Episcopal Administration Research Articles

Big administration reforms against Catholic reformist traditions: fusion of state and church mid-level school administrations in early nineteenth-century Prussian Silesia

ABSTRACT In what are often described as modern Western school systems, the supervision of elementary schools generally shifted from the hands of clerical administrators to genuine state officials during the nineteenth century. The Prussian state, like other predominantly Protestant states, relied on clerical personnel and church supervision structures to establish its school supervision administration. Yet, this was also true for the more Catholic parts of the Prussian monarchy, where integration of church structures into state administration caused friction between state and church authorities. Hence, this contribution focuses on appointments of school inspectors in early nineteenth-century Prussian Silesia, when friction arose between the state and the prince-bishop concerning appointment rights. These frictions are reflected in the process of newly introduced mid-level state school administrations taking over episcopal appointment rights, which has been described as a nationalisation or secularisation of Silesian school administration. The article proposes a more nuanced approach to the restructuring of Silesian school administration, driven by consecutive administration reforms resulting in a fusion of church and state administration, rather than a traditional secularisation narrative. It traces the subtle ties between the Prussian state, episcopal administration, and clerical inspection personnel that led to the gradual assertion of state over ecclesiastical structures.

‘Decisions, Decisions!’ The Cromwellian clergy navigate the restoration of the church, c.1660–1663

ABSTRACT Much attention has been paid to the ‘puritan’ clergy who refused to conform to the Act of Uniformity in 1662 but far less has been focused on those ministers of the revolution who chose to remain within what became the Anglican church, accepting the re-imposition of an episcopal administration and mandatory use of the Book of Common Prayer. This essay aims to stimulate greater interest in these men, arguing that despite the assumption that most of the ‘revolutionary’ clergy left the church in 1662, in fact three quarters of them chose to remain. It discusses possible factors for this statistic and compares the career paths that resulted from conformity in two English counties, highlighting some of the problems of researching the ministry in this period. It concludes with an examination of clerical decision-making in 1662, seen primarily through the eyes, and records, of the Somerset minister, John Chetwynd.

«Como se na terra não ouvera Igreja, nem Prelado»: administração episcopal, capitanias e Inquisição nas fortalezas portuguesas do Magrebe (1541-1769)

This study aims to understand the dynamics of the diocesan Church’s activities in the unique context of the Portuguese fortresses in North Africa, particularly in Ceuta, Tangier, Mazagan and Asilah between 1541 and 1769, through a comprehensive approach based on royal, ecclesiastical and inquisitorial sources. It will seek to analyze the impact of the known restrictions inherent to these spaces on the organization and performance of episcopal administration and justice, but also focusing on the relations between the secular clergy and other powers, such as the Crown, captaincies, the Inquisition and Religious Orders.

MUKACHEVO CATHEDRAL CAPITULA (1919 – 1938): ADMINISTRATIVE, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS

The Capitula was an auxiliary body in the Episcopal administration, and consists of 7 canonries. In the Czechoslovak state during the interwar period, a number of canonries were fixed. Canonries received titles and held diocesan positions, performed a large amount of work in the administration of the Mukachevo Diocese. At the same time, secular authorities, both in the days of the Austro-Hungarian authorities and in the times of the Czechoslovak Republic, were directly involved in the approval of canonries proposed by bishop. In Czechoslovakia, the government probed mainly the political loyalty of the aspirants to this high post. It is probable that the authorities didn't have a particular influence on the activities of the canonries, but the fact of its approval confirms the attempt to control church affairs, as in the time of the Habsburg monarchy. But in the same time, it isn't known of any case in the documents when the authorities rejected the proposed candidates. The Kapitula is a collegial clergy body that helps the bishop manage the diocese. Traditionally, churches of the Eastern rite didn’t have Capitulas; instead, there were cathedrals. However, as a result of the Tereso-Josephine reforms on the equalization of all denominations, at the initiative of the Roman throne in 1776, in the days of Bishop Andrei Bachynsky, capitula was created under the Mukachevo Greek Catholic Diocese. Since that time, there have been 7 canonries. The Austrian emperor had the right to appoint canonries for life. In Czechoslovakia, the canonries were approved by the government, but the bishop made a submission in advance. According to tradition, each canon occupied a position in the diocesan administration: Vicar General, Auditor General, Cathedral Archdeacon, Vicar of Kosice, Rector of the Theological Seminary, dean of the Cathedral and Inspector of Church Schools.

