Epidemiology Of Liver Cancer Research Articles

Changing global epidemiology of liver cancer from 1990 to 2019: NASH is the fastest growing cause of liver cancer

Changing global epidemiology of liver cancer from 1990 to 2019: NASH is the fastest growing cause of liver cancer

Epidemiology of Liver Cancer in Africa: Current and Future Trends.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease of global public health significance with mortality on the rise, despite the preventable nature of its risk factors especially in Africa. It is now the sixth most common cancer worldwide, fifth in males, and ninth in females. HCC incidence and mortality are predicted to increase in African countries constrained by limited resources to combat endemic levels of viral infection and synergistic environmental risk factors. The changing nature of HCC etiology is particularly illustrated here with the traditional risk factors like viral hepatitis coexisting alongside high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence and rapidly increasing urbanization that have promoted a sharp increase in additional risk factors like coinfection, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Although there are some differences in etiology between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, risk factors like chronic viral hepatitis B and C, aflatoxin exposure, and iron overload predominate. Aggressive hepatitis B genotypes, combined with hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus/HIV coinfections and aflatoxin exposure, promote a more aggressive molecular phenotype. In parallel to a better understanding of the molecular etiology of HCC, policy and planning initiatives to address the burden of HCC must be anchored within the reality of the limited resources available. Establishment and coordination of cancer registries across Africa is needed to improve the quality of data necessary to galvanize action. Preventive measures including hepatitis B vaccination programs, measures to prevent maternal-to-child and child-to-child transmission, delivery of universally accessible antiretroviral and antiviral treatments, and reduction of dietary aflatoxin exposure can contribute markedly to reduce HCC incidence. Finally, the development of biomarkers and new therapeutic interventions will need a better understanding of the unique genetic and epigenetic characteristics of HCC on the continent. We present a narrative review of HCC in Africa, discussing present and future trends.

Epidemiology of Liver Cancer in Latin America: Current and Future Trends.

Over 38,000 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are estimated to occur in Latin America annually. The region is characterized by sociocultural heterogeneity and economic disparities, which impose barriers in addressing this major health issue. A significant proportion of patients are still diagnosed in the later stages of the disease, although efforts to implement effective screening programs have been reported by referral centers. While viral hepatitis remains the predominant etiology of liver disease among HCC cases in Latin America, a high prevalence of fatty liver disease in the region is a matter of concern, reflecting the current scenario in many Western countries. In addition, other risk factors such as alcohol, aflatoxin, and early-onset HCC in hepatitis B virus infection contribute to the burden of HCC in Latin America. Interventions to increase screening coverage, expand healthcare access, and implement continuing medical training are key challenges to be overcome.

Impact of national Human Development Index on liver cancer outcomes: Transition from 2008 to 2018.

BACKGROUNDLiver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Socioeconomic development, indicated by the Human Development Index (HDI), is closely interconnected with public health. But the manner in which social development and medical advances influenced liver cancer patients in the past decade is still unknown.AIMTo investigate the influence of HDI on clinical outcomes for patients with existing liver cancer from 2008 to 2018.METHODSThe HDI values were obtained from the United Nations Development Programme, the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database to calculate the mortality-to-incidence ratio, and the estimated 5-year net survival of patients with liver cancer was provided by the CONCORD-3 program. We then explored the association of mortality-to-incidence ratio and survival with HDI, with a focus on geographic variability across countries as well as temporal heterogeneity over the past decade.RESULTSFrom 2008 to 2018, the epidemiology of liver cancer had changed across countries. Liver cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios were negatively correlated and showed good fit with a modified “dose-to-inhibition response” pattern with HDI (r = -0.548, P < 0.0001 for 2018; r = -0.617, P < 0.0001 for 2008). Cancer survival was positively associated with HDI (r = 0.408, P < 0.01) and negatively associated with mortality-to-incidence ratio (r = -0.346, P < 0.05), solidly confirming the interrelation among liver cancer outcome indicators and socioeconomic factors. Notably, in the past decade, the HDI values in most countries have increased alongside a decreasing tendency of liver cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios (P < 0.0001), and survival outcomes have simultaneously improved (P < 0.001), with significant disparities across countries.CONCLUSIONSocioeconomic factors have a significant influence on cancer outcomes. HDI values have increased along with improved cancer outcomes, with significant disparities among countries.

Epidemiology of liver cancer in Nile delta over a decade: A single-center study.

