Epidemiology Of Road Traffic Accidents Research Articles

Epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents Reported in a Rural Health Centre of a Medical College in Puducherry

Epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents Reported in a Rural Health Centre of a Medical College in Puducherry

The epidemiology of road traffic accidents and associated factors among drivers in Dilla Town, Southern Ethiopia.

Data on the magnitude of road traffic accidents (RTAs) were mostly obtained through police records and hospital registration data. However, insufficient data reporting masked the gravity of the problem, and little attention was paid to the magnitude and correlation of road traffic accidents from the driver's perspective. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of RTA and related factors among drivers. A community-based cross-sectional study involving 316 drivers was conducted in Southern Ethiopia. The participants were chosen using a systematic random sample technique, and the data were obtained using an interview-administered structured questionnaire. To analyze the data, SPSS software (version 20) was employed. In addition to descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression analysis was also employed to find factors connected to traffic accidents. RTA factors were considered statistically significant if they had a P-value of 0.05 or below in the multivariate analysis. The RTA among drivers was 126 (39.9%) (95% confidence interval (CI): 34.2-45.6%) in the previous year. The following factors were associated with RTA: vehicle maintenance (AOR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.96), media utilization (AOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.65), participation in driving-related training (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.91), punishment for prior traffic violations (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.83), and risky driving behavior (AOR = 7.89, 95% CI: 3.22, 12.38). Two-fifths of the drivers were involved in a traffic accident. Risky driving behaviors, vehicle maintenance, media usage, attending driving-related training in the previous 2 years, and prior experience with traffic police punishment or warning were all strongly linked to road traffic accidents. In light of these statistics, the Federal Ministry of Transport of Ethiopia and other stakeholders should support making it mandatory for drivers to check their vehicles' safety, provide them with safety training, raise awareness about vehicle maintenance and risky driving behaviors, and enforce strict penalties for traffic violations.

Epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents in Nepal from 2009/10 to 2019/20: A 10 Year Study.

Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of deaths worldwide among children and young adults aged between 5 to 29 years. The risk of road traffic accident-related death is higher in low-income countries. Thus, we aim to evaluate the epidemiology of road traffic accidents in Nepal during the fiscal years from 2009/10 to 2019/20. This study is a secondary data analysis of the published police records publicly available on the official webpage of Nepal Police. A study was carried out after written permission from Nepal Police. The data obtained were analysed using Microsoft Excel-13. Analysing available data about reported road traffic accidents events showed an increasing trend in road traffic accidents from the fiscal years 2011/12 till 2019/20, with a steeper increase in the number of road traffic accidents in fiscal years 2017/18 and 2019/20. In fiscal years 2009/10, 11,747 vehicles collided; which rose to 25,788 in the fiscal years 2019/20. More cases of road traffic accidents were reported to occur from 12 noon-6 pm in a day. Among reported road traffic accidents commonest predispositions behind road traffic accidents was the negligence of driver followed by over speed. Among those individuals who died due to road traffic accidents, most of them were male. We found an increasing trend of road traffic accidents, vehicle collisions, and injuries in Nepal over the past ten years especially among two-wheelers and four-wheelers like the car, bus, and autorickshaw.

Epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents and Strategies to Reduce their Impact on Lives and Limbs

Epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents and Strategies to Reduce their Impact on Lives and Limbs