Monastic Preaching to the Laity in Thirteenth-Century England

ABSTRACTThe accepted narrative concerning monastic preaching to the English laity suggests that it happened occasionally in the twelfth century and then disappeared until the fourteenth century when monks and canons regular, belatedly following the friars’ example, began to preach again. This paper calls that narrative into question. Records of episcopal administration and surviving sermon books of monastic provenance, including manuscripts from Worcester and Durham cathedrals, provide evidence for pastoral care of the laity and popular preaching by cloistered religious in thirteenth-century England. This would indicate that some monks and canons were contributors and not mere bystanders to the pastoral revolution that shaped later medieval lay religion. In addition to providing evidence, the article points towards previously neglected sources where more is likely to be found.

Влияние городского права Германии на регулирование торговых отношений в Великом Новгороде в XII–XVII вв.

The article examines the nature of the influence of Germany’s urban law on Novgorod’s schras and the development of trade relations between Velikiy Novgorod and the Hanseatic League. The history of the formation of the municipal law of Germany and its variants — the system of law of the cities of Magdeburg and Lübeck — is covered. The foundation of the law of Lübeck, Magdeburg and other cities was the norms on the basis of which relations were built with the emperor or the episcopal administration, therefore the city’s charters of Germany have a number of coincidences. Some legal provisions borrowed from the city charters, as well as the rights of Lübeck and Magdeburg, will subsequently be included in the texts of Novgorod’s trade agreements and Novgorod hiding after the organization of trade representations (courtyards, factories) of the Hansa. Novgorod’s schras — multidimensional collections containing provisions on the organization of the court, the rules of trade, as well as the rules of criminal law and process. The texts of the laws have come down to our time in seven editions. The basis for all subsequent versions of the collections was the text of the secret of the second half of the XII century. Organized nature, benefits, rights and economic interests allowed German merchants to gain advantages in trade and to exist in Novgorod as a corporation for several centuries. Structural changes in the trade relations of Novgorod and the cities of the Hanseatic League led to important changes in law, especially civil and commercial, most related to the economy. Economic interaction initiated the process of legal integration between Russia and the West, stimulated the rapprochement and mutual influence of Russian and European legal institutions, gave rise to new forms of law that are acceptable for today.

Biskupa warmińskiego Jana Stefana Wydżgi zwierzenia w listach do kanonika warmińskiego Zachariasza Jana Szolca

Jan Stefan Wydżga (c. 1610–1685) maintained close contacts with Zachariasz Janusz Szolc, a Warmian canon with whom he was linked not only by his affinity but also by many years of cooperation and friendship. Traces of the affinity between the two dignitaries can be found in correspondence housed in the Archives of the Archdiocese of Warmia in Olsztyn, in which Wydżga describes his everyday problems with episcopal adminis�tration, his health, and experiences associated with political activity. From this correspondence we learn about the many interesting matters of the Sejm at the time, the relationship between the monarchy and Bishop Wydżga, the possibilities of travelling during the period of his function (he held the office of bishop in 1659–1679) and the culinary preferences of the time.

Peace and Purges : Episcopal Administration of Religious Communities and the Contested See of Reims (c. 931-953)

From 931 until 961, two claimants, each with their own powerful allies, contested the archiepiscopal see of Reims. This prolonged and often violent conflict was rooted in the secular competition be...

Bishops, Clerks, and Diocesan Governance in Thirteenth-Century England: Reward and Punishment. By Michael Burger. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. xvi + 313 pp. $99.00 cloth.

