Equalization Of Basic Public Services Research Articles

Can government digitalization promote the urban–rural equalization of basic public services? Evidence from double machine learning

ABSTRACT Information technology, as an important tool for realizing the modernization of national governance system and capacity, has brought new opportunities for improving the government’s capacity to deliver basic public services (BPS). Taking the information benefiting people pilot policy as an exogenous shock, we use the double machine learning model to examine the impact of government digitization on urban – rural BPS equalization based on panel data of prefectural cities in China from 2006 to 2021, which overcomes the limitations of the linear setting of traditional causal inference models and maintains estimation accuracy under high-dimensional control variables. The findings suggest that government digitization can significantly contribute to urban – rural BPS equalization, and this conclusion holds after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism test reveals that government digitization promotes urban – rural BPS equalization by improving the efficiency of BPS supply and the efficiency of fiscal transfer payment. Moreover, for cities with low fiscal pressure, high fiscal transparency and low economic growth pressure, government digitization will have a stronger driving effect on urban – rural BPS equalization. This study provides valuable theoretical insights and policy ideas for promoting BPS equalization through digital governance.

Examining Urban-Rural Public Service Equalization and Common Prosperity in China: A Data-Driven Study on Regional Disparity

Achieving equal access to basic public services between urban and rural areas in China has become an important pathway to eliminating inequality, improving national welfare, and ultimately achieving common prosperity. Through data analysis and a data-driven approach, it is possible to better guide future policy formulation and implementation to help China achieve its goal of inclusive growth. This research endeavors to examine the interrelations between the discrepancies in basic public services provision in urban and rural areas, establishing a comprehensive evaluation indicator framework, while delving into the intricate dynamics between such service equalization and the attainment of common prosperity. Moreover, it aims to uncover the varying degrees of regional disparities witnessed during the journey to common prosperity in different parts of China, thereby providing valuable insights and references for nations and regions striving to enhance social equality. This study focused on the 31 provincial-level administrative regions of China(excluding the regions of Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan) The research methodology entails employing the entropy weight method to determine the weights of evaluation indicators, supplemented by a coupling coordination model to analyze the level of harmonization between urban and rural areas. Furthermore, the Dagum Gini coefficient method and kernel density estimation were utilized for an in-depth exploration of the distribution and disparities observed in regional coordination. The findings of this study reveal that between 2012 and 2021, the disparities in the equalization of basic public services between China’s urban and rural areas witnessed a progressive widening, despite modest improvements in the overall level of common prosperity. The prevailing pattern observed can be summarized as “high coupling, low coordination”. Notably, these disparities are particularly conspicuous in the western regions of the country. Additionally, this research identifies the imbalanced development of basic public service equalization between urban and rural areas as the primary cause for the observed low level of coordination. This study emphasized the intrinsic nexus and coordinated interplay existing between the equalization of urban and rural public services and the achievement of common prosperity. To foster enhanced coordination between urban and rural areas, it is imperative to prioritize the implementation of policies that promote the amalgamation of urban and rural realms, while concurrently striking a harmonious balance in the pursuit of multi-dimensional objectives. Furthermore, region-specific policies need to be formulated, with particular attention to addressing the disparities in coordination and the polarization issues prevalent in the western regions, ensuring the effectiveness and precision of these measures.

新时代共同富裕的战略定位、目标任务与实践举措

Achieving common prosperity for all people is an unswerving goal of the the Communist Party of China. The strategic positioning of common prosperity in the new era has been improved, which is the inevitable requirement of the Communist Party of China’s long-term governance, the essential requirement of socialism, and the important feature of Chinese path to modernization. The target tasks of common prosperity in the new era are to achieve both material and spiritual prosperity, promote common prosperity in stages, and promote common prosperity according to the four principles. The practical measures for common prosperity in the new era are driven by promoting high-quality development, achieving poverty alleviation as a breakthrough, building a fair distribution system as an institutional guarantee, and promoting equalization of basic public services as an important means.

Research on the Path to Achieving Equalization of Basic Public Services in Zhejiang Province

Research on the Path to Achieving Equalization of Basic Public Services in Zhejiang Province

Is the happiness of Chinese truly the highest in the world? The impact of basic public services on happiness.

Based on the survey report by the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) and Ipsos Group, the world ranking of Chinese people's happiness shows a significant gap. This study attempts to analyze the subjective well-being of Chinese residents through public database from the China Household Finance Survey Center in 2017. An ordered Probit model is constructed to investigate the impact of non-monetary factors, specifically basic public services, on the subjective well-being of Chinese people. The results indicate that: (1) The subjective well-being of Chinese residents is found to be lower than what the survey report indicated. (2) Basic public services have a significant positive impact on residents' happiness. (3) Social trust played a moderating role, positively influencing the relationship between basic public services and residents' happiness. (4) The impact of basic public services on happiness varied significantly depending on factors such as age, registered residence, and places of residence. To enhance the happiness of Chinese residents, it is recommended to focus on improving the equalization of basic public services and establishing a robust basic public service system. These measures can effectively contribute to the overall well-being and happiness of the population.