Background:In Egypt, there has been a remarkable increase in the proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among chronic liver diseases patients. This rising proportion may be explained by the increasing risk factors as hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, improvement of the diagnostic tools of HCC as well as the extended survival among patients with cirrhosis to allow time for some of them to develop HCC. The aim of this study was to study the epidemiology of HCC in Nile delta over the last decade.Methods:The study was carried out on patients diagnosed as HCC in liver cancer clinic in Tanta University Hospital, Egypt, from January 2005 to January 2015. This retrospective study reviewed the files of HCC patients with special stress on age, sex, residence, occupation, smoking, and viral markers.Results:Over the last decade, 1440 HCC patients were diagnosed or referred to liver cancer clinic in Tropical Medicine Department in Tanta University Hospital from January 2005 to January 2015. The mean age of HCC patients was 56.13 ± 9.53 years. Nearly, half of the patients with HCC were smokers and quarter of HCC patients were diabetics. HBV surface antigen-positive patients were only 3.26%, and the majority of patients were HCV-Ab positive (94.86% of patients).Conclusions:In Nile delta, hepatitis C rather than hepatitis B was linked to the development of HCC in our region which may be related to the high prevalence of HCV in this area.

Epidemiology of liver cancer in South Korea.

Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer (fourth in men and sixth in women) and the second largest cause of cancer mortality in South Korea. The crude incidence rate of liver cancer was 31.9/100,000 (47.5/100,000 in men and 16.2/100,000 in women) and the age-standardized incidence rate was 19.9/100,000 (32.4/100,000 in men and 8.8/100,000 in women) in 2014. The crude incidence rate increased from 1999 to 2011 and thereafter showed a subtle decreasing tendency. The crude prevalence rate was 113.6/100,000 (170.2/100,000 in men and 57.1/100,000 in women) and the age-standardized prevalence rate was 72.6/100,000 (115.7/100,000 in men and 33.7/100,000 in women) in 2014, which increased from 2010 to 2014. Survival from liver cancer has improved over the last two decades. The 5-year relative survival rate was markedly increased from 10.7% in those diagnosed with liver cancer between 1993 and 1995 to 32.8% in those diagnosed between 2010 and 2014. The epidemiology of liver cancer is influenced by that of underlying liver diseases such as viral hepatitis. Substantial progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis; however, uncontrolled alcoholic liver disease, obesity and diabetes appears to have the potential to emerge as major causes for liver cancer. Depending on the success of the control of risk factors, the epidemiology of liver cancer in Korea may change.

Incidence and Mortality Trends of Liver Cancer among Puerto Ricans, US Hispanics and Non-Hispanic US Population

Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence rates vary greatly among different ethnic groups. Most of the information regarding the epidemiology of liver cancer in Hispanics is based on evaluation of databases in which there is negligible representation of island Puerto Ricans. The aim of this study was to assess the trends in the incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer in Puerto Ricans, United States (US) Hispanics and the US general population. Methods: We analyzed the databases of the Puerto Rico (PR) Cancer Registry, the US SEER 11, and the PR and US Vital Statistics for all cases of liver cancer diagnosed in the period 1992–2001. A trend analysis of the age-standardized liver cancer incidence/mortality rates (per 100,000) was performed using the direct method (Standard World Population 1960) from 1992–2001. Annual percent change (APC) was estimated with the Poisson model using as predictor year of diagnosis. Results: During the study period, Puerto Ricans and US Hispanics (US-H) showed the highest incidence and mortality trends for liver cancer. The incidence of liver cancer remained stable for Puerto Ricans (APC = 0.06%) yet rapidly increased in the US general population (APC = 4.0%) and US-H (APC = 3.73%). The incidence of liver cancer is increasing in all groups and sexes, except among Puerto Rican females who showed a decreasing incidence trend (APC = -1.99%). Puerto Ricans had the highest mortality rates from liver cancer for both sexes and across all age groups, despite exhibiting a decreasing trend during the study period (APC = -1.68). An increasing mortality trend was evident for both US (APC = 1.08) and US-H (APC = 1.14). Conclusion: Both US Hispanics and Puerto Ricans are disproportionately affected by liver cancer having a higher incidence and mortality rates, respectively, in comparison to the US general population. Further studies should explore the reasons for these ethnic disparities.

Progress in research of liver surgery in China.

Liver surgery, was started in the late 1950s in China and has developed rapidly in the past 40 years[1]. The study on the diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer in China underwent four stages: ① In the 1950s, the anatomical study of the liver lay a solid foundation for liver resection[2]. ② In the 1960s and 1970s, studies mainly focused on the detecting methods of AFP and other tumor markers, clinical and pathologic characterion of small liver cancer and epidemiology of liver cancer. ③ In the 1980s, imaging diagnostic techniques, such as CT, MRI, DSA, Doppler ultrasonography, etc., and new therapeutics[3], such as hepatic artery chemo-embolization, percutaneous intra-tumoral ethanol injection, hepatic artery ligation with targeted chemotherapy[4], and some new concepts such as radical regional resection, re-operation of the recurrent liver cancer, two-stage resection, the combined surgical management of liver cancer complicated with hepatic duct thrombus, splenomegaly and portal hypertension were introduced. These comprehensive treatment further improved the liver cancer surgery. ④ In the 1990s, attention was mainly focused on the biotherapy and liver transplantation. The progress in the diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer in recent years are summarized as follows.

Epidemiology of liver cancer (HCC) in a province of North Italy

Epidemiology of liver cancer (HCC) in a province of North Italy