(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)Bishops, Clerks, and Diocesan Governance in Thirteenth-Century England: Reward and Punishment . By Michael Burger . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 2012. xvi + 313 pp. $99.00 cloth.Book Reviews and NotesMichael Burger introduces his study of the medieval English church's episcopal administration by warning his readers to prepare some unavoidably piling up of detail (7). Indeed, his volume does describe so many trees that it can be a challenge to keep the forest in mind. But this piling, if unpleasant for some readers, is a virtue of the book. Burger's twenty-six pages of Sources Cited document a valiant attempt to track down every shred of primary and secondary material bearing on his subject.Burger's proposal is that England's bishops used carrots more than sticks to manage their clerks. The award of a benefice was a major carrot but (to mix metaphors) also a two-edged sword. Once given, its tenure was for the lifetime of its recipient. The secure income it guaranteed gave a clerk considerable independence of his bishop. In this a benefice was much like a fief, and Burger explores the extent to which ecclesiastical and secular administrators evolved similar strategies. Both benefices and fiefs were endowments intended to support servants, but the difficulty of revoking them lessened the threat of eviction that would have been useful for disciplining subordinates. Bishops had the added problem that too openly treating a benefice a payment for service might lead to a charge of simony. As the medieval era evolved, secular administrators looked for other ways to support their servants without permanently endowing them with the resources that generated their incomes. This led to what some scholars have (somewhat crudely) termed feudalism. Burger concludes his introduction by summarizing the topic of his book as an examination of bastard feudalism . . . episcopal style (11).Burger analyzes episcopal administration from the sometimes symbiotic and sometimes confrontational perspectives of both bishops and their clerks. Benefices were the episcopal carrots most desired by clerks, but carrots were not all on one side and sticks on the other. Bishops needed to attract educated men equipped to offer the carrot of loyal service. Because service could be onerous and even physically dangerous, the temptation to disobey might be strong. As noted above, a clerk's secure tenure potentially weakened his superior's ability to wield the stick of a threat of dismissal, but Burger points out that the tradition protecting occupants' rights to their benefices was supported by ecclesiastical administrators at all levels. Holding benefices of their own, they were wary of challenges to tenure that might backfire. The Church's elaborate system of courts of appeal (rising ultimately to Rome) offered sticks with which a clerk could threaten a bishop who attempted to evict him. Both bishops and clerks also devised strategies to game the system, and each found ways to manipulate the other with rewards or punishments. …