Research on the Family Income Gap in China

This paper will start with an investigation of the current consumption situation (consumption structure) and the consumption concept of college students at Chongqing University, and investigate the family income, the monthly living expenses of students (whether there is a work study program) and the current loan situation of college students. Based on this problem, this study plans to use the questionnaire and literature survey methods to investigate the income gap of the families behind the college students through the consumption survey. Through the investigation and sorting of consumption, we can see the family income reflected thereby, and compare the gap between the rich and the poor reflected from different angles. This paper further considers the current consumption situation of college students and what consequences the income gap has brought or will bring, as well as the reasons affecting the income gap. At this stage, particular attention should be paid to the issue of urban-rural income disparity and inequality. In the context of Chinas dual economy, household income inequality mainly comes from inequality between urban and rural areas. Effectively improving the income level of rural residents and narrowing the urban-rural gap are the main targets for achieving common prosperity. To achieve common prosperity, first, improve the income distribution system and the macro income distribution structure. Second, increase the income of low-income groups and accelerate the formation of an olive-shaped structure. Third, improve the social security system to alleviate the challenge of excessive income disparities among groups. Fourth, promote the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas, and address income inequality. Fifth, increase public investment in human capital and enhance social mobility.

Urban Comprehensive Carrying Capacity and Urbanization in Northeast China

The scientific evaluation and identification of the relationship between urban comprehensive carrying capacity and urbanization in Northeast China, a famous old industrial base, is an important basis for realizing the overall revitalization of the region. Using a panel data set of 34 prefecture-level cities in Northeast China from 2003 to 2019, this study constructs an ordinary panel data model to identify the relationship between urban comprehensive carrying capacity and urbanization. The results show that urbanization has significantly positive effects on urban comprehensive carrying capacity, and there is a significant inverted U-shaped curve relationship between urban comprehensive carrying capacity and comprehensive urbanization in Northeast China, especially in the shrinking cites. In addition, the economic urbanization variables of the fixed-asset investment, the total retail sales of social consumer goods, and the social urbanization variable of internet users play significantly important roles in forming of the inverted U-shaped curve relationship with the urban comprehensive carrying capacity of the shrinking cities in Northeast China. Hence, innovation-driven economic regrowth, promoting equalization of basic public services, alleviating talent outflow, and strengthening the leading roles of the core cities are effective measures for improving urban comprehensive carrying capacity and urbanization quality in Northeast China.

Does urbanization promote the urban–rural equalization of basic public services? Evidence from prefectural cities in China

ABSTRACT The question of how urbanization affects the urban–rural equalization of basic public services (BPS) remains unexplored, although BPS equalization is an important means of achieving common prosperity. Based on the BPS supply and demand perspective, we examine the path mechanisms through which urbanization affects urban–rural BPS equalization. Based on panel data from Chinese prefectural cities from 2003 to 2020, a TOPSIS model, combined CRITIC-entropy weights and an information entropy function, are used to measure the level of urban–rural BPS equalization. Considering the spatial spillover effect of urbanization, a dynamic spatial Durbin model is constructed to empirically examine the impact of urbanization. The study found that, overall, the direct and indirect effects of urbanization on urban–rural BPS equalization are significantly positive, and urbanization is conducive to urban–rural BPS equalization improvement in cities and surrounding areas. The effect of urbanization on urban–rural BPS equalization significantly varies between different regions. The study concludes that the process of people-centred urbanization should be accelerated to optimize the spatial layout of BPS, promote high-quality economic development and achieve common prosperity.

Exploring the development path of equalization of basic public services in Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle

This paper selects the data of each city and district and county in Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle from 2012 to 2020, constructs the index system of equalization of basic public services, and uses the Thiel index to measure the level of basic public services for five primary indicators and several secondary indicators in Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle, and the results show that: (1) The level of equalization of basic public services in Chengdu-chongqing economic circle is in a“Good”stage. (2) The degree of inequality of basic public services of social security, medical and health care, and education and culture in the total region is increasing year by year. (3) The differences in the equalization of basic public services between regions are most prominent in the deepening of the inequality of basic public services in social security and infrastructure year by year. This paper then analyzes the characteristics and causes of the unequalization of basic public services in the Chengdu-Chongqing twin-city economic circle and proposes policy recommendations for the future development path.

