the pin diode are utilized to switch the resonant frequency of the patch. The presence of spur lines excites the surface current of the patch which is dependent on the resonant frequency of an equilateral triangular microstrip patch. Insertion of the diode in spur lines gives a better result and compactness in patch design, which improves the miniaturization in size of the patch.

Compact shorted variations of triangular microstrip antennas

Equilateral and triangular 30°–60°–90° microstrip antennas have been modified by shorting along the zero field to yield shorted 60 and 30°–sectoral microstrip antennas, respectively. Experimental results on these antennas are presented. The shorted 60 and 30°–sectoral antennas result in area reduction by factors of 2.5 and 5.0, respectively, compared to the equilateral triangular antenna with the same resonant frequency. The frequency is further reduced by partially shorting the curved edges of the sectoral antennas.