Magnitude of road traffic accident related injuries and fatalities in Ethiopia

BackgroundIn many developing countries there is paucity of evidence regarding the epidemiology of road traffic accidents (RTAs). The study determines the rates of injuries and fatalities associated with RTAs in Ethiopia based on the data of a recent national survey.MethodsThe study is based on the secondary data of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016. The survey collected information about occurrence injuries and accidents including RTAs in the past 12 months among 75,271 members of 16,650 households. Households were selected from nine regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia using stratified cluster sampling procedure.ResultsOf the 75,271 household members enumerated, 123 encountered RTAs in the reference period and rate of RTA-related injury was 163 (95% confidence interval (CI): 136–195) per 100,000 population. Of the 123 causalities, 28 were fatal, making the fatality rate 37 (95% CI: 25–54) per 100,000 population. The RTA-related injuries and fatalities per 100,000 motor vehicles were estimated as 21,681 (95% CI: 18,090–25,938) and 4,922 (95% CI: 3325–7183), respectively. Next to accidental falls, RTAs were the second most common form of accidents and injuries accounting for 22.8% of all such incidents. RTAs contributed to 43.8% of all fatalities secondary to accidents and injuries. Among RTA causalities, 21.9% were drivers, 35.0% were passenger vehicle occupants and 36.0% were vulnerable road users including: motorcyclists (21.0%), pedestrians (12.1%) and cyclists (2.9%). Approximately half (47.1%) of the causalities were between 15–29 years of age and 15.3% were either minors younger than 15 years or seniors older than 64 years of age. Nearly two-thirds (65.0%) of the victims were males.ConclusionRTA-related causalities are extremely high in Ethiopia. Male young adults and vulnerable road users are at increased risk of RTAs. There is a urgent need for bringing road safety to the country's public health agenda.

Socioeconomic Inequality in Mortality from Road Traffic Accident in Iran.

Although the epidemiology of road traffic accidents (RTAs) and their determining factors have been extensively investigated and debated in Iran, yet there is no data regarding socioeconomic inequalities in mortality from RTA in Iranian context. Since effective interventions to control, management and diminish the negative influence of RTAs would require understanding of numerous contributing factors, including the inequalities We aimed to quantify for the first time the socioeconomic differential in mortality or injuries from RTAs. A cross-sectional study. Overall, 50755 died and injured people from RTA from Mar 2015 to Feb 2016 were evaluated. The data were taken from traffic police department in Iran. We calculated concentration index (CI) to measure socioeconomic inequality in traffic-related mortality & injury. Data were analyzed using Stata software. The mortality and injury rate from accidents was 1130.80 per 10000 accidents. The concentration index was negative for mortality rate (-0.11) of RTA, indicating the higher concentration of the rates among deprived groups. People with low socioeconomic level were more at risk for fatal accidents and injuries. Therefore, specific interventions on road safety should be delivered in the deprived drivers which uses from low safety level vehicles.

Epidemiology of road traffic accidents in cats attending emergency-care practices in the UK.

To estimate the incidence proportion of road traffic accidents in cats attending emergency out-of-hours clinics in the UK, identify major risk factors for road traffic accident occurrence and for survival to discharge. A retrospective study of a cohort of 33,053 cats in the VetCompass database attending emergency-care practice between January 1, 2012 and February 15, 2014. Incidence proportion was calculated and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for road traffic accident and survival to discharge following road traffic accident. Incidence proportion was estimated at 4∙2% (95% confidence interval: 4∙0 to 4∙4%). Cats aged 6months to 2years were at increased odds of road traffic accident, as were male cats and crossbred cats. Odds of road traffic accident were highest in the autumn. Spinal injury, abdominal injury and increasing count of injuries were associated with increased odds of death. Road traffic accident is a frequent presentation in emergency-care practice. Identification of risk factors for death within the first 24 hours following a road traffic accident can aid veterinarian and owner decision-making for treatment of cats involved in a road traffic accident.

Epidemiology of road traffic accidents in Tabriz municipality: A crosssectional study

Introduction: Traffic accidents are of the most common causes for emergency ward admissions with variable outcomes ranging from full recovery to death. In order to have an accurate policy setting, the information regarding the accidents should be unraveled. The present study was carried out aiming to describe traffic accidents causing trauma in one of Iran’s major municipalities. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 757 patients admitted to the emergency wards with the background of traffic accidents were included in the study. All patients had signed informed consent before participating in the study. Data regarding these patients were extracted from the hospital information system (HIS) and then analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 33.09 ± 17.19. Most of the patients (70.7%) were men. Almost two third of the patients were injured inside the cities. Accidents happening on the inter-city roads were significantly related to the car collisions. Emergency medical services (EMS) were the most common route of admission and referral. The head trauma had the highest incidence rate among all traumas based on location. Accidents on the inter-city roads were related to the injury to the neck, thorax, and upper limbs. Conclusion: Based on various factors effecting trauma caused in traffic accidents, the clinical picture was variable. It is important to have an understanding of the situation regarding traffic accidents in order to further enhance the quality of care for these patients

Epidemiology of road traffic accidents in Rafsanjan city, Iran.