The Impact of Health Insurance Policy on the Fertility Intention of Rural Floating Population in China: Empirical Evidence from Cross-Sectional Data.

Declining total fertility rates pose a severe challenge to the economy, society, culture, and politics of any region. Low fertility rates among China's rural floating population with strong fertility are aggravating these challenges. Previous research has confirmed the relationships between health insurance and fertility intention. However, it is still unclear whether the existing association is favorable or not. Moreover, the majority of existing studies in China employ data from either urban or rural populations, whereas evidence from rural floating populations remains scarce. Based on the "China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS)" in 2016, the current study used the logistic regression model to explore the impact of health insurance policy on the fertility intention of the rural floating population in China. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was used to address potential selection bias. Three important findings were observed: Firstly, participating in the Basic Medical Insurance System (BMISUR) significantly improved rural floating populations' fertility intentions in China. Secondly, the association between age and the fertility intention of the floating population was "inverted u-shaped" with the highest fertility intention among those aged 25 to 34. There was also a positive correlation between personal income and fertility intention, and it was found between local housing purchase, formal employment, the co-residents scale, and the fertility intention in the rural floating population in China. Interprovincial mobility was positively associated with the fertility intention among rural migrants. Thirdly, the impact of health insurance policies on the fertility intention of the rural migrant population varies by gender, age, and inflow areas. The aforementioned findings can guide the Chinese government in its efforts to improve the fertility intention of the rural floating population, reform the social security system with a focus on "targets", and implement differentiated welfare policies aimed at promoting the equalization of basic public services, thereby contributing to China's population structure and long-term development.

Research on Multi-Dimensional Influencing Factors Regarding the Perceived Social Integration of New Urban Immigrants: An HLM Analysis Based on Data from 58 Large- and Medium-Sized Cities in China.

Based on the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) data from 2018 and the data from 58 large- and medium-sized cities in China, in this paper a hierarchical linear model was used to investigate the impact of demographic characteristics, social participation, and economic and social development on the perceived social integration of new urban immigrants at the individual and urban levels. The results revealed the following: (1) social participation, gender, age, education, health status, flow time and housing type of new urban immigrants had a significant positive impact on their perceived social integration, while income showed a U-shaped relationship with the sense of urban social integration; (2) macro-urban characteristics regulated the correlation between micro-individual factors and perceived social integration; (3) the significant advantages of new urban immigrants with higher education and more social participation in the process of integration into urban society were more obvious in cities with higher levels of economic development or public services. These findings enriched relevant research on the factors influencing the social integration of new urban immigrants and provided valuable insight with which the government could use to improve urban construction and promote the equalization of basic public services.

KANO Model-Enabled Performance Evaluation of Urban Public Sports Services.

Starting from the goal of overall equalization of basic public services by 2035 as proposed in the report of the 19th Party Congress, firstly the research history of the equalization of public sports services in China is analyzed in stages, and a solid theoretical foundation is laid for the construction of the evaluation index system. Secondly, the performance evaluation system of urban public sports services, which is based on KANO model, is constructed by combining the current development status of public sports services in China. Additionally, fuzzy KANO model is used to analyze and categorize the collected indicators and establish a user-oriented evaluation index system. Finally, an empirical study was conducted on a region using the evaluation system, and the results showed that the degree of equalization of public sports services in the region was achieved to a high degree and was basically close to reaching the target requirement of equalization.

Construction of a Public Service Cloud Platform for Disabled People Based on the Big Data Management Model of the Internet of Things.

With the continuous development of social economy and the continuous improvement of people's ideological level, the state and social people have given more and more care and assistance to the disadvantaged group of disabled persons. The construction of a public service cloud platform for the disabled is one of the important measures to protect the human rights of the disabled and improve the lives of the disabled. According to the statistics of the China Disabled Persons' Federation, since the twentieth century, with the acceleration of the equalization of basic public services and the establishment of urban and rural social security systems, a practical and effective public service system for the disabled has made leaps and bounds. The construction of the cloud platform for public services for the disabled is an important branch of the construction of the public service system for the disabled. However, due to the late development of the construction of the cloud platform for public services for the disabled in China, it is not perfect, and there are still some problems to be solved. This paper mainly studies the public service cloud platform for the disabled based on the big data management model of the Internet of Things. Based on this research theme, this paper conducts a service response efficiency test for the disabled provided by the disabled public service cloud platform based on the big data management model of the Internet of Things. It concluded that the public service cloud platform for the disabled based on the big data management model of the Internet of Things has improved the response efficiency of providing services for the disabled by 57%.