Anselm of Lucca as a Canonist by Szabolcs Anzelm Szuromi

council and an enduring monument to the passionate desire of one dedicated scholar to share with others his encyclopedic knowledge of the most important event in the history of the Catholic Church in the twentieth century. Thomas J. Shelley Fordham University Bronx, NY ANSELM OF LUCCAASA CANONIST by SzabolcsAnzelm Szuromi (Adnotationes in Ius Canonicum 34). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Europäischer Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2006. Pp. X–189. English speakers will be much obliged to the author, who holds a chair at the Postgraduate Institute of Canon Law at Pázmány Catholic University in Budapest, for taking the trouble to publish his studies of the canonical collection of Anselm of Lucca in English, although the meaning of the English phrases is not always easy to decipher. These difficulties are mitigated by very extensive citations from Latin sources, usually taken from published texts such as Friedberg’s edition of the Decretum of Gratian or John Gilchrist’s edition of the Collection in Seventy-Four Titles . Szuromi’s highly technical and statistically oriented work—going back to 1999—is here presented under eleven topics (1–129) and supported by seven appendices (131–172), brief indices and a bibliography that is regrettably brief.1 The most general chapter of the book, with the promising title “Work in Progress”—the transformation of the cathedral schools into the university faculties of canon law at the end of the eleventh century—opens the book (1–10). The chapter reviews the usefulness and uses of some of the best known canonical collections from the period of the Gregorian reform as well as the intentions of their authors. The brief discussion is acbook reviews 237 1 Two absolutely essential reference works for pre-Gratian canon law unfortunately appeared too late to be included: Canonical Collections of the Early Middle Ages (ca. 400–1140) by Lotte Kéry. Washington D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 1999 and Clavis Canonum: Selected Canon Law Collections Before 1140 (Access with data processing) (MGH Hilfsmittel 21). Hahnsche Buchhandlung: Hannover 2005. 238 the jurist companied by extensive citations of sources. It leaves the reader with a sense of disappointment, however. Nobody could expect a discussion of the evolution of the universities in such a brief general chapter, but there is no explanation how the eleventh century materials benefited the nascent universities of the later twelfth century. The title “Work in Progress” suggests that this is possibly a topic the author intends to pursue in additional studies. The following chapters (two to eleven) touch on a variety of subjects that either pertain to the collectio canonum of Anselm of Lucca (+1086) and its different manuscripts, or address issues that might be considered related to this collection, e.g., chapter 5: “Ecclesiological and theoretical background of the Gregorian reform concept from the Decretales Pseudo-Isidorianae,” or chapter 7: “The Gregorian understanding of bishops in the Collectio in LXXIV titulos digesta and in the Collectio Canonum Anselmi Lucensis.” The latter essay has been published once before in the Proceedings of the Eleventh International Congress of Medieval Canon Law held in 2000 at Catania.2 The other chapters are devoted to some of the manuscripts of the different classes of Anselm codices, the evolution of the differences among them leading to five recensions, and to some of the sources used by Anselm, including papal decretals, patristic material, and Roman law. Theauthorreliedbasicallyonthegenerallyacceptedclassificationsdeveloped by Paul Fournier and Peter Landau, but without differentiating betweentherecensionsAandA1 [alsocalledA1]orBandBb.Heattempts to link this evolution of the collection to teaching activities at cathedral schools, specifically the cathedral of Lucca. At the same time he shows how certain versions ofAnselm, i.e., the unnamed recensionA1, incorporated contemporary papal decretals and conciliar canons in a “second phase” of development because they were “used on a day to day basis” (45), i.e., for episcopal administration of a diocese. In this reviewer’s opinion the same reasoning has to be applied to the “old” texts, however difficult this may appear given the antiquity of some of the texts. Every author is confronted by the quandary of whether to paraphrase or quote earlier scholars or rather to be intent on avoiding duplication. The latter procedure...

William Bernard Ullathorne: A Different Kind of Monk by Judith Champ

87 BOOK REVIEWS William Bernard Ullathorne: A Different Kind of Monk. By Judith Champ. Leominster, England: Gracewing, 2006. Pages: vii + 538. Cloth, £20.00, ISBN 0–85244–654–3. A couple of descriptive terms come to mind when one reads Judith Champ’s William Bernard Ullathorne: A Different Kind of Monk: either a handbook or compendium of English Catholic life in the nineteenth century. Perhaps an image would be even more apt: an opera. The opera being sung is English Catholic life in all its nineteenth-century moods,with an overture that situates the protagonist of the opera in Australia as a pioneer in the development of Catholicism on that continent, but more importantly as having experiences that will be of utmost value back in England. As Champ lays out the life of Ullathorne (1806–1889), the first Bishop of Birmingham, England, the reader encounters a multiple dimensional figure, whose influence on the development of Roman Catholicism in nineteenth-century England is often overlooked because too little known. He is unnecessarily hidden in the shadows of Newman, Manning, and Wiseman—all of whom enjoyed great prominence, for better or worse, during the century that saw the penal laws abolished, emancipation legislated, and the re-establishment of an ecclesial hierarchy played out. Ullathorne was a Benedictine monk of Downside Abbey,who as a boy spent time on the open seas,which prepared him for the hardships and discipline of not only his long journey to Australia where he spent a number of years as a missioner and was prominent in setting up the Roman Catholic Church there, but also as a powerhouse for the shock to the English nation of the return of Roman Catholicism, banned or gone“underground”since the sixteenth century. He played a major role on a number of different fronts, including the re-establishment of a hierarchy to govern the reemerging institution;the growth of the Catholic school system;the establishment and building up of a seminary system to which he devoted much of his energy; the defense of the church against biased attacks by uncomprehending politicians; the theological controversies of the time; Vatican I at which he desired a definition of Papal Infallibility—but a moderate one, not the extreme definition that Manning and others were proposing; an activist for social change, for example, the need to reach out to alcoholics, and the re-founding of religious life, especially among women’s congregations, for whom he had the greatest love and respect, and with whom he worked for the advancement of education,and charity to the poor. Some of his most important and closest friends were the foundresses of several of these congregations. He often enjoyed relaxation away from the heavy burdens of episcopal administration in the company of the sisters. It is in his correspondence—particularly with religious women—that he revealed his inner life and thoughts. One of Newman’s most revealing lines in his own correspondence is his belief that it is in a person’s letters that we come to BOOK REVIEWS NEWMAN STUDIES JOURNAL 88 understand who a person really is and especially how that person develops his or her ideas.1 On the outside as bishop—a role which he accepted reluctantly but to which he gave himself unstintingly—he was caricatured as “the blunt, outspoken, snufftaking Yorkshireman, who dropped his h’s and stood firmly on a rather rigid set of self-imposed principles” (508); there is no doubt he was and needed to be a tough bird. However, he was a consummately pastoral bishop, who was on top of things and called for proper order in the life of his diocese. He responded to some situations not only by doing, but also by writing books, that demonstrated his knowledge and respect of the Church Fathers. He was a man of action but also a man of prayer, and advised others on the importance of prayer. The Benedictine life as ruled by Benedict himself combined the missionary and the contemplative; Ullathorne deeply involved himself in both. As one would expect, Ullathorne interrelated with—either in person or in writing to or about—many of the famous of the time...

