Synergic thermal and light responsive self-healing smart coatings: A combination of dynamic transesterification reactions with azobenzene isomerization

Compositional engineering of Sr-substituted perovskite oxygen carriers for selective ethylene production via chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation

Development of self-healing epoxy/COC adhesives for potential use in wind turbine blades

Engineering lewis basic sites in S-scheme heterostructure to boost deep photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxides in air

Deep co-removal of chlorobenzene and Hg0 from flue gas: CaO-SO2 synergy restores catalytic functionality via a poison-against-poison mechanism.

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a leading biobased thermoplastic, but its brittleness limits broader use. Here, we report a one-pot Poly-100 route combining elastomer synthesis, formulation, and reactive extrusion without solvent removal, purification, or waste generation. Hyperbranched soybean-oil-derived elastomers were synthesized by RAFT polymerization directly in epoxidized soybean oil, which serves as monomer precursor, nonvolatile reaction medium, and formulation component. Poly(acrylated epoxidized high-oleic soybean oil) (PAEHOSO) and poly(methacrylated epoxidized high-oleic soybean oil) (PMAEHOSO) were incorporated into PLA, where residual epoxide groups promote in situ grafting and improve interfacial adhesion. PMAEHOSO showed better compatibility, producing finer dispersions and shifting toughening from interfacial cavitation to matrix shear yielding. At 20 wt % loading, it increased elongation at break from 3% to 30% while delivering the highest tensile toughness. This work establishes a scalable pathway for toughened PLA and demonstrates how reaction media can align polymer performance with sustainability goals.

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is a diepoxide product used in the synthesis of epoxy resins. Its genotoxic properties were strongly suggested by its ability to induce mutations and micronuclei, but the exact nature of the underlying DNA damage remains to be established. For this purpose, we first applied cellular tests (the Comet assay and 53BP1 immunostaining) to show that direct induction of strand breaks was not the favored genotoxic pathway for BADGE. Consequently, we investigated the formation of DNA adducts using UHPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis following enzymatic hydrolysis. Analyses using single-stage mass spectrometry, product ion scan, and neutral loss monitoring showed that BADGE readily formed monoadducts with DNA bases. The structural assignments were confirmed by the results of accurate thermal degradation studies, which showed that BADGE reacted with DNA like other aliphatic epoxides. We also obtained unambiguous evidence that the reaction of BADGE with DNA led to the formation of biadducts between nonadjacent bases. This was explained by the transient formation of monoadducts bearing a BADGE moiety with an unreacted epoxide group. A sensitive quantitative UHPLC-MS/MS assay was then developed for the detection of BADGE adducts in cellular DNA. All the adducts identified in isolated DNA were also detected in cellular DNA. The proportions between the monoadducts were similar, but the relative yield of biadducts was lower in cellular than in isolated DNA. A time-course study of the level of adducts in DNA also showed that BADGE adducts were substrates for the cellular repair machinery. The present results definitively show that BADGE is a DNA-damaging chemical. The detected adducts represent novel biomarkers of the genotoxicity of BADGE.

The electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived alcohols offers a green and sustainable route for the preparation of aldehydes, which, however, still faces great challenges such as uncontrollable deep oxidation, preferentially to organic acids, complex and harsh reaction conditions, and the necessitation of high-cost noble-metal-based catalysts. Herein, a Co3+/Co4+-mediated indirect oxidation mechanism has been demonstrated for the controllable and selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes under neutral conditions. As a proof-of-concept, we successfully developed a CeO2/Co3O4/CC catalyst for oxidizing ethylene glycol to glycolaldehyde dimer, which achieves a favorably high Faradaic efficiency of 94.4% and 99.9% selectivity, even standing out from previously reported noble-metal-based catalysts. Detailed mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction is driven by the redox cycling of the Co3+/Co4+ redox couple, and the heterojunction interface between CeO2 and Co3O4 effectively elevates the Co3+ content in the catalyst, thereby effectively facilitating active Co4+ species generation as the rate-determining step and remarkably enhancing the electrocatalytic alcohol oxidation performance. Overall, the proposed reaction mechanism provides novel insights into the selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes under mild conditions and paves the way for the development of a series of non-noble metal electrocatalysts.