Research on the influence of China's transfer payment system on the equalization of basic public services

Realizing the equalization of basic public services is of great significance for promoting social harmony and narrowing the regional development gap. Since 2006, China has officially proposed "equalization of basic public services" Since then, the gap of basic public service level between the eastern and western regions of China has narrowed year by year, but inequality still exists. Transfer payment system is the most important policy tool to realize the equalization of basic public services in China. This paper uses the variation coefficient method to analyze the internal reason for the narrowing of the gap, that is, the impact of China's transfer payment system on the equalization of basic public services. On this basis, in view of China's national conditions and foreign successful experiences, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to improve the transfer payment system and promote the equalization of basic public services from the aspects of establishing a sound legal system, normalizing the direct fund management mechanism, and clarifying the division of routine powers and responsibilities.

Research on the influence of China's transfer payment system on the equalization of basic public services

Research on the influence of China's transfer payment system on the equalization of basic public services

Problems in Balanced Development of Compulsory Education and Optimization Strategies of Public Policies

The supply of basic public services concerns the survival and development of all citizens. Equally enjoying basic public services is the basic right of them, while promoting the equalization of basic public services is the fundamental responsibility of the government. With the continuous advancement of service-oriented government construction, the equalization of basic public services is increasingly valued. Compulsory education is an important part of the basic education system as well as a basic public service, whose development is not only an important way to realize the equality of education, but also an inherent requirement for the equalization of basic public services. At present, there are still some retarding factors in the development of compulsory education. To this end, it is necessary to optimize public policies to promote the balanced development of compulsory education. In this paper, the optimization path of compulsory education policy will be explored through the analysis of the imbalance phenomenon in the supply of basic public services of compulsory education among regions, urban and rural areas, schools and groups, so as to promote the balanced development of compulsory education.

The Conjunction and Horizon of Common Wealth and Equalization of Basic Public Services in Urban and Rural Areas

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the state and the government have always regarded improving the living standards of the masses as an important goal. Under the background and goal of gradually realizing the common prosperity of all people, improving the level of equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas occupies an important method position, which is directly related to the vision of the people's better life. There is an inherent compatibility between shared prosperity and the alignment of basic public services between urban and rural areas in terms of value, theory, and practice. The value conjunction of shared prosperity and equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas lies in the equal use and equitable distribution of public resources. Alignment of basic public services in urban and rural areas is a basic and specific way of representing common prosperity in rural areas, and an inevitable prerequisite for the sound promotion of common prosperity in the new era. The equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas is the inevitable consequence of common prosperity and it is also a specific practical approach to promoting common prosperity. The value foundation of common prosperity lies in the distribution of wealth by society based on fairness and justice. Common prosperity is universal and comprehensive prosperity, but not simultaneous and average prosperity. The essence of equalization of basic public services between urban and rural areas lies in the fair and equitable distribution of resources for public services, but not in a "one-size-fits-all" or equal distribution. By discussing the logical relationship between the promotion of comprehensive common prosperity and the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas, it will not only help the government to make up for the practical shortcomings in the process of equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas, but also help achieve substantial common prosperity.

Does Urbanization Promote the Urban–Rural Equalization of Basic Public Services? Evidence from Prefectural Cities in China

Does Urbanization Promote the Urban–Rural Equalization of Basic Public Services? Evidence from Prefectural Cities in China

Environmental decentralization, environmental public service, and public health: evidence from 289 cities in China.

Effective supply of environmental public services (EPS) is important to guarantee the mitigation of residential pollution exposure risk. This study analyzes the impact of the supply efficiency of EPS on residential health through the sample of 289 cities in China by fixed-effect model and threshold regression model. The results show that: (1) Improving the efficiency of EPS can significantly increase the efficiency of pollution control, and improve the environmental quality and health level of residents. (2) Improving the efficiency of EPS can have a greater positive effect on residents' health in areas with high-level population aging, poor medical condition, and low population density. (3) Environmental decentralization weakens the positive effect of EPS on residential health. Giving more power of environmental management to local governments may be detrimental to pollution control. Therefore, differentiated strategies of EPS should be developed to realize the equalization of basic public services with healthcare and environmental protection. It is necessary to strengthen central environmental supervision and establish resident offices for environmental supervision.

Research on the Equalization Level of Basic Public Services in Heilongjiang Province

As an important link in the development of urban-rural integration, equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas is the foundation of urban-rural integration and an important aspect of improving the quality of life of urban and rural residents. To understand the level of equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas, it is necessary to reasonably measure the level of equalization of basic public services. This article constructs an evaluation system for the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas from the four dimensions of public education, social security, medical and health, and infrastructure. The entropy method is used to obtain the equalization index of basic public services in Heilongjiang Province. On this basis, a comprehensive analysis of the equalization of basic public services in the integrated development of urban and rural areas is carried out and corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.