IntroductionInjury is recognized as a major health problem in most high and low-income countries. Rafsanjan is considered as one of the accident-prone areas in Kerman province.ObjectiveTo study the epidemiology of traffic accidents in the Rafsanjan city.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted, by using the data from the Emergency Department (ED) of Aliebn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan city. The population included all people who had had a traffic accident in the city of Rafsanjan from March 21, 2014 through February 18, 2015. The sample included those who had been injured and transferred to the ED of Aliebn Abitaleb Hospital. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent-samples t-test, and logistic regression. SPSS software version 19 was used for data analysis. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAge, gender and location of accident, had significant association with the number of mortalities (p=0.02), and other results of this study suggest that there was a significant relationship between the status of the injured and the gender (p<0.001), the accident location (p<0.001), and the type of injury (p<0.001).ConclusionThe rate of accidents in one year in Rafsanjan city was high. Moreover, young people and motorcyclists had most accidents. Teaching the laws and regulations to the people of the city, is the most effective method in reducing accidents and mortality.

Significance of chronic toxoplasmosis in epidemiology of road traffic accidents in Russian Federation.

Studies carried out in Moscow residents have revealed that the prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis is very close to those in countries of Eastern and Central Europe. Our findings also demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the rate of traffic accidents and the seroprevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis in drivers who were held responsible for accidents. The latter was 2.37 times higher in drivers who were involved in road accidents compared with control groups. These results suggest that the consequences of chronic toxoplasmosis (particularly a slower reaction time and decreased concentration) might contribute to the peculiarities of the epidemiology of road traffic accidents in the Russian Federation and might interfere with the successful implementation of the Federal Programme named “Increase road traffic safety”. Suggestions for how to address overcome this problem are discussed in this paper.

Epidemiology of road traffic accidents in Suraram Hyderabad, Telangana state

Epidemiology of road traffic accidents in Suraram Hyderabad, Telangana state

Epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents in Western Uttar Pradesh, India: A Hospital Based Study

Epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents in Western Uttar Pradesh, India: A Hospital Based Study

Epidemiology of road traffic accidents in Al-Ahssaa Governorate, Saudi Arabia

A study of road traffic accidents was conducted in Al-Ahssaa Governorate, Saudi Arabia, 1414 AH [July 1994 to June 1995]. The objective was to determine the magnitude of the problem and to study its determinants and consequences. Relevant records of both the traffic agency and the four main hospitals in the Governorate were reviewed in a retrospective study. A total of 6117 accidents occurred, which resulted in the injury of 2551 people and the deaths of 151, according to the medical records. The data are compared with those from other regions and recommendations given to help minimize the problem of road traffic accidents

Epidemiology of road traffic accidents during pleasure travelling: the evidence from the island of Crete

During the six-month period April to September 1995, all 730 road traffic injury victims who contacted any of the three hospitals of the Heraklion District in the island of Crete, directly or through the Medical Emergency Transportation Network, were recorded. A special form was completed containing information about selected characteristics of the victims, nature of the injuries and conditions of the accident. All 39 fatalities owing to road traffic accidents were also registered. In the absence of data concerning the person–time at risk only proportional analyses could be performed. On the basis of Greek hospital discharge statistics in Heraklion District during 1992, one foreigner visitor was discharged owing to injuries of any type for every 18 Greeks. The corresponding ratio for road traffic accidents is close to 1:3, underlying the importance of road traffic accidents as the major health hazard during pleasure travelling. Left-side driving country nationals were at an increased risk for traffic accident when they drove a rented rather than an owned vehicle ( p=0.02), possibly on account of maladaptation during the adjustment period in the country of visit. Moreover, road traffic victims from left-side driving countries compared with foreigners from right-side driving countries were involved 2.5 times more frequently in accidents in which overpassing or other driving maneurves require reflexes conditioned on reverse directionality ( p=0.02). Alcohol abuse was reported as a primary cause of accident in a significantly higher proportion of foreign nationals ( p<10 −6) reflecting the fact that the latter group was on vacation. Alcohol intoxication was more common among Eastern European victims than among victims from European Union countries ( p<10 −5). The likelihood of death following hospitalization ranged from 0% among those with a Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 8 or higher, to 90% among those with GCS less than 8. After adjustment for exact GCS score there was no difference in the probability of death or the likelihood for admission to intensive care unit between Greek and foreign nationals. Road traffic accidents are a major hazard during pleasure travelling and victims of such accidents among travellers have a distinct epidemiologic profile compared with accidents of a similar nature among locals.

The Epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents in Jordan

A review of the problem of road traffic accidents (RTA) in Jordan is presented with a special reference made to hospitalised accidents. Analysis of time-series data on road traffic accidents (RTA) between 1979 and 1985 showed a rising trend. Over three-quarters of accidents occur in urban areas and during daylight while pedestrians constitute over 40% of all injuries. A detailed analysis of 1986 RTA has revealed that more accidents occur on Saturdays (the first day of working week) and during summer months. Out of all drivers involved 96% were male and 95% were Jordanians. Three-quarters of injured pedestrians were less than 20 years of age, a group which constitutes only 60% of total population. Analysis of hospitalised RTA showed that head injuries were the most common type followed by extremities while 73% of total injuries involved people less than 30 years of age. Joint and upper extremity injuries required the longest and the shortest periods of stay in hospitals respectively.

Epidemiology of road traffic accidents in Zaria, Nigeria.

A STUDY of Road Traffic Accident (RTA) was carried out in Zaria for the period of eight (8) years, from 1972 to 1979. Data was collected from the Motor Traffic Division (MTD), of the Nigeria Police Force, Zaria, Medical Records Office and Casualty Ward of Ahmadu Bello University (A.B.U.) Teaching Hospital, Zaria. It was found that there were more RTA on Tuesdays (16.10%) and Wednesdays (16.63%) than Fridays (11.52%) and Saturdays (11.87%). More cases of RTA were witnessed in the months of September (9.48%) and October (11.20%) than in February (6.82%) and June (2.82%). Reckless ness and negligence of drivers (23.58%) was found to be mostly responsible for the cause of RTA while intoxication (0.59%) was found to be the least cause. Private car drivers played more role in RTA in Zaria than any of the other participants like taxi drivers, bus drivers and motor cyclists. More males were involved in the accidents than females. Four years (1975-78) analy sis of RTAs revealed that there were six (6) cases of RTAs in Zaria everyday, and two (2) persons were injured or maimed everyday in Zaria. Recommendations aimed at enhancing road safety are highlighted.

Accidents and travel

SynopsisThis paper considers the hazards of getting to and from one's destination; the subject of accidents occurring as part of a holiday is too broad for present consideration.The symposium is mainh concerned with travel abroad but, since one has to reach the definitive means of travel, the epidemiology of road traffic accidents is first considered. An unusually optimistic view is taken of the current position as regards fatalities. Emphasis is placed on the importance of recent legislation in the prevention of injury. Overall, the chances of being killed on the roads are now not much greater than those of suffering an accidental death in the home. The effect of alcohol and common drugs on the holiday motorist are discussed and mention is made of the hazards of carbon monoxide poisoning.Death and injury due to travel by boat or train is so unusual as to eliminate them from useful discussion and most interest probably centres on the accidental hazards of air travel.The major anomaly here is that, on a passenger-mile basis, the worldwide chances of being killed in an accident involving a scheduled air carrier are about the same as for travelling on British Rail. The relationship of aircraft accidents to fatalities is discussed and reasons advanced for the remarkable improvement in both. Potentially survivable accidents are commonest at take off and landing. It is in such accidents that the hazard of fire is of maximal importance though adequate restraint is also highly significant. Suggestions are made for increased safety.The wholly fatal accident is commonly associated with a catastrope in flight and some of the dangers of exposure to high altitude are considered. There is considerable public interest in sabotage as a cause of aircraft accident and its incidence is briefly considered. The overall message is that air travel is quite remarkably safe and that the unduly widespread fear of flying is related, in the main, to the publicity which inevitably surrounds the occasional disaster.

Epidemiology of road traffic accidents in developing communities: Nigeria an example.

Epidemiology of road traffic accidents in developing communities: Nigeria an example.

The Epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents: Report of a Conference, Vienna, 4-7 November, 1975. WHO Regional Publications, European Series No. 2

The Epidemiology of Road Traffic Accidents: Report of a Conference, Vienna, 4-7 November, 1975. WHO Regional Publications, European Series No. 2