Plagues, Priests, and Demons: Sacred Narratives and the Rise of Christianity in the Old World and the New by Daniel T. Reff (review)

REVIEWS 292 ops straddled the line between their social class and position, represented by pragmatic authority, and their pastoral activities, represented by ascetic authority . Yet at times, the narrative becomes disjointed, especially when moving from subject to subject in the laundry list of episcopal responsibilities, and some questions which are raised, namely about the intersection of these two versions of authority, never seem to be fully explained. This may be a symptom of the expansiveness of the topic and the sheer volume which makes simple definitions impossible. This is a very small critique of a work which was both expertly perceived and well executed. In many ways, Holy Bishops is most important as it successfully overturns a number of generally accepted fallacies, namely, that the ascetic movement and episcopal administration were at odds with one another, when it is clear from the evidence that not only did holy men take up episcopal positions, but bishops were themselves expected to be, and could derive authority from, the holiness of their own lives, while they themselves were responsible for a growing number of tasks, both spiritual and administrative. While the exact position of bishops with respect to ascetic practice or pragmatic power can not be universally determined, we are left with an understanding that in late antiquity bishops were not compartmentalized in their political, ecclesiastical, or spiritual spheres, but relied on all three to navigate in a world wrought with change and transformation. Holy Bishops not only provides a detailed study of bishops and their role in their society, but also redefines how one should understand leadership and power in this world, and how it may have been perceived by those who inhabited it. EDWARD MCCORMICK SCHOOLMAN, History, UCLA Daniel T. Reff, Plagues, Priests, and Demons: Sacred Narratives and the Rise of Christianity in the Old World and the New (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2005) xiii + 290 pp., 17 figs. This book offers a fresh interpretation of the rise of Christianity in both late antique Europe and colonial Mexico. While drawing on much of the same information presented in his Disease, Depopulation, and Culture Change in Northwestern New Spain, 1518–1764, which charts the demographic and cultural consequences of Spanish-introduced infectious diseases in northwest Mexico beginning in the sixteenth century, this “comparative, interdisciplinary study” examines the rise of Christianity in both the late Roman Empire and colonial Mexico. By drawing these parallels, Reff argues that epidemics, which devastated both areas, contributed to pagan and native interest in Christianity, since early Christian and Jesuit missionaries provided charity, prayer, a new worldview, and healing rituals that appealed to people in these times of chaos. Written in a clear, engaging prose style, Reff draws on sources and ideas from anthropology, literary theory, history, religious studies, and medicine. His evidence includes a large body of primary sources (early Christian and seventeenth -century Jesuit texts), ranging from hagiography to first-hand observations by the missionaries. The book is organized into four chapters and a conclusion. Reff divides each chapter into multiple sub-headings and sub-sections, which convey to readers the main point(s) presented in each chapter; at times, however, this structure REVIEWS 293 interrupts the flow of the chapter. The conclusions at the end of each chapter provide a brief and helpful recapitulation of the main themes and ideas discussed . In addition, extensive footnotes supplement his text, and display the vast amount of information Reff has synthesized. His introduction presents a detailed overview of his methodology, goals, and arguments to be implemented and discussed in later chapters. And he addresses the theories he draws on, those of Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Clifford Geertz, and James Clifford. Using anthropologist Edward M. Bruner’s “constructivist” approach, Reff “sees all culture as continually invented and reinvented.”11 Another motif that is constantly evoked is Barthes’s notion of punctum,12 “unplanned narrative details that reflect an irreducible reality obscured by an author ’s understanding of what is important” (239), which Reff searches for in early Christian and Jesuit texts. In other words, disease and epidemics are puncta, as early Christian and Jesuit authors were not directly concerned with outlining the effects of these biological disasters...