This review critically evaluates the recent progress in selectively functionalised graphene and its derivatives for the efficient removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aquatic systems. It begins by outlining the structural, electronic, and surface properties of graphene and its derivatives that underpin their environmental relevance. Functionalisation strategies are categorised into covalent and noncovalent approaches. Covalent modification introduces hydroxyl, epoxy, carboxyl, diazonium, nitrene, and peroxide groups onto the graphene lattice, enabling precise control over surface chemistry and reactivity. Noncovalent functionalisation, based on hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and π-π stacking, preserves the sp2 carbon framework while tailoring their interfacial affinity. Herein authors highlight how engineered surface chemistry enhances PAHs adsorption, a surface-dominated process governed by porosity, surface energy, and specific molecular interactions. Notably, graphene oxide functionalised with 9-aminoanthracene achieved removal efficiencies of 94%, 79%, and 74% for naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and phenanthrene, respectively, with sustained performance over repeated adsorption-desorption cycles. Owing to their hydrophobic and planar structures, PAHs strongly interact with graphene via π-π stacking. As carcinogenic and mutagenic priority pollutants, PAHs present serious environmental risks. The article further integrates the theoretical insights, addresses concerns of secondary contamination, and discusses challenges related to selectivity, regeneration, and long-term stability for sustainable remediation.

In situ fabrication of oxygen-vacancy-rich flower-like cerium-lanthanum oxide/HZSM-5 composites from waste polishing powder for dichloromethane degradation.

Synergistic utilization of steel slag and activated coke for microwave-induced simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification.

The formation of Earth's early continental crust remains debated, with subduction and nonsubduction models offering competing explanations. Although Archean granitoids are known to originate from hydrous and oxidizing magmas, the mechanism for generating such magmas remains unclear. Here, we provide quantitative constraints on magmatic oxygen fugacity (fO2) and water content (H2O) for Paleoarchean granitoids from the East Pilbara Terrane, a key locality for nonsubduction crust formation models. Our data reveal systematic increases in fO2 (from -0.9 to +1.4 log unit relative to the fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer) and H2O (from 3.5 to 9.5 weight %) during 3.5 to 3.2 billion years ago. Thermodynamic-geochemical modeling shows that these magmas formed by water-fluxed melting of progressively enriched and oxidized mafic sources at similar pressures (0.9 to 1.3 gigapascals). Such extensive, secular deep crustal hydration and oxidation cannot be adequately explained by nonsubduction models. Instead, our findings underscore the indispensable role of subduction-driven water recycling in the origin of continental crust.

GPTMS-chitosan-modified dendritic mesoporous silica nanoadjuvants synergistically enhance humoral and cellular immune responses.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are among the most promising carbon nanomaterials available today. However, in their pristine form, SWCNTs tend to aggregate into bundles, and due to their high aspect ratio, these bundles form highly entangled agglomerates. This aggregation significantly hinders their widespread application across various fields. In this work, we present a method for the deep oxidation of SWCNTs, which enables the production of nanotubes with a high content of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups. The introduction of these functional groups facilitates the separation of bundles and the deagglomeration of SWCNTs down to individual tubes, all while preserving the original tubular morphology and preventing their transformation into nanoribbons. Moreover, in addition to addressing the challenge of SWCNT agglomeration, we propose the concept of creating a chemical platform based on deeply oxidized SWCNTs for the synthesis of a new class of compounds - directly functionalized SWCNTs bearing various organic groups. This approach paves the way for the development of a wide array of previously unknown functional materials with significant potential for use in diverse devices, ranging from electrochemical energy storage systems and supercapacitors to organic solar cells, spintronic devices, and gas sensing and biosensing systems, including electronic nose technologies.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) detection is crucial for the early screening and treatment monitoring of infantile hemangioma. Herein, a nanoconfinement catalysis-enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor was fabricated for the sensitive detection of MMP-9. Co3O4 nanoparticles were electrochemically deposited onto an ordered silica nanochannel film (SNF), which not only exhibited electrocatalytic oxidation activity toward luminol and H2O2 but also possessed peroxidase (POD)-like activity. The synergistic effect between Co3O4 and the confinement effect of SNF remarkably amplified ECL from the luminol-H2O2 system. After functionalizing the electrode surface with epoxy groups, MMP-9 aptamers were covalently immobilized to construct the aptasensor. ECL signal quenching, attributable to the spatial hindrance and elevated interfacial resistance following the specific MMP-9/aptamer binding, served as the basis for the quantitative detection of MMP-9. The sensor displayed a wide linear response range (0.001 to 100 ng mL-1), a low detection limit of 0.1 pg mL-1, and high selectivity, reproducibility, and stability.

