Epidemiology Of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection Research Articles

Molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus genotypes in oral rinses from HIV-positive and HIV-negative Jamaican patients.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been reported to be associated with oral and oropharyngeal cancer. However, little information is available about the epidemiology of oral HPV infection in Jamaica. The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of oral HPV strains using the oral rinse method in HIV and non-HIV Jamaican patients, as well as to determine the association of HPV with sexual practices, smoking, and alcohol use. A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending The University of the West Indies Mona Dental Polyclinic and the Centre for HIV/AIDS Research and Education Services. Salivary samples were tested through molecular analysis for 37 HPV genotypes using the linear array HPV genotyping test. A survey questionnaire was used to obtain demographic details, smoking history, alcohol practice, sexual practice, and history of HPV testing. The HPV prevalence was 8.65% in 18-64y olds (N=104), with a slight female predilection (55%). No high-risk HPV types were found. HPV-84 was the most common type in both HIV and non-HIV patients; 66.7% of HPV-positive participants reported that they had six or more lifetime sexual partners. The prevalence of oral HPV was similar to that in other countries. No statistically-significant relationship was observed between the prevalence of HPV and either the number of sexual partners, smoking, or alcohol history. A nationwide study on oral HPV detection might be helpful in developing a HPV vaccination policy in Jamaica.

Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus-Positive Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now established as the principal cause of an increase in incidence of a subset of head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNCs) in numerous geographic regions around the world. Further study of the epidemiology of HPV-positive HNC will be critical to the development and implementation of public health interventions to reverse these global incidence trends. Here, recent data are reviewed to provide insight into several topics, including incidence trends and projections for HPV-positive HNC; the worldwide HPV-attributable fraction; sex disparities in cancer risk; the epidemiology of oral HPV infection; the latency period between infection and cancer; the potential impact of prophylactic HPV vaccination; and prospects for secondary prevention through screening for oral HPV infection or seroreactivity to viral antigens. The identification of a single necessary cause for any cancer provides a rare and perhaps extraordinary opportunity for cancer prevention.

P235 Prevalence and risk factors associated with oral HPV among sti clinic attendees

Background Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection increases the risk of a sub-set of head and neck cancers. The epidemiology of oral HPV infection is not well understood. Aim To describe the prevalence and risk factors for oral HPV infection amongst STI clinic attendees. Methods Participants were recruited from a STI clinic, completed a risk factor questionnaire and provided oral samples for HPV DNA testing by a highly sensitive PCR using the SPF-10 broad spectrum primers. Overall positivity (prevalence) for any HPV was calculated. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between risk factors and oral HPV-positivity. Results Ninety-eight participants (50 men and 48 women) with a median age of 29 (range 20–52 years) were recruited. Overall, 67.4% (66 of 98) participants were positive. All participants reported a history of oral sex. Participants from a non-White ethnic group were more likely to be oral HPV-positive than Whites (63.1% vs. 92.9%, p = 0.03) and those who engaged in open mouth/deep kissing in the last 24 h were also more likely to be oral HPV-positive than those who did not (86.2% vs. 59.7%, p = 0.01). No statistically significant associations were found with recent history of oral sex, smoking, alcohol and cannabis use, or lifetime number of sexual partners. Conclusion Oral HPV infection is common among STI clinic attendees. It is unclear whether these are transient oral HPV infections or true persistent infections with oncogenic potential. Our limited data suggest that recent open mouth/deep kissing behaviour is associated with transmission of oral HPV.

Oral human papillomavirus infection and its risk factors among 5,410 healthy adults in China, 2009-2011.

Despite the established link between oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), little is known about the epidemiology of oral HPV infection among healthy adults in China. Oral swab specimens and questionnaires were collected from 5,410 individuals (ages 25-65 years). HPV DNA in oral exfoliated cells was tested by general primer-mediated (SPF1/GP6+) PCR and sequencing. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the associations between exposure factors and oral infection. Alpha mucosal HPV types were detected in 0.67% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47%-0.93%] of 5,351 β-globin-positive specimens, and cutaneous HPV in 5.46% (95% CI, 4.86%-6.10%). HPV 16 and 3 were the most prevalent types of α mucosal (0.43%; 95% CI, 0.27%-0.64%) and cutaneous HPV (4.17%; 95% CI, 3.65%-4.74%), respectively. The prevalence of α mucosal HPV decreased with increasing age (25-65 years) from 0.93% to 0.36% (Ptrend = 0.033), and was associated with self-reported history of oral disease [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 4.78; 95% CI, 1.07-21.41]. In 1,614 heterosexual couples, cutaneous HPV in one partner was found to increase the other partner's risk of cutaneous HPV infection (adjusted OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.22-4.48). Oral HPV infection, particularly with α mucosal types, is rare among healthy adults in China. A younger age and a history of oral disease imply higher risk of α mucosal HPV infection. This study addresses the paucity of epidemiological data on oral HPV infection among healthy population in China.

Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in the oropharynx and urine among sexually active men: a comparative study of infection by papillomavirus and other organisms, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma spp., and Ureaplasma spp

BackgroundOropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has shown a gradual increase in male predominance due to the increasing incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated OSCC. However, the mode of HPV transmission to the oral cavity is poorly understood, and little is known about the epidemiology of oral HPV infection in men. The prevalence rates of HPV, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma spp., and Ureaplasma spp. were compared in the oropharynx (oral cavity) and urine of male Japanese patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic.MethodsThe study population consisted of 213 men aged 16 – 70 years old (mean: 34.4 years old). Oropharyngeal gargles and urine were collected, and sedimented cells were preserved in liquid-based cytology solution. After DNA extraction, β-globin and infectious organisms were analyzed by a PCR-based method. The HPV genotype was determined by HPV GenoArray test.Resultsβ-Globin was positive in 100% and 97.7% of oral and urine samples, respectively. HPV detection rates were 18.8% and 22.1% in oral and urine samples, respectively, suggesting that the prevalence of HPV infection in the oral cavity was similar to that in the urinary tract. N. gonorrhoeae was more prevalent in oral (15.6%) than urine samples (9.1%), whereas C. trachomatis was detected more frequently in urine (15.9%) than oral samples (4.2%). The detection rates of M. genitalium, M. hominis, and Ureaplasma spp. were 5.2%, 10.3%, and 16.0% in oral samples, and 7.7%, 6.3%, and 19.2% in urine, respectively. There were no significant differences in the detection rates of Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp. between anatomical locations. The distribution of HPV types were similar in oral and urine samples, and HPV16 was the most common type. The majority of men with HPV infection in both the oral cavity and urine had concordant oral and urinary HPV infection. The presence of urinary HPV infection was an independent risk factor of oral HPV infection, with an odds ratio of 3.39 (95% CI: 1.49 – 7.71), whereas oral gonococcal infection was inversely correlated with oral HPV infection (odds ratio: 0.096; 95% CI: 0.01 – 0.77).ConclusionsOral HPV infection commonly occurs in sexually active men, and is significantly correlated with urinary HPV infection.

Prevalence of Oral HPV Infection in the United States, 2009-2010

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the principal cause of a distinct form of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma that is increasing in incidence among men in the United States. However, little is known about the epidemiology of oral HPV infection. To determine the prevalence of oral HPV infection in the United States. A cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010, a statistically representative sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized US population. Men and women aged 14 to 69 years examined at mobile examination centers were eligible. Participants (N = 5579) provided a 30-second oral rinse and gargle with mouthwash. For detection of HPV types, DNA purified from oral exfoliated cells was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and type-specific hybridization. Demographic and behavioral data were obtained by standardized interview. Statistical analyses used NHANES sample weights to provide weighted prevalence estimates for the US population. Prevalence of oral HPV infection. The prevalence of oral HPV infection among men and women aged 14 to 69 years was 6.9% (95% CI, 5.7%-8.3%) and of HPV type 16 was 1.0% (95% CI, 0.7%-1.3%). Oral HPV infection followed a bimodal pattern with respect to age, with peak prevalence among individuals aged 30 to 34 years (7.3%; 95% CI, 4.6%-11.4%) and 60 to 64 years (11.4%; 95% CI, 8.5%-15.1%). Men had a significantly higher prevalence than women for any oral HPV infection (10.1% [95% CI, 8.3%-12.3%] vs 3.6% [95% CI, 2.6%-5.0%], P < .001; unadjusted prevalence ratio [PR], 2.80 [95% CI, 2.02-3.88]). Infection was less common among those without vs those with a history of any type of sexual contact (0.9% [95% CI, 0.4%-1.8%] vs 7.5% [95% CI, 6.1%-9.1%], P < .001; PR, 8.69 [95% CI, 3.91-19.31]) and increased with number of sexual partners (P < .001 for trend) and cigarettes smoked per day (P < .001 for trend). Associations with age, sex, number of sexual partners, and current number of cigarettes smoked per day were independently associated with oral HPV infection in multivariable models. Among men and women aged 14 to 69 years in the United States, the overall prevalence of oral HPV infection was 6.9%, and the prevalence was higher among men than among women.