Historia de las Diocesis Espanolas. Volume 14: Iglesias de Santiago de Compostela y Tuy-Vigo, and: Volume 15: Iglesias de Lugo, Mondonedo-Ferrol y Orense (review)

Reviewed by: Historia de las Diócesis Españolas . Volume 14: Iglesias de Santiago de Compostela y Tuy-Vigo, and Volume 15: Iglesias de Lugo, Mondoñedo-Ferrol y Orense Allyson M. Poska Historia de las Diócesis Españolas. Volume 14: Iglesias de Santiago de Compostela y Tuy-Vigo, and Volume 15: Iglesias de Lugo, Mondoñedo-Ferrol y Orense. Edited by José García Oro . ( Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos. 2002. Pp. xviii, 747; xxiv, 711. €35.38; €33.85.) José García Oro has brought together some of the best regional scholars for his histories of the five dioceses of Galicia in northwestern Spain. These two volumes are part of a massive project to write modern histories of all the Spanish dioceses known as Flórez 2000. The editors at the Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos conceived of the twenty-five volume collection as a modern complement to Enrique Flórez's monumental compendium España Sagrada, compiled in the eighteenth century. Volume 14 deals with the coastal dioceses of Galicia, Tuy-Vigo, and Santiago de Compostela, and Volume 15 is dedicated to the interior dioceses. Certainly, Santiago de Compostela, the site of the tomb of Saint James, one of the most important pilgrimage destinations in Christendom, is familiar to scholars, but few outside of Spain know much about the densely populated, but very rural dioceses that surround it. These two volumes will certainly help remedy that lacuna. García Oro clearly attempted to provide continuity both within volumes and between volumes. Specialists explore one segment of Galician church history, usually early medieval, late medieval/early modern, and modern, and each essay is subdivided into numerous sections. Most include separate discussions of regular clergy, episcopal administration, individual bishops, and the laity. [End Page 345] The quality of the essays varies considerably, and some sections of the essays are more substantial than others. Some sections are merely encyclopedic discussions of bishops and councils, while others provide more historical context and analysis. These texts are not for beginners. The reader must have some background in Galician history to make sense of the information provided in most of the essays. The authors rarely place the Galician Church into the broader context of either Spanish or church history. The strongest sections are on the medieval period, revealing the sophistication of the scholarship on that period. In addition, in Volume 14, Baudilio Barreiro Mallón provides an excellent examination of the diocese of Santiago from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries, and volume 15 includes an interesting overview of religious art in the interior dioceses by María Dolores Fraga Sampedro. Fraga Sampedro reaches back to the fourth century to highlight interior Galicia's most important examples of Christian art and architecture. Probably the most useful information in both volumes comes from the statistical data compiled and/or reprinted in many of the essays and the bibliographic essays that accompany each section. Without a doubt, the weakest essays, or parts of essays, are on the Church in the twentieth century. Those sections tend to be the most encyclopedic—full of data, but lacking in context and analysis. In many ways, these two volumes are truly the successors to Flórez's España Sagrada. Flórez too had an overwhelming amount of information at hand and his tomes also vary considerably in both content and quality. Nevertheless, España Sagrada remains an essential reference for scholars. Overall, these volumes will be good references for scholars of the region and for scholars who wish to have some basic information about the Church in northwestern Spain within arm's reach. Allyson M. Poska University of Mary Washington Copyright © 2005 The Catholic University of America Press