ABSTRACT The substantial accumulation of oxidized coal in goaf areas poses significant coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) risks, threatening coal mine safety and ecological preservation. To systematically investigate the influence of pre-oxidation temperature (POT) on the oxidation characteristics and CSC limit parameters of non-caking coal, temperature-programmed experiments were conducted under varying pre-oxidation conditions. The evolution of CO emissions and oxygen consumption behavior was analyzed, three oxidation stages were delineated, and key oxidation kinetic parameters alongside CSC limit parameters were determined. The experimental results revealed that in the slow and rapid oxidation stages, oxidized coal samples exhibit higher oxygen consumption rates and heat release intensities than raw coal, with these values decreasing as POT increases, while in the deep oxidation stage, coal samples with high pre-oxidation degrees (YH160, YH200) show significantly greater reactivity than other samples. Apparent activation energy displays distinct stage-dependent responses to POT: it decreases with increasing POT in the slow oxidation stage, increases with rising POT in the rapid oxidation stage, and first decreases then increases as POT increases in the deep oxidation stage. This also confirmed that the “promotion-inhibition-promotion” dual effect of POT on the secondary oxidation of coal. Additionally, POT exerts a non-negligible influence on spontaneous combustion limit parameters. As POT increased, the lower limit of coal thickness(hmin) and the lower limit of oxygen concentration (cm) decreased, whereas the upper limit of air leakage intensity (Qmax) increased, collectively amplifying combustion risks of spontaneous. The research findings can provide a theoretical reference for the prediction of re-ignition in coal mine goafs and the development of fire prevention and extinguishing technologies.

Glass fiber-reinforced composites (GFRC) are widely used in structural applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent fatigue resistance. Nevertheless, the mechanical integrity of adhesive joints remains a critical challenge in composite structural engineering. This study aims to investigate the influence of varying epoxy resin mixing ratios on the lap shear strength of glass fiber-reinforced composite joints. Two experimental schemes were conducted by varying the resin-to-hardener composition in the range of 10:50 to 70:50 (by weight). Single-lap joint specimens were fabricated and tested in accordance with ASTM D5868-95. The results demonstrated that a resin-to-hardener ratio of 50:50 yielded the maximum lap shear strength, reaching 5.71 MPa for resin system A and 5.28 MPa for resin system B. This ratio indicated a stoichiometric balance between epoxy groups and active amine groups, resulting in optimal curing with maximum cross-linking density. Deviations from this optimal ratio, either due to excess or deficiency of one component, led to a significant reduction in joint strength, as indicated by brittle fracture or weak adhesive bonding. These findings highlight the importance of precise control over epoxy adhesive formulations to ensure reliable mechanical performance in composite structures. The implications of this research contribute to the development of more durable and efficient adhesive systems, particularly for GFRC applications in the automotive, aerospace, and marine industries.

To address the inadequate intrinsic strength and weak interfacial bonding of biomass-based adhesives while overcoming the environmental and health concerns associated with formaldehyde emissions from traditional petroleum-based wood adhesives, this study developed a high-performance adhesive system through crosslinking network design and interface engineering. Amino-functionalized polyvinyl alcohol (A-PVA) was prepared by modifying polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). A-PVA was then crosslinked with diacetyl cellulose (DAC) via the Schiff base reaction to produce a cellulose-based liquid adhesive (A-PVA-DAC). Meanwhile, an adhesive film was obtained using the flow-coating method, which was also suitable for wood bonding. The wood surface with epoxy groups was treated by γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560), and interacted with the adhesive with amino groups under hot-pressing to enhance the interfacial adhesion via covalent bonds. The liquid adhesive prepared with an A-PVA to DAC mass ratio of 1:1 exhibited optimal performance. Under hot-pressing conditions at 140 °C, plywood specimens using epoxy-functionalized wood surfaces (EWS) as the substrate achieved a specimen retention rate of 91.67% after boiling water treatment, with a bond strength of 1.18 MPa, which is 197% that of plywood prepared using natural wood surface (NWS). The plywood manufactured using adhesive films exhibited dry strength, cold water strength, and hot water strength of 1.58 MPa, 1.10 MPa, and 0.92 MPa, respectively. Although the bonding strength of plywood using adhesive films was lower than that of plywood using liquid adhesives, adhesive films offer greater convenience in storage and transportation. This work provides novel insights into enhancing the performance of biomass adhesives and developing novel resin adhesive films through the design of crosslinked networks and interfacial engineering regulation. • The cellulose-based adhesive and adhesive film for wood bonding were prepared. • The interface engineering strategy increased the adhesive’s dry strength by 44.19%. • Plywood’s strength reached 0.71 MPa after soaking in water for 72 h and redried. • A type of plywood suitable for use in humid environments was prepared. • The present work provides ideas for developing novel resin adhesive films.

Flexibility-tunable polymeric ionic liquids mediated interface modification of ZIF-67/MWCNTs: triple interfacial mechanisms for selective caffeic acid electrochemical sensing.

Division of labor in a synthetic consortium enables high-efficiency waxy oil biodegradation: Interfacial access provided by Bacillus unlocks deep degradation by Pseudomonas.