Ecclesiastical Lordship and the Politics of Submitting Tithes in Medieval Germany: The Thuringian Dispute in Social Context

“Ecclesiastical Lordship and the Politics of Submitting Tithes in Medieval Germany: The Thuringian Tithe Dispute in Social Context.” The ecclesiastical tithe in the Middle Ages was an important source of income for the church, but could serve in certain contexts as a profound symbol of episcopal power. In the mid-eleventh century, a number of German bishops began to reassemble their rights to ecclesiastical tithes which had previously been in the possession of monasteries or laymen. While this trend has been cast traditionally as part of the broader church reform movement of the eleventh century—an attempt to bring episcopal administration into line with canonical norms—it can be better understood as a strategy that responded to new political conditions in the Salian period. By examining a famous dispute between Archbishop Siegfried of Mainz (1060–1088) and the monasteries of Hersfeld and Fulda, the author shows how Siegfried’s extended campaign to recoup tithes from the monasteries and laymen in Thuringi...

Killaloe: a pre-Norman borough?

Post-Norman records indicate that Killaloe was an early borough. It probably predated the Normans. Here the early history of the related and adjacent sites, Killaloe (Cell Da Lua) and Kincora (Ceann Coradh), is traced. The one was a monastic site and later cathedral, the other a royal centre of the Uí Briain kings of Ireland—a unique combination outside the Scandinavian towns of Ireland. This settlement had urban functions, was a centre of royal and episcopal administration, and had a Hiberno-Scandinavian community.

Officiales and the familiae of the bishops of Lincoln, 1258–1299

The administrative and judicial explosion of the high and late Middle Ages saw the diocesan officialis among others, leave his bishop's household. This essay examines Lincoln, a well documented diocese, in order to clarify the chronology of this development, which remains unclear in the literature. The witness lists to episcopal acta both in the names they contain and in their internal arrangement, the pattern of correspondence between bishop and officialis and a comparison of the itineraries of one bishop and his officialis show that officiales had left their master's familiae by the second half of the thirteenth century. This conclusion, and some comparative evidence, allows some remarks regarding the use of figurative language in episcopal administration and the ties which bound bishop and officialis. ∗

The Date of Composition of Bishops' Registers from the Plague Years in the Diocese of Barcelona

The material presented below grew out of a study of episcopal administration in the diocese of Barcelona in the mid-fourteenth century. Among the bishops' registers which were analysed for the study, three proved especially important: two from the communia, or general, series, Notule communium 15 and 16 (NC 15 and NC 16); and one from the collations series, Registrum collationum 9 (CO 9), covering the years 1345–51. The registers record both a period – 1345–8 – of presumably normal diocesan administration, and the plague period – the so-called Black Death struck Barcelona in spring 1348. The communia and collations series were selected both because they provided information about general diocesan administration and because the two series were conflated beginning with NC 15 in 1348, and remained separate until 1361.

Summaries of Theses

Abstract 262. The Episcopal Administration of Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1559-75. 263. Horatio Nelson lay, his role in British Relations with china 1849-65. By J. J Gerson, Ph.D.

The Re-Establishment of the Church of England, 1660–1663

After a period of comparative neglect, the ecclesiastical history of the Restoration has recently again attracted the attention of historians. Dr.Bosher's Making of the Restoration Settlement has luminously exposed the politics by which the Church of England recaptured the establishment, and Mr. A. G. Matthews, by tracing the biographies of the Anglicans displaced during the Interregnum and the Non-Anglicans ejected after the king's return, has shown how changes in doctrine and discipline affected the ministry during these years. Here an attempt will be made to discuss another aspect of the re-establishment: its administrative reconstruction. Dr.Bosher has shown how the exigencies of politics led to the piecemeal restoration of Anglicanism, instead of the immediate ecclesiastical revolution which, from a legal point of view, could have been attempted. That the traditional episcopal administration was thereby eventually reconstructed is of course well known, but it seems worth asking what light the administrative records of certain dioceses can throw not only on the details of how this took place, but also on the structure and character of the revived system.

Reviews

Historical Foundations of Modern Education. By E. H. Reisner An Introduction to Political Science. By E. F. Bowman The Culture of Ancient Greece and Rome. Translated from the second German edition of F. Poland, E. Reisinger, and R. Wagner by J. H. Freese La conquěte romaine. Par A. Piganiol Hellenistic Civilisation. By W. W. Tarn Christianity in the Roman World: its Rise and Progress to the Fall of the Western Empire. By Duncan Armytage The Life of St. Gall. BY Maud Joynt The Abbey of St. Gall as a Centre of Literature and Art. By J. M. Clark Étude sur l'Influence musicale del'Abbaye de Saint‐Gall (viii e au xiesiécle). (Université de Louvain: Recueil de Travaux publiés par les membres des conférences d'histoire et de philologie, 2me série, 6me fascicule.) Par Dom Rombaut van Doren, O.S.B. Johannis Saresberiensis Historiae Pontificalis quae supersunt. Edited by R. L. Poole Calendar of Fine Rolls, Richard II: Vol. IX, 1377–83 Calendar of Close Rolls, Richard II: Vol. VI, 1396–9 Life and Work in Modern Europe. By G. Renard and G. Weulersse Les Origines du Capitalisme moderne. Par Henri Sée Calendar of the Charter Rolls preserved in the Public Record Office. Volume VI: 5 Henry VI–8 Henry VIII (1427–1516) A Political and Social History of England. By F. C. Dietz A History for British Schools. By D. C. Somervell European History, 1515–98. By F. C. Happold. Ibid., 1598–1715. By A. D. Innes. British History, 1509–63. By G. B. Smite. Ibid., 1547–1603. By W. J. Blake. Ibid., 1603–60. By G. B. Smith. Ibid., 1660–1714. By N. P. Birley. “Special Periods of History” series. The English‐speaking Nations: a study in the development of the Commonwealth ideal. By G. W. Morris and L. S. Wood Human Environment and Progress: the outline of World Historical Geography. By W. R. Kermack Politics and Religion in Sixteenth‐century France. By F. C. Palm Elizabethan Episcopal Administration. Volume i, Elizabethan Episcopal Administration; Volumes ii, iii, Visitation Articles and Injunctions, 1575–82 and 1583–1603. By W. P. M. Kennedy Mary Queen of Scots: a Study of the Lennox Manuscripts in the University of Cambridge. By R. H. Mahon King James's Secret: Negotiations between Elizabeth and James VI relating to the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots. From the Warrender Papers. Edited by R. S. Rait and Mary I. Cameron The Poems and Letters of Andrew Marvell. Edited by H. M. Margoliouth John Marshall in India, 1668–1672. Edited by Shafaat Ahmad Khan Het voorspel van den oorlog van 1672: de economisch‐politieke betrekkingen tusschen Frankrijk en Nederland in de jaren 1660–1672. By S. Elzinga Guide to British West Indian Archive Materials, in London and in the Islands, for the History of the United States. By H. C. Bell, D. W. Parker and others Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, America and West Indies, 1712–1714, preserved in the Public Record Office. Edited by Cecil Headlam The Oxford History of the United States. By S. E. Morison George the Fourth. By Shane Leslie Life in Regency and Early Victorian Times: an account of the Days of Brummell and D'Orsay, 1800 to 1850. By E. Beresford Chancellor Lord Brougham and the Whig Party. By Arthur Aspinall Le. Monde Anglo‐Saxon au XIX e Siècle. Par Paul Vaucher Harriet Martineau: an Essay in Comprehension. By Theodora Bosanquet Revolution and Reaction in modern France. By G. Lowes Dickinson The Rise of Louis Napoleon. By F. A. Simpson The Acquisition and Government of Backward Territory in International Law. By M. F. Lindley Denkschrift über die deutschen Geschichts‐und‐Lesebücher vor allem seit 1923. Von Siegfried Kawerau Educational Prophets in Berlin: a summary of selected papers presented to the History Teaching Congress, 1924. Handbook of Suggestions for Teachers (Third Impression)